大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷25（共9套）

(共210題)

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解(本題共70題，每題1.0分，共10分。)

Wheniiicdal-wiiiiiingalhlclcbiclunihomefrumtheOlympicGames,thciifamemaybe

short-lived,buttheycanlookforwardtoalonglife.AnewstudyhasfoundthatOlympic

medalistsliveanaverageof2.8yearslongerthanthe[Cl]ofus,whether

they'reagymnast,golfer,runner,orathleteinanyotherevent.Thestudyuseddataon15

174maleandfemaleathleteswhowonmedalsinOlympicGamessince1896andfound

that30yearsafterany[C2]Olympics,8%moremedalistswerealivethan

othersfromtheircountryandbirthyear.Theeffect,asecondstudyconcluded,wasn't

[C3]seeninOlympicathleteswho[C4]inhigh-cnduranceorhigh-

intensityevents.Researchersfoundnodifferenceinmortalitybetweencyclists,rowers,

tennisstars,andcricket[C5].Butthefactorthatdidmakeadifference:whether

asporthadhighlevelsofphysical[C6]andcollisions.Olympiansinsportswith

higherbodilycollision,suchasboxing,hadan11%highermortality[C7]than

thoseinsportswithminimalcollisions.Bothstudieswerepublishedonlinetodayin

BritishMedicalJournal.Theresearchers[C8]thatmedalistscouldlivelonger

becauseoftheirintensivetraining,exerciselevelsthroughoutlife,orbecausetheir

successleadsto[C9]wealthoreducationlevels,butmoreresearchwillbe

neededto[CIO]whatisatplay.A)assumeF)hardlyK)participatedB)attracted

G)healthyL)playersC)contactH)increasedM)qualityD)determineI)influenceN)rest

E)givenJ)justO)risk

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題?？崭袂盀槎ü谠~the,空格后為介詞of,因此空格處應(yīng)

填入名詞。此處應(yīng)該是將奧林匹克獲獎(jiǎng)選手和別人作比較，因此名詞rest符合題

意。therest意為'余下的人

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義推斷題?？崭裉幮杼钊胂薅ㄔ~修飾Olympics?？崭袂懊嫣岬搅?/p>

該項(xiàng)研究的對(duì)象是自1896年以來在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上拿到獎(jiǎng)牌的15174名運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因此，

空格處所填入的詞不僅能夠修飾名詞Olympics,還需要表示是其中“任一”奧運(yùn)

會(huì)，所以填入形容詞gh/en。

3、（C31

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：副詞辨析題?？崭袂盀榉穸ㄐ问絯asnt整個(gè)句子成分完整，根據(jù)空

格位置判斷所填入單詞應(yīng)該為副詞。第三段第一句提到，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)一些不同運(yùn)動(dòng)

項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)員死亡率沒有不同，這也就說明影響不僅僅體現(xiàn)在一些奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員

身上。因此，副詞just符合題意。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：固定搭配題。在該從句中，空格前為關(guān)系代詞who,空格后為介詞

in,因此空格處填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為不及物動(dòng)詞。空格后的evenis指的是運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，運(yùn)

動(dòng)員應(yīng)該是“參加”項(xiàng)目，participated和in構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示“參加，

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題。空格前面所提到的cyclists,rowers,tennisstars都是指

從事各種運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。因此，空格處填入名詞players,與cricket搭配，表示“板

球運(yùn)動(dòng)員

6、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題?？崭袂盀樾稳菰~，空格后由and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)

collisions,因此空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，與collisions意思相近，故contact”接

觸，聯(lián)系''符合句意。此處意為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)是否有著高強(qiáng)度的身體接觸和對(duì)抗。

7、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題?？崭袂盀椋篽ighermortality,后面為thanthose,空格應(yīng)

填入名詞。本句的意思是，參加像拳擊這樣的高強(qiáng)度身體對(duì)抗運(yùn)動(dòng)的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)

員和參加其他沖撞程度很低的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比，他們的死亡—要高11%。

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，名詞risk符合題意，表示“死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題。空格前為Theresearchers,空格后為thal,因此空格處

應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞。最后一句提到還需要做更多的研究，因此該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)表達(dá)“推測(cè)”意

思，故assume符合題意。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂懊鏋榻樵~I。，后面為名詞wealth,說明此處需要

填入形容詞或分詞?？崭袼诓糠值木渥诱f運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功會(huì)帶來財(cái)富或教育水平的

―，根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況可以推斷，此處填入動(dòng)詞increased符合題意，表示財(cái)富的增

加或教育水平的提高。

10、[C10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂盀椴欢ㄊ椒?hào)2,后面為what引導(dǎo)的賓語從

句，空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形。此處意為要——什么因素在起作用還需要更多的研

究,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，動(dòng)詞determine“確定”符合題意。

二、長篇閱讀(本題共/0題，每題1.0分，共10分。)

EcosystemsinandoutofBalanceA)Itisknownthatecosystemshaveastructure

consistingofproducers(greenplantswhichuselightenergytoproducelivingmatterfrom

non-livingmatterintheenvironment),consumers(alltheanimalswhichfeeddirectlyor

indirectlyonthegreenplants),anddecomposers(分解體"bacteriaandfungithatchange

thedeadorganicmaterialbackintosimplerawmaterialswhichcanthenagainbeusedby

theproducers).Thisstructure,whichisnecessarytomaintaintheflowofenergyand

nutrientsthroughthesystem,consistsoftheinteractionsbetweenhundredsoreven

thousandsofdifferentkindsofplants,animals,andmicrobeswhichgrow,reproduceand

dieinanever-endingcycle.B)Atthispoint,wemightaskourselves,sinceecosystems

consistofinteractionsbetweenreproductionpopulations,whatpreventsone

species(kind)oforganismfromreproducinginsuchnumbersthatitovercomesand

eliminatesotherspecies?Inotherwords,whatarcthefactorsthatmaintainthestructure,

orbalance,ofthatecosystem?Toanswerthequestionwemustfirstrecognizethatthe

ideaofecosystembalanceisrelative.Infact,ecosystemsarealwayschangingand

adjusting.Therelativedegreeofbalanceisthemainfactorindeterminingtherateof

change.Awell-balancedsystemwillchangeveryslowly,perhapsunnoticeably,inthe

courseofdirecthumanexperience.Anunbalancedsystemchangesmoreorlessrapidly;

thegreatertheimbalance,themorerapidthechange.Itfollowsthatifachangeismade

inoneormoreofthefactorsthataffectbalance,theecosystemitselfwillalsochange.

C)Oncwayofv沁wingecosystemchangeandbalanceisintermsofthetwofactors:

bioticpotentialandenvironmentalresistance.Thebioticpotentialofaspeciesisits

capacityforreproducingitself;inageneralsenseitisthecombinationofallthefactors

thatpermititskindtobecomemorenumerous.Birthrateisanobviousfactor,butitis

onlyone.Givenfavorableconditions,everyspecieshasabioticpotentialtoincreaseits

population.Forexample,apairoffrogshasthebioticpotentialtoproduceseveral

hundredoffspringinoneseasonandeachoffspringinturncouldpotentiallyproduce

severalhundredmore.D)Thcfactthatpopulationsinnaturegenerallydonot"explode"in

numbersisnotduetolimitsinbioticpotential,buttoasecondfactor,environmental

resistance.Theenvironmentalresistancefacingeachspeciesisthecombinationofallthe

factorsthatlimitthesurvivalofitsmembers.Thesefactorsaresimilarforbothplantsand

animals.Thus,thereisarelationshipbetweenbioticpotentialandenvironmental

resistance.Iftheenvironmentalresistanceforaspeciesislessthanitsbioticpotential,its

memberswillincrease;iftheenvironmentalresistanceisgreaterthanbioticpotential,

thenitsnumberswilldecrease.Inastableecosystem,thebioticpotentialofeachspecies

isevenlybalancedbyenvironmentalresistance.E)Nowlet'slookatourselvesasa

speciesinrelationtoecosystembalance.Modemscientistsbelievethathumankind,like

otheranimals,evolvedthroughmillionsofyearsofchangesandadaptationstothe

environment.Despitethissimilaritywithothercreatures,however,theevolutionof

humankinddiffersfromthatofotherspeciesinoneimportantanduniqueway.Inother

speciesevolutionhasledtospecialization,bothinthespeciesabilitiesandinitsplace

withintheenvironmentalstructure.Forexample,thegiraffe(長頸鹿)ismarvelously

adaptedtograzingontreetopsbut,assuch,itisalsospecializedandthusrestrictedto

grazingontreesandshrubs(灌木).Thesameistrueforcountlessotherspecies.For

humankindthereverseistrue.Ourevolutionhadledtoaverygeneralizedcapability.Our

highlydevelopedintelligenceandabilitytomakeandhandletoolsmeanthatwecando

virtuallyanything.Ratherthanevolvingintoaspecializedroleinbalancewithnatural

enemies,competitivespeciesandenvironmentalfactors,humansevolvedinsuchaway

thatwearecapableofmovingintoeveryenvironmentonEarthandevenintospace.Said

anotherway,weseeinhumankindatremendousimbalancebetweenbioticpotentialand

environmentalresistance.Theresultistherapidlyincreasingworldpopulation,

frequentlyreferredtoasthepopulationexplosion.Further,tosupportourgrowing

population,naturalecosystemsarebeingincreasinglydisplacedbyhumanhabitations,

agriculture,andotherhuman-supportingactivities.F)Fromtheviewpointofevolutionary

history,thespreadingofhumanbeingsovertheearthcanbelookedatasanatural

process,thelatestofmanywavesofchangethathaveoccurredsincetheearliest

beginningsoflifeonthisplanet.Unfortunately,thereisnothinginecologicalor

evolutionarytheorytosupporttheviewthathumanswillbethelastorevenalong-lasting

"wave".Infact,therearemanyindicationsthatthehumanwave,atleastthatofhumans

inatechnologicalsociety,mayberelativelyshortlived.Whyisitso?Firsttherateand

degreeofmanychangesbeingbroughtaboutbyhumansarcextreme.Previous

evolutionarychangeshaveoccurredoverthecourseofmanymillionsofyears.Thusthe

slowprocessofreadaptationanddevelopmentofnewspeciesmoreorlessbalanced

extinctions,andecosystemsremainedinrelativebalancethroughoutthecourseof

change.Incontrast,thesignificantchangesbroughtaboutbyhumanshaveoccurredin

onlythelast200years.G)Theresultisthatextinctionsareoccurringatadistressingly

fastrate,aratewhichismorethanlikelytoincreaseinthefuture.Changesinthe

biosphereareoccurringsorapidlythatwehavenowayofaccuratelypredictingthe

outcome.Manyecologistsarcconcernedthatthebasicbalanceswithinthebiospherewill

besoalteredthatalllifeonearth,includinghumanlife,willbedisrupted.H)Second,

thereisdangerinthesimplicityofthehumanecosystem.Basedasitisonrelativelyfew

speciesofagriculturalcropsandanimals,thehumanecosystemisinherentlyunstable.

Agriculturalproductionisonlytenuously（細(xì)微地）balancedbythemassiveuseof

powerfulchemicalstocontrolpests,andthesechemicalsarecausingecologicalupsets

thatfrequentlymakepestproblemsevenworse.Also,plantscientistswarnthatan

outbreakofcropdiseaseforwhichwedonothaveacurecouldwipeoutasignificant

portionoftheworldfoodsupplyinoneseason.I）Third,therearemanyindicationsthat

presenthumanexpansionisresultinginovergrazingofvastareasoftheearth'ssurface.

Overgrazingoccurswhenplant-eatingpopulationsexpandtothepointwhentheycatthe

vegetationfasterthanitcanproduceand,consequently,destroyit.J）Inconclusion,there

isnowaythatthehumanspeciescanavoidfacingtheultimatechecksandbalancesthat

applytootherspeciesandecosystems.Fortunately,however,ecologicalrealitiesneednot

beignored.Weashumansdohavetheuniqueevolutionarytraitsofexceptional

intelligenceandtechnologicalcapability.Wehavethepotentialtousethesetraitsto

makeadjustmentsinoursocietiesandlifestylestolivewithinecologicallimitsandin

balancewiththerestofthebiosphere.

11、Atremendousimbalancebetweenbioticpotentialandenvironmentalresistancein

humanbeingsleadstoamassivepopulationgrowth.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，當(dāng)生物繁殖和環(huán)境阻力二者之間出現(xiàn)了

嚴(yán)重不平衡時(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致世界人口的急劇增長，我們將它稱為“人口爆炸題干是

對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故選EL

12、Therearenoabsolutelybalancedecosystemssincetheyarealwayschanging.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，生態(tài)平衡是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念。事實(shí)上，

生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總是處于不斷變化和調(diào)整當(dāng)中。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選B）。

13、Intelligenceandtechnologicalcapabilitywillenablehumanbeingstosurviveandbe

compatiblewithotherspecies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義較述題。由定位句可知，人類擁有獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化特征，即高智商以

及技術(shù)能力。我們可以運(yùn)用這些特征改變我們的社會(huì)和生活習(xí)慣，從而適應(yīng)生態(tài)限

制，與生物圈內(nèi)其他的物種保持平衡。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選J）。

14、Scientistsbelievethatalargeamountoftheworldfoodsupplymaybedestroyed

duetoanoutbreakofincurablecropdisease.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，科學(xué)家警告說，一場(chǎng)突然爆發(fā)的沒有解

決方法的糧食作物疾病可能會(huì)毀掉一個(gè)季節(jié)內(nèi)世界上大部分的糧食供給。題干是對(duì)

定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選H）。

15、Thestructureofanecosystemismadeupofproducers,consumersand

decomposers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成部分有：生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)

者以及分解者。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選A）。

16、Itisenvironmentalresistancethatpreventspopulationsofaspeciesfromrocketing.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，自然界中的物種數(shù)量沒有“爆炸”不是因

為繁殖本能的限制，而是由于環(huán)境阻力。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選D）。

17、Therateanddegreeofchangesbeingbroughtaboutbyhumansmakeithardforthe

ecosystemstokeepbalanced.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由定位句可知，人類所引起的變化速度太快而且程度太

深。之前的生物進(jìn)化持續(xù)了數(shù)百萬年，因此，新的物種就會(huì)緩慢地進(jìn)化、發(fā)展，與

消亡的物種相抵，從而使得生態(tài)保持相對(duì)平衡。相比之下，人類所帶來的重大變化

僅發(fā)生在過去200年，所以這會(huì)使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)難以平衡。題干是對(duì)定位句的歸納總

結(jié)，故選F）。

18、Overgrazingofvastareasoftheearth'ssurfaceresultsfrompresenthuman

expansion.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，多種跡象表明，目前人口膨脹導(dǎo)致了地

球大面積的過度放牧。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選I）。

19、Thesimilaritybetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimalsinrespecttoevolutionis

thattheyhavechangedandadjustedtothesituations.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，人類和其他動(dòng)物一樣都經(jīng)過數(shù)百萬年的

變化并適應(yīng)周圍環(huán)境，這是人類和其他動(dòng)物進(jìn)化上的共同持點(diǎn)。題干是對(duì)定位句的

同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選E）。

20、Achangemadeinoneormoreofthefactorsthataffectbalancecouldresultin

changesintheecosystemasawhole.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，如果影響到生態(tài)平衡的一個(gè)或多個(gè)因素

造成了某個(gè)變化，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本身也會(huì)相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)

述，故選B）o

三、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共I。題，每題分，共70分。）

Telecommutersfallintotwocamps.Somesitonthesofawatchingdaytimesoaps,

pausingoccasionallytochecktheirBlackBerrys.Most,however,dorealwork,

undistractedbymeetingsandtalkativecolleagues.Inthefuturemorepeoplewillwork

fromhome.WithofficespaceinLondonandNewYorksocostly,manyfirmssave

moneybyencouragingstafftoworkintheirpyjamas.Insteadofhavingtoburytheir

nosesinstrangers'armpitsoncrowdedtrains,theycanworkviae-mail,Skypeandvirtual

privatenetworks.Yet,inresearchpublishedinMITSloanManagementReview,Daniel

CableoftheLondonBusinessSchoolshowsthattelecommutersarelesslikelytobe

promoted.Inoneexperiment,subjectswereaskedtojudgescenarios（場(chǎng)景）inwhichthe

onlydifferencewaswhethertheemployeewasathisofficedeskorathome.Managers

ratedthoseattheofficetobemoredependableandindustrious,regardlessofthequality

oftheirwork.Visibilitycreatestheillusionofvalue.Beingthelasttoleavetheoffice

impressesbosses,evenifyouareactuallylarkingaround（胡鬧）onFacebook.Oddly,this

holdstrueatfirmsthatexplicitlyencouragestafftoworkfromhome.ManyCalifornian

techfirmsaskedemployeesnottocometotheofficetoooften;yetbossesunconsciously

penalisedthosewhoobeyed.Remoteworkersunderstandthis.Manyfrequentlysenttheir

bossesprogressreportstoprovetheyareonthejob.Afifthoftheworkersinthestudy

admittedtoleavingane-mailorvoicemailearlyorlateintheday.Still,manyarcnotas

smartastheythink.SomechooseaMondayorFridaytoworkathome.That,saysMr.

Cable,makesothersthinktheyarekeentoextendthev/eekend.Acultureof

presenteeism（全勤主義）hurtsworkingmothersmost.Manywomen（andsomemen）work

fromhometoallowthemselvestheflexibilitytopickupkidsfromschool.Thatneednot

meantheyproduceless;onlythattheydoitatatimeandaplaceoftheirownchoosing.

Somefirms,suchasBestBuy,anelectronicsretailer,recognisethisandtryhardto

evaluatestaffsolelyonperformance.Butthisisnoteasy.Intangiblessuchas

teamworkingskillsmatter,too.Mr.Cablethinkshomeworkingwillloseitsstigma（恥

辱）onlywhenmostpeopledoit.Orperhapswhenthebossistelecommuting,too.

21、Whatismostlikely（hemaincauseoftheincreasingnumberoftelecommuters?

A^Attractivedaytimesoaps.

B、Annoyingtalkativecolleagues.

C、High-techmobilephones.

D^Increasinglocationrents.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。山定位句可知，由于倫敦和紐約的寫字樓租金非常昂

貴，很多公司通過鼓勵(lì)員工在家辦公來節(jié)省資金。由此可知，D）“不斷上漲的場(chǎng)地

租金''是遠(yuǎn)程工作者人數(shù)增加的主要原因，故為正確答案。

22、Whydotelecommutersprobablygetfeweropportunitiesforpromotion?

A^Theirqualityofworkisworse.

B、Theyarcinefficientattheirwork.

C^Theyaremisjudgedbythebosses.

D、Theyspendlesstimeworking.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可知，遠(yuǎn)程辦公的員工升職的可能性會(huì)更小，

因?yàn)闊o論工作質(zhì)量怎么樣，管理者會(huì)認(rèn)為那些在辦公室里面工作的員工更加勤奮可

靠。由此推知，C）“他們會(huì)被老板誤判”與之符合，故為正確答案。

23、WhatdoestheexampleofmanyCaliforniatechfirmsprove?

A、Workingathomeisimpracticalintechfirms.

B、Bossesoftendon'tkeeptheirpromises.

C^Employeesshouldjudgewhentoobey.

D、Employees'presenceatofficeraisestheirvalue.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可知，看見員工工作給人一種這是一個(gè)好員工

的假象。舉出加利福尼亞地區(qū)的科技公司這一例子也是為了證明這一觀點(diǎn)，由此可

知D)”員工出現(xiàn)在辦公室會(huì)提升他們的價(jià)值”與之符合，故為正確答案。

24、Whatdowisetelecommutersdotoprovethattheyarconthejob?

A、Theygivetimelyaccountsoftheirworkprogresstotheirbosses.

Theychecktheire-mailsandvoicemailseveryday.

C>Theydiscusstheworkwiththeirbosses.

D、Theyspendsometimeworkingonweekends.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，很多人頻繁地向老板發(fā)送進(jìn)度報(bào)告來證明

他們正在工作。由此可知，A)為正確答案。

25、Whatisthebiggestdisadvantageofworkingathomeaccordingtothelast

paragraph?

A、Thetraditionalworkingculturecanbehurt.

Mothers,workmaybedisruptedbytheirkids.

C^Retailerscan'tgetenoughon-siteemployees.

D、Employeesmaylackchancestodevelopcertainskills.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。定位句指出，一些無形的東西也同樣重要，比如說團(tuán)隊(duì)

合作能力。由此可以推斷出D)”員工們或許會(huì)缺乏提高某些技能的機(jī)會(huì)”與文意相

符，故為正確答案。

ImmigrationisregardedbythepublicasthebiggestissuelacingBritishsociety,amajor

newsurveytakingstockofthestateofthecountryreveals.Oneinthreepeoplebelieves

tensionbetweenimmigrantsandpeoplebornintheUKisthemajorcauseofdivision,

whilewelloverhalfregarditasoneofthetopthreecauses.Overthepasttwodecades,

bothimmigrationandemigrationhaveincreasedtohistoricallyhighlevels,withthose

enteringthecountryexceedingthoseleavingbymorethan100000ineveryyearsince

1998.YetthesurveyinareportbythethinktankBritishFuturealsosuggeststhecountry

is,atheart,tolerantofthosewhocometoitsshores.Whileoneinfourthinksbeingborn

hereisimportanttobeingBritish,two-thirdsofpeoplebelievethewelfarestateshouldbe

opentothosebornabroadwhohavecontributedtosocietyandplaybytherules.Thepoll

resultsarebeingreleasedascommunitiessecretaryEricPicklespreparestogiveamajor

speechinwhichhewillannouncefurthereffortstoaidintegration.Pickleswillsaythata

masteryofEnglishisthekeytosocialmobilityandessentialifpeopleofdifferent

generationswanttogeton.Hewillstressthatasharedlanguageisvitalforoureconomy.

Andhewillhighlightitisasthekeytounitingpeopleandincreasingtheirunderstanding

ofoneanother.SunderKatwala,directorofBritishFuture,saidthesurveyhighlighteda

nationalanxietyaboutimmigrationtowhichnationalpoliticiansneededtorespond.

However,healsonotedthattheresultssuggestedthatwhenpeoplethoughtabouttheir

localareas,therewaslessconcern.While30%placedimmigrationfirstwhenthinking

abouttensionsfacingBritishsocietyasawhole,only19%choseitasthemostdivisive

issueintheirownarea.Therewasalsoverylittlecorrelation（關(guān)聯(lián)）betweenthe

geographicaldistributionofimmigrantsandthelevelsofconcern.Immigrationwas

regardedasthemostdivisiveissuefor19%ofpeopleinnorth-eastEnglandand20%in

Wales—wherethe2011censusshowsonein20peoplewerebornabroad—andfbr20%

ofLondoners,whereimmigrantsmakeuponeinthreeofthepopulation.

26、WhydotheBritishregardimmigrationasthebiggestissueofBritishsociety?

A^ItbringsdownthequalityoflifeinBritain.

B、Itinitiatessevereconflictsinthecountry.

C>ItdamagestheunityofBritishsociety.

D^ItdeprivesnativeBritishofsomerights.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，三分之一的人認(rèn)為，外來移民和土生土長

的英國人之間的緊張局勢(shì)是造成分裂的最主要原因，而超過一半的人也把它列為前

三大原因之一。由此可知，C）為正確答案。

27WhatdoesthereportofBritishFutureshow?

A、BritishpeoplebelieveonlynativescanenjoytheBritishwelfare.

Britishpeopleknowthattheimmigrantsmakegreatcontributions.

C>SomeBritishpeopleworrythatimmigrantsmaynotfollowtherules.

D、MostBritishpeoplearetolerantofthoseimmigrantsbornabroad.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由定位句可知，“英國未來”這個(gè)智囊團(tuán)發(fā)表的報(bào)告中的

調(diào)查指出，英國從內(nèi)心深處對(duì)于那些移民是寬容的，故D）符合題意。

28、WhatcanhelpintegrationaccordingtoEricPickles?

A、Highsocialmobility.

B、ExcellentuseofEnglish.

C、Sharedknowledgeofeconomy.

D、Mutualunderstanding.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可知，Pickles將指出熟練掌握英語是社會(huì)流

動(dòng)以及各年齡段民眾和諧相處的必要條件。他還會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)這是團(tuán)結(jié)人們并增加相互理

解的關(guān)鍵，故B）為正確答案。

29、Howdopeoplefeel（hetensionintheirlocalareas?

A^Thenationaltensioninfluencesthelocalatmosphere.

B、Politiciansdon'tpayenoughattentiontothelocaltension.

C^Ithasdifferenttraitscomparedwiththetensioninthewholenation.

D、Tensioninlocalareasislessseriousthanthenationalone.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可知，當(dāng)人們考慮到自己所處的局部地區(qū)時(shí)，

憂慮明顯減少。當(dāng)考慮到英國社會(huì)整體所面臨的緊張局勢(shì)時(shí)，30%的人將移民問題

放在首位，而將視線放到他們所生活的地區(qū)時(shí)，只有19%的人認(rèn)為移民是造成分

裂的最主要原因。由此韭斷局部地區(qū)的緊張局勢(shì)沒有英國整個(gè)社會(huì)的緊張局勢(shì)嚴(yán)

重，故D）為正確答案。

30、WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedistributionofimmigrantsinBritain?

A、Ihcpercentageofimmigrantsvarieslittleingeography.

B、Thedistributionofimmigrantsreflectsthelevelofanxiety.

C、ThepercentageofimmigrantsishigherinLondonthanthatinWales.

D、Thedistributionofimmigrantshaschangedverylittlesince2011.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可知，英格蘭東北部19%的人和威爾士20%

的人認(rèn)為移民問題是內(nèi)部分裂的最大原因。2011年的人口普查顯示，在以上兩個(gè)

地區(qū)中，5%的人在國外出生。而在外來移民占人口三分之一的倫敦，認(rèn)為移民問

題是內(nèi)部分裂的最大原因的人占到了20%。由此可知，相比較而言，倫敦的移民

比例比威爾士要高，故C）正確。

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第2套

一、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共20題，每題上0分，共20分。）

Imagineyouwenttoarestaurantwithadate;hadaburger,paidwithacreditcard,and

left.Thenexttimeyougothere,thewaiterorwaitress,armedwithyourprofiledata,

greetsyouwith,"HeyJoe,howarcyou?Maryisoverthereintheseatyousatinlast

time.Wouldyouliketojoinherfordinneragain?"Thenyoufindoutthatyourburger

hasbeencookedandyourdrinkisonthetable.Forgetthefactthatyouarewithanother

dateandareonadietthatdoesn'tincludeburgers.Soundalittlebizarre?Tosome,thisis

therestaurantequivalentoftheInternet.TheNet'sabilitytoprofileyouthroughyour

visitstoandinteractionsatwebsitesprovidesmarketerswithanenormousamountofdata

onyou—someofwhichyoumaynotwantthemtohave.Areyouawarethatalmost

everytimeyouaccessawebsiteyougeta"cookie"?Unfortunately,it'snottheMrs.

Field'stype.AcookieontheInternetisacomputercodesentbythesitetoyour

computer-usuallywithoutyourknowledge.Duringtheentireperiodoftimethatyouare

althesite,thecookieiscollectinginformationaboutyourinteraction,includingwhere

youvisit,howlongyoustaythere,howfrequentlyyoureturntocertainpages,andeven

yourelectronicaddress.Filloutasurveytocollectfreeinformationorsamples,and

marketersknowevenmoreaboutyou—likeyourname,address,andanyother

informationyouprovide.Whilethismaysoundscaryenough,cookiesaren'teventhe

latestintechnology.AnewsystemcalledI-librarianAlexa—namedforthelegendary

thirdcenturyB.C.libraryinAlexandria,Egypt-doesevenmore.Whilecookiestrack

whatyouaredoingatonesite,AlexacollectsdataonallyourWebactivity,suchas

whichsitesyouvisitnext,howlongyoustaythere,whetheryouclickonads,etc.Allthis

informationisavailabletomarketers,whouseittomarketmoreeffectivelytoyou.Not

onlydoyounotgetpaidforprovidingtheinformation,youprobablydon'tevenknow

thatyouaregivingit.

1、Intherestaurantstory,theauthormaymostprobablythink(hewaiterorwaitresswas

A、considerate

B、polite

C^irritating

D^unsmart

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)0析：推理判斷題。第1段中，喬另約了一名新女友去餐館，餐館服務(wù)員卻

招呼他坐在上次約會(huì)的女友身邊，并且為他準(zhǔn)備了與上次同樣的食品，包括他節(jié)食

忌用的漢堡，這樣的服務(wù)肯定會(huì)使喬做出負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)，因此選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B都不

對(duì)。此外，這個(gè)故事是為了指出濫用別人的個(gè)人資料會(huì)惹人討厭，因此可推斷喬對(duì)

餐廳服務(wù)員的做法會(huì)感到生氣。選項(xiàng)D雖然也是反面的評(píng)價(jià)，但是這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能

表明喬不介意自己的資料被盜用，只是覺得餐廳服務(wù)員使用的時(shí)候不夠靈活，這與

文章的主題不符。

2、Theauthormakesuptherestaurantstoryinorderto.

A、showthegoodserviceofferedinsomeWebrestaurants

B、criticizesomerestaurantsfortooconsiderateservice

C>showtheInternet'sabilitytocollectdataonyou

D.provetheincrediblepoweroftheInternet

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本題考查例子與主題之間的關(guān)系。答題的依據(jù)是第1段

最后兩句，文章指出餐館跟因特網(wǎng)一樣，它們都收集用戶的信息。選項(xiàng)A和B都

只涉及表面，選項(xiàng)D則不如選項(xiàng)C確切、具體。

3、Whatcanbelearnedabout"cookie"fromthesecondparagraph?

A、ItwasfirstcreatedbyMrs.Field.

B、Itcollectsinformationonyouwithoutyourknowingit

C、It'ssomeinformationsenttoyourcomputeraboutyourself.

D、It'sthelatestintechnology.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B~

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選擇依據(jù)是第2段第3句及第4句，選項(xiàng)B是對(duì)這兩句

話的歸納。選項(xiàng)A談的是可食用的甜餅，而不是本文敘述的用于收集用戶信息的

一種軟件。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)第2段第3、4句的歪曲理解。文章明確提到了cookie不是

最新的發(fā)明，選項(xiàng)D不正確。

4、Whatcanbelearnedabout"Alexa"fromthesecondparagraph?

A、AlexaisnamedafteranancientheroinEgypt.

B、Alexaisinstalledinlibraries.

C、Alexacancollectall(henecessarydataonyou.

D、Alexacanprovidemoredataformarketersthanacookie.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查夏雜句的理解，并涉及兩個(gè)事物的對(duì)比。第2

段介紹Alexa時(shí)，指明它doesevenmore,接著用while連接一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，

其主句是關(guān)于Alexa的信息，據(jù)此可以判斷選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A和B與原文不

符，容易排除。選項(xiàng)C指出Alexa能收集到所有必要的資料，這是對(duì)其作用的夸

大，實(shí)際上，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第3句，它收集的只是所有網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)的資料。

5、Whichofthefbllowirgwordscanbestreflecttheauthor'sattitudetocookiesand

Alexa?

A、Critical.

R、Suspicious.

C^Objective.

D、Optimistic.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。判斷依據(jù)是文中作者所使用的二些詞句，如：usually

withoutyourknowledge,soundscary及最后一句。這些顯示了作者對(duì)cookie和

Alexa持反對(duì)、批評(píng)的態(tài)度。

Afewdegreescanmakeabigdifferencewhenitcomestofoodstorage.Foodscango

badiftheygettoowarm.Butformanyoftheworld'spoor,findingagoodwaytokeep

foodcoolisdifficult.Refrigeratorsarecosilyandiheyneedelectricity.Yetspoiledfood

notonlycreateshealthrisksbutalsoeconomiclosses.Farmerslosemoneywhenthey

havetothrowawayproductsthattheycannotsellquickly.Butin1995ateacherin

northernNigerianamedMohammedBahAbbafoundasolution.Hedevelopedthe"Pol-

in-PotPreservation/CoolingSystem."Ituses2roundcontainersmadeofclay.Asmaller

potisplacedinsidealargerone.Thespacebetweenthe2potsisfilledwithwetsand.

Theinnerpotcanbefilledwithfruit,vegetablesordrinks.Awetclothcoversthewhole

coolingsystem.Foodstoredinthesmallerpotiskeptfromspoilingthroughasimple

evaporationprocess.Waterinthesandbetweenthe2potsevaporatesthroughthesurface

ofthelargerpot,wheredrieroutsideairismoving.Theevaporationprocesscreatesa

dropintemperatureofseveraldeg