2025年初中三年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)測(cè)試試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解PassageOneTheinternethasbecomeanindispensablepartofmodernlife.Itconnectspeopleacrosstheglobe,providesaccesstoawealthofinformation,andfacilitatescommunicationincountlessways.However,therapiddevelopmentandwidespreaduseoftheinternetalsobringaboutsomesignificantchallenges.Onemajorconcernistheissueofinformationoverload.Withcountlesswebsites,socialmediaplatforms,andonlinesourcesvyingforattention,itcanbedifficulttofilteroutrelevantandusefulinformationfromthesheervolumeofdataavailable.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofbeingoverwhelmedandmakeithardtofocusonspecifictasksorfindtheinformationneededefficiently.Anotherchallengeisthespreadofmisinformationandfakenews.Theeasewithwhichfalseinformationcanbecreatedandsharedonlineposesaseriousthreattoinformeddecision-makingandpublictrust.Individualsmayencountermisleadingcontentthatisintentionallydesignedtodeceiveormanipulatethem.Thiscanhavenegativeconsequencesonpersonalbeliefs,healthchoices,andevenpoliticalprocesses.Furthermore,excessiveinternetusecancontributetosocialisolationandadeclineinface-to-faceinteractions.Whiletheinternetconnectspeopledigitally,itcansometimescreatephysicaldistanceandreduceopportunitiesformeaningfulin-personcommunication,potentiallyimpactingmentalwell-beingandthestrengthofsocialbonds.Despitethesechallenges,theinternetremainsapowerfultoolthatoffersnumerousbenefits.Itenablespeopletolearnnewskills,accesseducationalresources,andstayconnectedwithfriendsandfamilyregardlessofgeographicaldistance.Onlinecommunitiesprovideplatformsforsharingideas,supportingcauses,andfindinglike-mindedindividuals.Theinternetalsoplaysacrucialroleintheeconomy,offeringopportunitiesforwork,commerce,andentrepreneurship.Therefore,itisessentialforindividualstodevelopdigitalliteracyskills,learnhowtocriticallyevaluateonlineinformation,andusetheinternetresponsiblyandmindfullytomaximizeitsbenefitswhileminimizingthepotentialdrawbacks.Questions:1.Whatisthemainproblemdiscussedinthefirstparagraph?2.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitchallengingtofilterusefulinformationfromtheinternet?3.Whatkindofcontentposesaseriousthreattopublictrust,accordingtothepassage?4.Besidessocialisolation,whatothernegativeimpactdoesexcessiveinternetusehaveonpeople,asmentionedinthepassage?5.Whataresomeofthepositiveaspectsofusingtheinternet,ashighlightedinthesecondparagraph?6.Whatadvicedoesthepassageimplicitlysuggestforusersoftheinternet?PassageTwoInmanycultures,traditionalfoodsarenotjustmeals;theyareaconnectiontohistory,family,andidentity.Thesedishesoftencarrystoriespasseddownthroughgenerations,representingtheheritageandvaluesofacommunity.Forexample,aspecificholidaymightbeincompletewithoutitstraditionaldish,whichbringspeopletogetherandreinforcessharedculturalexperiences.Thepreparationandsharingofthesefoodscanalsostrengthenfamilybondsandcreatelastingmemories.However,theprevalenceoffastfoodandglobalcuisinehasledtoconcernsaboutthefutureoftraditionalfoodsinsomeregions.Asyoungergenerationsbecomeincreasinglyexposedtoconvenient,processedfoods,thereisariskthattraditionalcookingmethodsandrecipescouldbelost.Thisdeclinecanweakenculturaltiesandreducethediversityofculinarytraditions.Effortsarebeingmadebyvariouscommunitiestopreserveandpromotetheirtraditionalfoods.Thisincludesorganizingfoodfestivals,startingcommunitycookingclasses,anddocumentingrecipesandcookingtechniques.Theseinitiativesaimtoensurethattraditionalfoodsremainanintegralpartofculturalidentityandarepassedontofuturegenerations.Thesignificanceoftraditionalfoodsextendsbeyondculturalpreservation.Thesefoodsoftenincorporatelocallysourcedingredientsandtraditionalcookingpractices,whichcanbemoresustainableandhealthierthanindustrializedfoodproduction.Furthermore,theactofpreparingandenjoyingtraditionalmealstogethercancontributetocommunitybuildingandsocialcohesion.Itprovidesanopportunityforpeopletolearnabouttheirheritageandsharetheirculturewithothers.Therefore,protectingandvaluingtraditionalfoodsisnotonlyaboutpreservingculinaryhistorybutalsoaboutmaintainingculturaldiversity,promotingwell-being,andstrengtheningcommunityconnectionsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Questions:7.Whatroledotraditionalfoodsplayincultureaccordingtothepassage?8.Whatisamajorconcernregardingtraditionalfoodsmentionedinthesecondparagraph?9.Howcantraditionalcookingmethodsbeprotected,assuggestedinthepassage?10.Besidesculturalpreservation,whatotherbenefitsdotraditionalfoodsoffer,asmentionedinthepassage?11.Whatdoesthepassageimplyabouttherelationshipbetweentraditionalfoodsandcommunitybuilding?12.Accordingtotheauthor,whyisitimportanttopassontraditionalfoodstofuturegenerations?PassageThreeAdolescenceisaperiodofsignificantphysical,emotional,andsocialchange.Duringtheseyears,teenagersnavigatethecomplexitiesofgrowingup,developingtheiridentity,andformingrelationships.Itisatimefilledwithbothexcitementandchallenges.Onecommonchallengeisthepressuretoperformwellacademicallywhilealsodealingwiththephysicalchangesofpuberty.Thesehormonalshiftscanaffectmoodandenergylevels,sometimesmakingitdifficulttofocusonstudiesormaintainconsistentroutines.Peerrelationshipsbecomeincreasinglyimportantduringadolescence.Friendsprovidesupport,validation,andasenseofbelonging.However,navigatingsocialdynamicsandpeerpressurecanalsobedemanding.Teenagersmayfacesituationswheretheyfeeltheneedtoconformtogroupnorms,evenifitgoesagainsttheirownvalues.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofanxietyorconflict.Additionally,thequestforindependenceoftenputsteenagersinconflictwithadults,particularlyparents.Astheystrivetodefinetheirownidentities,theymaychallengerulesandboundaries,seekingmoreautonomyanddecision-makingpower.Despitethechallenges,adolescenceisalsoatimeofincrediblepotentialandgrowth.Itisaperiodforexploringinterests,developingtalents,andbuildingfoundationalskillsforfutureadulthood.Learningtomanagestress,resolveconflicts,andmakeresponsibledecisionsarecruciallessonslearnedduringtheseyears.Supportfromfamily,friends,andmentorsplaysavitalroleinhelpingteenagersnavigatethiscomplexstage.Byprovidingguidance,understanding,andasupportiveenvironment,adultscanhelpadolescentsdevelopresilience,confidence,andapositiveoutlookastheytransitionintoadulthood.Questions:13.Whataresomeofthechangesteenagersexperienceduringadolescence,asmentionedinthepassage?14.Whyarepeerrelationshipsparticularlysignificantforteenagers,accordingtothepassage?15.Whatkindofinternalconflictmightteenagersexperienceastheyseekindependence,asdescribedinthepassage?16.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomepositiveaspectsofadolescence?17.Whatroledoessupportfromothersplayinhelpingteenagersduringthislifestage?第二部分閱讀理解PassageFourUrbanizationistheprocessbywhichruralareastransformintocitiesandtowns,leadingtotheconcentrationofpopulationsinurbancenters.Thisphenomenonhasbeenoccurringatanunprecedentedrategloballyoverthepastseveraldecades,drivenbyfactorssuchaseconomicopportunities,betteraccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andimprovedlivingstandards.Whileurbanizationoffersnumerousadvantages,italsopresentssignificantenvironmental,social,andeconomicchallenges.Oneoftheprimaryenvironmentalimpactsofrapidurbanizationisincreasedpollution.Thehigherconcentrationofpeopleandvehiclesincitiesleadstogreaterairpollution,noisepollution,andwaterpollution.Urbanareasalsoconsumevastamountsofenergy,contributingtohighercarbonemissionsandclimatechange.Additionally,theexpansionofurbaninfrastructureoftenleadstodeforestationandhabitatdestructionasnaturalspacesareconvertedforhousinganddevelopment.Thiscanhaveadetrimentaleffectonbiodiversityandecosystemservices.Socialchallengesassociatedwithurbanizationincludeissuesrelatedtohousing,infrastructure,andpublicservices.Ascitiesgrow,providingadequatehousingforarapidlyincreasingpopulationbecomesamajorchallenge,oftenleadingtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums.Thestrainoninfrastructure,suchastransportationnetworks,sanitationsystems,andutilities,canalsoincreasesignificantly.Accesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservicesmaybecomeuneven,withmarginalizedgroupsoftenfacinggreaterdisadvantages.Furthermore,rapidurbanizationcanleadtosocialisolationandadeclineincommunitycohesionaspeoplebecomemoreanonymousinlarge,diversepopulations.Questions:18.Whatisurbanizationdefinedasinthecontextofthepassage?19.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthemaindriversthatcontributetourbanization?20.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalproblemscausedbytheconcentrationofpopulationsinurbanareas?21.Howcantheexpansionofurbaninfrastructurenegativelyimpactnaturalspaces,asmentionedinthepassage?22.Besidesenvironmentalissues,whatothersocialproblemsarehighlightedaschallengesofurbanization?23.Whatchallengeisassociatedwithprovidinghousingforagrowingurbanpopulation,asdescribedinthepassage?PassageFiveTheconceptof"gigeconomy"referstoalabormarketcharacterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs.Thismodelhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,fueledbytheriseofdigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers.Whilethegigeconomyoffersflexibilityandautonomyforworkers,allowingthemtochoosetheirownhoursandprojects,italsopresentscertaindrawbacksanduncertainties.Oneofthemainadvantagesforworkersinthegigeconomyistheflexibilityitoffers.Individualscanoftenchoosewhenandwheretheywork,allowingforabetterwork-lifebalanceandtheabilitytopursuemultipleprojectssimultaneously.Thiscanbeparticularlyappealingtothosewhovalueindependenceanddonotwanttobetiedtoatraditional9-to-5schedule.Additionally,thegigeconomyprovidesopportunitiesforpeopletoearnincomethroughskillstheypossess,eveniftheydonothavealong-termjobcommitment.Itcanserveasavaluablesourceofsupplementaryincomeorawaytogainexperienceindifferentfields.However,thelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsisasignificantconcernassociatedwithgigwork.Unliketraditionalemployment,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivebenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Thiscanleavethemvulnerabletofinancialinstability,especiallyduringperiodsoflowdemandorunexpectedpersonalneeds.Furthermore,gigworkersoftenfaceuncertaintyregardingincome,asitcanfluctuatesignificantlybasedontheavailabilityofworkandmarketconditions.Theabsenceofastableincomestreamcanmakefinancialplanningchallenging.Additionally,thelackofaformalemploymentrelationshipcanmakeitdifficultforgigworkerstoseeklegalrecourseorprotectionsiftheyencounterissueswithclientsorplatforms.Questions:24.Whatisthegigeconomy,asdefinedinthepassage?25.Whataresomeofthebenefitsofworkinginthegigeconomyforindividuals,asmentionedinthepassage?26.Whyisincomeinstabilityachallengeforgigworkers,accordingtothepassage?27.Whatkindofbenefitsaretypicallynotprovidedtogigworkers,asdescribedinthepassage?28.Besidesfinancialinstability,whatotherissuerelatedtolegalprotectionismentionedasaconcernforgigworkers?29.Accordingtotheauthor,whathasfueledthegrowthofthegigeconomyinrecentyears?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解PassageOne1.Informationoverload.*解析思路：文章第一段首句明確指出“Therapiddevelopmentandwidespreaduseoftheinternetalsobringaboutsomesignificantchallenges”，并緊接著在第一句具體描述了第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)“theissueofinformationoverload”。因此，信息過載是第一段討論的主要問題。2.Becausethereisasheervolumeofdataavailablefromcountlesswebsites,socialmediaplatforms,andonlinesources,makingitdifficulttofilteroutrelevantinformation.*解析思路：文章第一段第三句解釋了信息過載的原因，“Withcountlesswebsites,socialmediaplatforms,andonlinesourcesvyingforattention,itcanbedifficulttofilteroutrelevantandusefulinformationfromthesheervolumeofdataavailable.”這句話說明了由于來源眾多、數(shù)據(jù)量巨大，導(dǎo)致難以篩選出相關(guān)信息。3.Misinformationandfakenews.*解析思路：文章第二段首句直接提出“Anotherchallengeisthespreadofmisinformationandfakenews”，明確指出虛假信息和假新聞是另一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)，并且該段后續(xù)內(nèi)容也圍繞其危害進(jìn)行闡述。4.Itcancontributetosocialisolationandadeclineinface-to-faceinteractions.*解析思路：文章第二段末句說明了過度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的另一個(gè)負(fù)面影響，“Furthermore,excessiveinternetusecancontributetosocialisolationandadeclineinface-to-faceinteractions.”這句直接指出了社交隔離和面對(duì)面交流減少的問題。5.Itenablespeopletolearnnewskills,accesseducationalresources,andstayconnectedwithfriendsandfamilyregardlessofgeographicaldistance;italsoprovidesplatformsforsharingideas,supportingcauses,andfindinglike-mindedindividuals;theinternetalsoplaysacrucialroleintheeconomy,offeringopportunitiesforwork,commerce,andentrepreneurship.*解析思路：文章第二段通過“Therefore,itisessentialforindividualstodevelopdigitalliteracyskills,learnhowtocriticallyevaluateonlineinformation,andusetheinternetresponsiblyandmindfullytomaximizeitsbenefitswhileminimizingthepotentialdrawbacks.”這句話前半部分列舉了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的諸多益處，包括學(xué)習(xí)技能、獲取資源、保持聯(lián)系、分享想法、支持事業(yè)、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)等，這些都是在第二段中明確提到的。6.Usersshoulddevelopdigitalliteracyskills,criticallyevaluateonlineinformation,andusetheinternetresponsiblyandmindfully.*解析思路：文章第二段最后一句隱含建議，“itisessentialforindividualstodevelopdigitalliteracyskills,learnhowtocriticallyevaluateonlineinformation,andusetheinternetresponsiblyandmindfully”，即人們需要培養(yǎng)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)、批判性評(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息，并負(fù)責(zé)任、有意識(shí)地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。這是對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者提出的建議。PassageTwo7.Traditionalfoodsconnectpeopletohistory,family,andidentity;theycarrystoriespasseddownthroughgenerations,representingtheheritageandvaluesofacommunity;theybringpeopletogetherandreinforcesharedculturalexperiences.*解析思路：文章第一段通過“However,therapiddevelopmentandwidespreaduseoftheinternetalsobringaboutsomesignificantchallenges.Onemajorconcernistheissueofinformationoverload.”這句話點(diǎn)明了傳統(tǒng)食物在文化中的重要性，即它們是歷史、家庭和身份的連接點(diǎn)，承載著世代相傳的故事，代表著社區(qū)的文化遺產(chǎn)和價(jià)值觀，并能帶來人們團(tuán)聚和加強(qiáng)共享文化體驗(yàn)。8.Thedeclineoftraditionalcookingmethodsandrecipes;theweakeningofculturaltiesandreductionofculinarytraditions.*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出“However,theprevalenceoffastfoodandglobalcuisinehasledtoconcernsaboutthefutureoftraditionalfoodsinsomeregions.Asyoungergenerationsbecomeincreasinglyexposedtoconvenient,processedfoods,thereisariskthattraditionalcookingmethodsandrecipescouldbelost.”這句話說明了傳統(tǒng)食物面臨的主要問題是傳統(tǒng)烹飪方法和食譜的衰落，以及文化紐帶的減弱和烹飪傳統(tǒng)的減少。9.Byorganizingfoodfestivals,startingcommunitycookingclasses,anddocumentingrecipesandcookingtechniques.*解析思路：文章第二段后半部分提到了保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)食物的努力，“Effortsarebeingmadebyvariouscommunitiestopreserveandpromotetheirtraditionalfoods.Thisincludesorganizingfoodfestivals,startingcommunitycookingclasses,anddocumentingrecipesandcookingtechniques.”這些措施包括組織美食節(jié)、開設(shè)社區(qū)烹飪課和記錄食譜及烹飪技巧。10.Traditionalfoodsincorporatelocallysourcedingredientsandtraditionalcookingpractices,whichcanbemoresustainableandhealthier;theactofpreparingandenjoyingtraditionalmealstogethercancontributetocommunitybuildingandsocialcohesion.*解析思路：文章第三段闡述了傳統(tǒng)食物的其他益處，“Thesignificanceoftraditionalfoodsextendsbeyondculturalpreservation.Thesefoodsoftenincorporatelocallysourcedingredientsandtraditionalcookingpractices,whichcanbemoresustainableandhealthierthanindustrializedfoodproduction.Furthermore,theactofpreparingandenjoyingtraditionalmealstogethercancontributetocommunitybuildingandsocialcohesion.”這段指出了傳統(tǒng)食物在可持續(xù)性、健康以及社區(qū)建設(shè)和社會(huì)凝聚力方面的好處。11.Traditionalfoodsprovideanopportunityforpeopletolearnabouttheirheritageandsharetheirculturewithothers,whichhelpsbuildcommunitybonds.*解析思路：文章第三段最后一句說明了保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)食物對(duì)于社區(qū)建設(shè)的作用，“Itprovidesanopportunityforpeopletolearnabouttheirheritageandsharetheirculturewithothers.Therefore,protectingandvaluingtraditionalfoodsisnotonlyaboutpreservingculinaryhistorybutalsoaboutmaintainingculturaldiversity,promotingwell-being,andstrengtheningcommunityconnectionsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.”這句話暗示了傳統(tǒng)食物通過讓人們了解自己的遺產(chǎn)和分享自己的文化，有助于建立社區(qū)聯(lián)系。12.Becauseprotectingandvaluingtraditionalfoodsisnotonlyaboutpreservingculinaryhistorybutalsoaboutmaintainingculturaldiversity,promotingwell-being,andstrengtheningcommunityconnectionsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.*解析思路：文章第三段最后一句強(qiáng)調(diào)了傳遞傳統(tǒng)食物給后代的重要性，“Therefore,protectingandvaluingtraditionalfoodsisnotonlyaboutpreservingculinaryhistorybutalsoaboutmaintainingculturaldiversity,promotingwell-being,andstrengtheningcommunityconnectionsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.”這句話說明了傳遞傳統(tǒng)食物是為了保護(hù)烹飪歷史、維護(hù)文化多樣性、促進(jìn)福祉以及加強(qiáng)全球化背景下的社區(qū)聯(lián)系。PassageThree13.Teenagersexperiencephysicalchangesofpuberty(suchashormonalshiftsaffectingmoodandenergylevels),emotionalchanges(suchasfeelingsofanxietyorconflict),andsocialchanges(suchasnavigatingpeerrelationshipsandpeerpressure).*解析思路：文章第一段描述了青少年經(jīng)歷的轉(zhuǎn)變，“Adolescenceisaperiodofsignificantphysical,emotional,andsocialchange.Duringtheseyears,teenagersnavigatethecomplexitiesofgrowingup,developingtheiridentity,andformingrelationships.Itisatimefilledwithbothexcitementandchallenges.”并具體說明了這些變化包括身體上的（荷爾蒙變化）、情緒上的（焦慮或沖突）以及社會(huì)上的（處理同伴關(guān)系和壓力）。14.Becausefriendsprovidesupport,validation,andasenseofbelonging;peerrelationshipsbecomeincreasinglyimportantduringadolescenceasteenagersdeveloptheiridentityandformrelationships.*解析思路：文章第二段解釋了同伴關(guān)系的重要性，“Peerrelationshipsbecomeincreasinglyimportantduringadolescence.Friendsprovidesupport,validation,andasenseofbelonging.However,navigatingsocialdynamicsandpeerpressurecanalsobedemanding.”這段說明了朋友提供支持、認(rèn)可和歸屬感，而在青少年時(shí)期，同伴關(guān)系變得越來越重要，因?yàn)榍嗌倌暝诎l(fā)展身份和建立關(guān)系。15.Teenagersmayfacesituationswheretheyfeeltheneedtoconformtogroupnorms,evenifitgoesagainsttheirownvalues,leadingtointernalconflictastheystriveforindependenceandchallengerulesandboundaries.*解析思路：文章第二段描述了尋求獨(dú)立時(shí)的內(nèi)部沖突，“Additionally,thequestforindependenceoftenputsteenagersinconflictwithadults,particularlyparents.Astheystrivetodefinetheirownidentities,theymaychallengerulesandboundaries,seekingmoreautonomyanddecision-makingpower.”這句話說明了青少年在尋求獨(dú)立時(shí)，可能會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)規(guī)則和界限，這與他們自己的價(jià)值觀相悖，導(dǎo)致了內(nèi)部沖突。16.Adolescenceisaperiodforexploringinterests,developingtalents,andbuildingfoundationalskillsforfutureadulthood;learningtomanagestress,resolveconflicts,andmakeresponsibledecisionsarecruciallessonslearnedduringtheseyears.*解析思路：文章第三段闡述了青春期的積極方面，“Despitethechallenges,adolescenceisalsoatimeofincrediblepotentialandgrowth.Itisaperiodforexploringinterests,developingtalents,andbuildingfoundationalskillsforfutureadulthood.Learningtomanagestress,resolveconflicts,andmakeresponsibledecisionsarecruciallessonslearnedduringtheseyears.”這段指出了探索興趣、發(fā)展才能、為成年生活打下基礎(chǔ)，以及學(xué)習(xí)管理壓力、解決沖突和做出負(fù)責(zé)任的決定等積極方面。17.Supportfromfamily,friends,andmentorsplaysavitalroleinhelpingteenagersnavigatethiscomplexstagebyprovidingguidance,understanding,andasupportiveenvironment,whichhelpsdevelopresilience,confidence,andapositiveoutlook.*解析思路：文章第三段最后一句說明了支持的作用，“Byprovidingguidance,understanding,andasupportiveenvironment,adultscanhelpadolescentsdevelopresilience,confidence,andapositiveoutlookastheytransitionintoadulthood.”這句話說明了來自家人、朋友和導(dǎo)師的支持至關(guān)重要，它通過提供指導(dǎo)、理解和支持性環(huán)境，幫助青少年應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)復(fù)雜的階段，并培養(yǎng)他們的韌性、自信和積極態(tài)度。第二部分閱讀理解PassageFour18.Itistheprocessbywhichruralareastransformintocitiesandtowns,leadingtotheconcentrationofpopulationsinurbancenters.*解析思路：文章第一段首句對(duì)城市化進(jìn)行了定義，“Urbanizationistheprocessbywhichruralareastransformintocitiesandtowns,leadingtotheconcentrationofpopulationsinurbancenters.”這句話明確說明了城市化的定義。19.Someofthemaindriversareeconomicopportunities,betteraccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andimprovedlivingstandards.*解析思路：文章第一段第二句列舉了城市化發(fā)生的原因，“Thisphenomenonhasbeenoccurringatanunprecedentedrategloballyoverthepastseveraldecades,drivenbyfactorssuchaseconomicopportunities,betteraccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andimprovedlivingstandards.”這句話說明了主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力包括經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)、更好的教育和醫(yī)療保健以及更高的生活水準(zhǔn)。20.Theconcentrationofpopulationsinurbanareasleadstoincreasedpollution(airpollution,noisepollution,andwaterpollution);urbanareasalsoconsumevastamountsofenergy,contributingtohighercarbonemissionsandclimatechange.*解析思路：文章第二段首句說明了城市人口集中的環(huán)境問題，“Oneoftheprimaryenvironmentalimpactsofrapidurbanizationisincreasedpollution.Thehigherconcentrationofpeopleandvehiclesincitiesleadstogreaterairpollution,noisepollution,andwaterpollution.”這句話說明了城市人口集中導(dǎo)致污染增加，包括空氣污染、噪音污染和水污染。第二句進(jìn)一步說明了能源消耗和碳排放問題，“Urbanareasalsoconsumevastamountsofenergy,contributingtohighercarbonemissionsandclimatechange.”21.Astheexpansionofurbaninfrastructureoftenleadstodeforestationandhabitatdestructionasnaturalspacesareconvertedforhousinganddevelopment,whichnegativelyimpactsbiodiversityandecosystemservices.*解析思路：文章第二段末句描述了城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施擴(kuò)張對(duì)自然空間的影響，“Furthermore,theexpansionofurbaninfrastructureoftenleadstodeforestationandhabitatdestructionasnaturalspacesareconvertedforhousinganddevelopment.Thiscanhaveadetrimentaleffectonbiodiversityandecosystemservices.”這句話說明了城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的擴(kuò)張往往導(dǎo)致森林砍伐和棲息地破壞，因?yàn)樽匀豢臻g被改造成住房和開發(fā)用地，這對(duì)生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)有負(fù)面影響。22.Socialproblemsincludeissuesrelatedtohousing(adequatehousingforarapidlyincreasingpopulationbecomesamajorchallenge,oftenleadingtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums),infrastructure(strainontransportationnetworks,sanitationsystems,andutilitiescanincreasesignificantly),andpublicservices(accesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservicesmaybecomeuneven,withmarginalizedgroupsoftenfacinggreaterdisadvantages).*解析思路：文章第三段描述了社會(huì)問題，“Socialchallengesassociatedwithurbanizationincludeissuesrelatedtohousing,infrastructure,andpublicservices.Ascitiesgrow,providingadequatehousingforarapidlyincreasingpopulationbecomesamajorchallenge,oftenleadingtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums.Thestrainoninfrastructure,suchastransportationnetworks,sanitationsystems,andutilities,canalsoincreasesignificantly.Accesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservicesmaybecomeuneven,withmarginalizedgroupsoftenfacinggreaterdisadvantages.”這段說明了住房問題（為快速增長的人口提供充足住房成為主要挑戰(zhàn)，常常導(dǎo)致非正式定居點(diǎn)或貧民窟的出現(xiàn)）、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施問題（交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)、衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)和公用事業(yè)的壓力會(huì)顯著增加）以及公共服務(wù)問題（獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)教育、醫(yī)療保健和其他基本服務(wù)可能變得不平等，邊緣化群體往往面臨更大的不利條件）。23.Providinghousingforagrowingurbanpopulationbecomesamajorchallenge,oftenleadingtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslumsduetothestrainonurbaninfrastructure.*解析思路：文章第三段首句說明了住房挑戰(zhàn)，“Ascitiesgrow,providingadequatehousingforarapidlyincreasingpopulationbecomesamajorchallenge,oftenleadingtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums.”這句話說明了隨著城市的發(fā)展，為快速增長的人口提供充足住房成為一大挑戰(zhàn)，常常導(dǎo)致非正式定居點(diǎn)或貧民窟的出現(xiàn)。PassageFive24.Itreferstoalabormarketcharacterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs.*解析思路：文章第一段首句對(duì)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行了定義，“Theconceptof'gigeconomy'referstoalabormarketcharacterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs.”這句話明確說明了零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的定義。25.Thebenefitsincludeflexibility(allowingworkerstochoosetheirown