選擇性必修第三冊UNIT7CAREERS(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(★)(2024·福建莆田質(zhì)檢)ActivitiesforNationalManufacturingDayTheSTEM(Science，Technology，EngineeringandMathematics)CareersCoalition(職業(yè)聯(lián)盟)offersstudentsandfamiliesnewSTEMresourcestoexploretheworldofmodernmanufacturing.Withover4millionmanufacturingrolespredictedtobeavailableinthenexttenyears，thenewresourcesfromthecoalitionconnecttoday’sstudentstothemanufacturingcareersoftomorrow.NationalManufacturingDayoccursonannuallythefirstFridayofOctobertomotivatetoday’sstudentstobecomethenextgenerationofinnovatorsleadingthemanufacturingindustry.Inordertosupportthiscelebration，thecoalitionoffersthreedifferentcollectionstoallstudents，educators，andfamiliesonmodernmanufacturingthatsupportlearningwhereverittakesplace.Thefollowingresourcesareavailabletoallatnocost：Manufacturing-focusedCareerProfilesExploretheprofilesofmanufacturingprofessionalsusingtheskillstheylearnedatschooltobecomethekindofproblem-solversthatmakeadifference.Maketheconnectionfromtheclassroomtocareersandfindouthowallstudentscanmakeitinmanufacturing.Hands-onStudentActivitiesFrominnovatingfoodpackagingtodiscoveringtheprinciplesofaccuratedesigntoexploringwatersustainability，at-home，hands-onlearningactivitieshelpstudentstakeSTEMskillsfromtheorytopractice.ClassroomActivitiesAccesstheno-cost，standardclassroomactivitiestosupportfuturecareersuccessforallstudents.EachactivityfeaturesimportantSTEMskillsandastep-by-stepguideforpromotingactivitiesintoclassroom.VirtualInteractiveFieldTripsEachvirtualexperiencefeaturesaccompanyingeducatorresourcesandstudentactivitiesthatmakeiteasyforteacherstoputthesemanufacturingeventsintothelearningexperiencestheydesignanddeliverdaily.Allresourcesareavailableatnocostat.1．WhatisthepurposeoftheSTEMCareersCoalition?A．Tocountthevacantjobsinmanufacturing.B．Toguidestudentstoworkonmanufacturing.C．Toreportthecurrentstateofmanufacturing.D．Toofferstudentspre-jobtraininginmanufacturing.2．Whichactivitywillintroducemanufacturingmasterstostudents?A．ClassroomActivities. B．Hands-onStudentActivities.C．VirtualInteractiveFieldTrips. D．Manufacturing-focusedCareerProfiles.3．Whatdotheactivitieshaveincommon?A．Theactivitiesarefreeofcharge.B．Alloftheactivitiesarevirtual.C．Onlystudentspracticeintheactivities.D．Theactivitiesareonlyexperiencedonline.B(★)(2024·湖南岳陽校際聯(lián)考)Jobsthatusebothtechnicalandcreativethinkingareamongthefastest-growingandhighest-payingones，accordingtoanewreportfromBurningGlassTechnologies，ajobmarketanalyticcompanyinBoston.Itstudiedmillionsofjobpostingstobetterunderstandtheskillscompaniesrequire.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatmanywantworkerswithexperienceinsuchnewabilitiesasbig-datagatheringandanalytic，ordesignusingdigitaltechnology.BurningGlasscameupwiththeterm“hybridjobs”todescribethesekindsofpositions，whichrequireskillsnotnormallyfoundtogether.Forexample，thesehybridjobsmightrequirepeoplewithskillsindatascienceandadvertising，orengineeringandsales.“Thejobsofthefuturedon’tinvolvejustoneskill，”saysMattSigelman，chiefmanagerofBurningGlass.Thecompanyexpectsgeneraljobgrowthofabout10%between2018and2028，butthehybridjobsby21%.What’smore，hybridjobspaymorethanpositionsthatcallforatraditionalsetofskills.Forexample，amarketingmanagermasteringadatabaseprogramgetspaid41%morethanatraditionalone，withanaverageyearlysalaryof$100,000.Moreover，anengineerwhoimproveshersalesskillsandbecomesaconsultingengineerforasoftwarecompanycanmorethandoubleherpayfrom$180,000to$400,000.Whiledatashowsthatworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillbeabletofindfewerjobs，peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate，withonly12%possibilityofbeingreplacedbymachine，comparedwith42%forgeneraljobs，saysBurningGlass.Hybridjobsaremostlynotbeginnerroles，sotheymainlygotoworkerswithyearsofexperienceand，mostimportantly，moretrainingafterleavingcollege.Thatmeansworkers，bossesandeducatorswillhavetothinkabouthowtobetterpreparepeoplefortheseroles.4．WhydidBurningGlassresearchintojobadvertisements?A．Tounderstandthegrowthofbest-paidworkers.B．Tocompareworkers’experiencewithnewabilities.C．Tofindoutcompanies’requirementsaboutskills.D．Totellthepossiblechangesinfuturejobmarket.5．Whichofthefollowingjobscanbehybrid?A．Dataengineer.B．Machineoperator.C．Marketingmanager.D．Medicalconsultant.6．Howmuchisatraditionalmarketingmanagerpossiblypaideveryyear?A．$180,000.B．$71,000.C．$41,000.D．$10,000.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．FutureJobsRequiring“Hybrid”Skills B．HowtoGetTrainedforJobsC．TipsonFindingFastest-growingJobs D．TheJobswithHighestPayCTotheSwedes，therearefewsmellsmorepleasantthanthatofsurstromming(鮮魚罐頭)．Tomostnon-Swedesthereareprobablyfewsmellsmoredisgusting.Indeterminingwhichscent(氣味)peoplefindpleasantandwhichtheydonot，surstrommingsuggestsculturemustplayalargepart.Newresearch，however，suggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamian，apsychologist，beganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Theyhadnoticedfromtheirownpreviousworkthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesdescribedsmellsdifferently.Theyalsoknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Thus，theyexpectedtoseeasimilarphenomenonwithsmells.Tostudyhowscentandculturerelate，Dr.ArshamianandDr.Majidpresentedninedifferentgroupsofpeoplewithtensmells.Theparticipantsvariedwidely.Theyincludedhunters，farmers，gardeners，andcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.TheteamcomparedtheirresultstoearlierworkonNewYorkerswhohadbeenexposedtothesamescent.Theresearchersnotedthatpleasantnessrankingsofthesmellswereremarkablyconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.Overall，thechemicalcompositionofthesmellsthattheresearcherspresentedexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrast，culturalfactorsaccountedforjust6%oftheresults.Dr.ArshamianandDr.Majidpointoutthatthisisverydifferentfromhowvisualperception(感知)offacesworks—inthatcaseaperson’scultureaccountsfor50%oftheexplanationforwhichfacestheyfindbeautiful.Whileculturedidnotshapeperceptionofsmellsinthewaythatitisknowntoshapeperceptionoffaces，theresearchersdidfindan“eyeofthebeholder”effect.Randomness，whichtheresearcherssuggesthastobecomingfrompersonalpreferenceslearnedfromoutsideindividualculture，accountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.The“eyeofthebeholder”effectdoesnotslipoffthetonguesoeasilybutitappearstobearealphenomenonalso.8．WhydidtheauthormentiontheSwedesinthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．ToshowSwedes’favouritescent.C．Tostressthepartofculture. D．Toillustratepeople’spreferenceforscent.9．WhichisTRUEaccordingtotheresultsofthestudy?A．Theteamdidn’trefertoearlierworkonNewYorkers.B．Thesubjectsinthestudycamefromthesameculture.C．Wherepeoplecamefromdidn’timpactthepleasantnessrankingsofthesmells.D．Culturalfactorsaccountedfor5%onhowvisualperception(感知)offacesworks.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthe“eyeofthebeholder”effect?A．ForSwedes，fewsmellsaremorepleasantthanthatofsurstromming.B．Peoplefindfacesbeautifuldifferentlybecauseoftheiridenticalcultures.C．The“eyeofthebeholder”effectisamistakedifferentfromitsoriginalmeaning.D．Personalpreferenceshavenothingtodowithpeople’spreferencesforscent.11．Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Abiologytextbook.C．Adietbrochure.D．Asciencemagazine.Ⅱ.七選五Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Talentisbelievedtobecrucialforbuildingastrongteam.1Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?2Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel，theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball，whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.3Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris，forexample，tryingtogainahig