2025年大學(xué)《菲律賓語(yǔ)》專業(yè)題庫(kù)——菲律賓語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義研究考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、名詞解釋（每題5分，共20分）1.Aglomerales2.Verbos-Aglomerales3.AktibongKasulatan(ActiveCopula)4.Pumukel,Pumagat,Pumasa(pum-group)二、填空題（每空2分，共20分）1.Thehelperverb`akó`primarilyindicatesthe_______ofthesentencesubject.2.Thehelperverb`ni`isoftenusedtoindicatethe_______oftheaction,oftenimplyingpassivityortherecipientoftheaction.3.Thehelperverb`mag-`intheforms`ma-`or`mga-`frequentlyexpressestheconceptof_______orinherentability.4.Thehelperverb`yari`generallyconveysasenseof_______oracompletedactionthatstillhasrelevance.5.Thehelperverb`nag-`typicallysuggestsanactionthatwas_______inthepastorahabitualaction.6.Whenusedwithatransitiveverb,themainverboftentakesthe_______form.7.Thehelperverb`sa`canindicatethe_______ordirectionofmovement.8.Thehelperverb`ng`commonlysignifiesthe_______orobjectoftheaction.9.Thechoicebetween`akó`,`ikaw`,and`sila`helpstoconveydistinctionsin_______andsocialcontext.10.Thehelperverb`pum`(e.g.,pumukel)generallymarksthe_______ofanaction.三、選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowinghelperverbsprimarilymarksthecompletionofanaction?a)nag-b)yaric)pumukeld)ma-2.Thesentence"Naglalaroakosalabas."useswhichhelperverbtoindicateapastorhabitualaction?a)mag-b)pum-c)nag-d)yari3.Whatisthefunctionofthehelperverb`ni`inthesentence"binuksanniyaangpinto"?a)Marksthesubjectb)Indicatespossessionc)Signifiestheobjectorrecipientoftheactiond)Expressesability4.Theform`mga-`withthemainverbusuallyimplies?a)Futuretenseb)Singularsubjectc)Inherentabilityorpossibilityd)Pluralsubject5.Whichhelperverbismostcommonlyusedwithstativeverbstoformapresentcontinuous-likeconstruction?a)yarib)pa-c)hin-d)Noneoftheabove(stativeverbstypicallydon'tusehelperverbsforcontinuousaspect)6.Thesentence"Maglalaroakongayon."useswhichhelperverb?a)nag-b)pum-c)mag-d)yari7.Whatsemanticmeaningdoesthehelperverb`sa`usuallyconveywhenattachedtoaverbofmotion?a)Instrumentb)Location/Directionc)Frequencyd)Possession8.Theuseof`sila`insteadof`ikaw`in"Silanaglaro."generallyindicates?a)Futureactionb)Thirdpersonsingularc)Moreformalityorrespectd)Inability9.Whichhelperverboftenindicatesachangeofstateorcondition?a)nag-b)yaric)pa-d)balang10.Thehelperverb`ng`in"Kinainkoito."indicates?a)Thesubjectb)Theobjectc)Thelocationd)Thetime四、句子分析題（每題8分，共24分）1.Analyzethesemanticfunctionofthehelperverb`nag-`andthemainverb`laro`inthesentence:"Naglalarosiyasaparke."Discusswhat`nag-`contributestothemeaningbeyondjustmarkingthepasttense.2.Compareandcontrastthesemanticmeaningofthetwosentences:*"Magkakainkami."(Using`mag-`)*"Kamiaynakaingon."(Using`ay`asanactivecopula,nomainverbexplicitlyconjugated)Explaintheroleof`mag-`versustheabsenceofamainverbandtheactivecopula`ay`inconveyingmeaning.3.Considerthesentence:"Pumuntasiyasaschool."Analyzethecontributionofthehelperverb`pum-`totheoverallmeaning,specificallyregardingtheaspectorcompletionoftheactionofgoingtoschool.Howdoesitsmeaningdifferfromasimplestatementlike"Siyaumuwi."五、改錯(cuò)題（每題5分，共10分）1.Thesentence"Nagpaabotakoyunglihamkosakuya."impliestheletterwassentbutnotnecessarilyreceived.Identifythehelperverbandexplainhowchangingit(e.g.,to`yari`)mightalterthemeaningregardingcompletion.2.Inthesentence"Silamgamag-aaralnagtaposnangpagsusulit,"identifytwohelperverbsandexplaintheirrespectivesemanticfunctionsindescribingthestateoractionofthestudents.六、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共20分）1.Explainthedifferentsemanticnuancesbetweenthehelperverbs`mag-`(mag-,ma-,mga-),`pum-`(pumukel,pumagat,pumasa),and`nag-`.Provideexamplesentencesillustratingeachverb'sprimarymeaningandfunction.2.Discussthesemanticroleofthesubjecthelperverbs(`akó`,`ikaw`,`sila`,etc.)beyondsimplyindicatingpersonandnumber.Howdotheycontributetothesocialmeaningorformalityofasentence?試卷答案一、名詞解釋1.Aglomerales:指的是菲律賓語(yǔ)中用來(lái)附著在主要?jiǎng)釉~上，幫助表達(dá)各種語(yǔ)法意義（如時(shí)態(tài)、體、語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等）的輔助性詞類或動(dòng)詞。它們本身不能獨(dú)立使用。*解析思路:此題考察對(duì)菲律賓語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系統(tǒng)基本概念的理解。Aglomerales是這些輔助動(dòng)詞的總稱，是菲律賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵特征。2.Verbos-Aglomerales:這是Aglomerales的另一種常見(jiàn)說(shuō)法，指代同一概念，即輔助動(dòng)詞或詞綴動(dòng)詞。*解析思路:此題考察對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)的等價(jià)表達(dá)和基本概念的掌握。與第一題概念相同，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生是否能識(shí)別不同術(shù)語(yǔ)。3.AktibongKasulatan:指菲律賓語(yǔ)中用作系動(dòng)詞（linkingverb），連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)（通常是形容詞或名詞），并表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)或身份的助動(dòng)詞，如`ay`,`da`,`ga`。它不表示動(dòng)作。*解析思路:此題考察對(duì)菲律賓語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞概念的理解，特別是主動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，以區(qū)別于標(biāo)記主要?jiǎng)釉~的Aglomerales。4.Pumukel,Pumagat,Pumasa(pum-group):這是菲律賓語(yǔ)中表示“完成”或“經(jīng)歷”意義的一組助動(dòng)詞。`pumukel`(from`kELeN`-tofinish),`pumagat`(from`mag-ATeN`-tofinishdoing),`pumasa`(from`pAsaN`-topassthrough/finish).Theyindicatethatanactionhasreachedastateofcompletion.*解析思路:此題考察對(duì)特定助動(dòng)詞組及其核心語(yǔ)義的理解。要求學(xué)生知道這組詞的存在及其基本含義。二、填空題1.person*解析思路:`akó`,`ikaw`,`sila`等主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞最核心的功能是標(biāo)示句子的主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)。2.object/recipient*解析思路:助動(dòng)詞`ni`通常用在及物動(dòng)詞后面，標(biāo)記動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο螅в斜粍?dòng)意味。3.ability/possibility*解析思路:`mag-`的變體`ma-`和`mga-`最常表達(dá)的是能力、可能性或事物固有的傾向性。4.change/completion*解析思路:`yari`通常表示狀態(tài)的變化，或者一個(gè)完成后的動(dòng)作仍然相關(guān)或產(chǎn)生影響。5.past/experience*解析思路:`nag-`最常用的語(yǔ)義是標(biāo)記過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或者表示過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷、習(xí)慣性行為。6.transitive*解析思路:當(dāng)一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞（有直接賓語(yǔ)）使用助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞通常采取不及物形式（沒(méi)有賓格標(biāo)記`-on`），助動(dòng)詞承擔(dān)了及物性。7.direction/location*解析思路:助動(dòng)詞`sa`可以和動(dòng)詞結(jié)合，表示動(dòng)作的方向、起點(diǎn)或地點(diǎn)。8.object*解析思路:`ng`是標(biāo)記直接賓語(yǔ)最常用的助動(dòng)詞，連接動(dòng)詞和其承受者。9.person/socialcontext*解析思路:主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞的選擇不僅表示人稱，也反映了說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人以及提及人物之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系和禮貌程度。10.completion*解析思路:`pum-`系列助動(dòng)詞的核心語(yǔ)義是標(biāo)記一個(gè)動(dòng)作的完成或經(jīng)歷。三、選擇題1.c)pumukel*解析思路:`pumukel`,`pumagat`,`pumasa`都屬于`pum-`組，核心意義是完成。`nag-`標(biāo)記過(guò)去/習(xí)慣，`yari`標(biāo)記變化/完成持續(xù)，`ma-`標(biāo)記能力。2.c)nag-*解析思路:`nag-`是表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作的最常見(jiàn)助動(dòng)詞之一。句子意思是“我過(guò)去在戶外玩”。3.c)Signifiestheobjectorrecipientoftheaction*解析思路:句子“他開(kāi)了門(mén)”中，`niya`是`binuksan`（開(kāi)）的間接賓語(yǔ)或承受者，標(biāo)記了動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。4.c)Inherentabilityorpossibility*解析思路:`ma-`和`mga-`是`mag-`的不定式形式，通常用于表達(dá)非強(qiáng)制性的能力、可能性或意愿。5.d)Noneoftheabove(stativeverbstypicallydon'tusehelperverbsforcontinuousaspect)*解析思路:菲律賓語(yǔ)中，描述狀態(tài)（如知道`alam`,想要`isipin`,美麗`maganda`）的動(dòng)詞通常不與表示進(jìn)行體的助動(dòng)詞（如`nag-`,`po-`）連用。連續(xù)體通常用于動(dòng)作。6.c)mag-*解析思路:句子“我現(xiàn)在在玩”表達(dá)的是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，使用的是`mag-`+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，類似于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。7.b)Location/Direction*解析思路:`sa`與表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞結(jié)合時(shí)，最常表示移動(dòng)的終點(diǎn)或目的地。8.c)Moreformalityorrespect*解析思路:在正式場(chǎng)合或表示尊敬時(shí)，通常使用`sila`而非`ikaw`。`sila`可以指第三人稱，也可以是一種禮貌的泛指。9.a)Thesubject*解析思路:`akó`,`ikaw`,`sila`等是主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)指代句子的主語(yǔ)，明確主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)。10.a)Thesubject*解析思路:`pum-`組助動(dòng)詞（pumukel,pumagat,pumasa）附著在主要?jiǎng)釉~前，與主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，它們的主要功能是標(biāo)記主語(yǔ)執(zhí)行動(dòng)作后的狀態(tài)或完成動(dòng)作，而不是標(biāo)記賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)通常由`ni`或`ng`標(biāo)記。四、句子分析題1.Inthesentence"Naglalarosiyasaparke,"thehelperverb`nag-`primarilyindicatesthattheactionofplayingoccurredinthepastorwasahabitualactioninthepast.Itprovidesthetemporalreference(past)andaspect(likelycompletedorhabitual).Whileitdoesmarkthepast,inthiscontext,itstronglyimpliesacompletedinstanceorpasthabitofplaying.Themainverb`laro`means'toplay'.Together,theyformthepasttenseform`Naglalaro`(from`mag-laro`),commonforpastactionsorstates.*解析思路:分析`nag-`在句子中的功能。`nag-`不僅標(biāo)記過(guò)去，還常帶有完成或習(xí)慣的含義。分析`Naglalaro`這個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組結(jié)構(gòu)，并將其與句子的整體語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系起來(lái)。2.In"Magkakainkami,"theverbform`Magkakain`(from`mag-Kain`)isusedwiththesubjecthelper`kami`.Thisstructuretypicallyexpressesafutureactionorapotentialactioninvolvingthesubject.Itimplies"Wewilleat"or"Wemighteat."In"Kamiaynakaingon,"theactivecopula`ay`linksthesubject`Kami`totheadjective`nakaingon`(meaning'eaten',butusedhereperhapsasadescriptionorimplyingaresult).Theverbisnotexplicitlyconjugated.Thissentencestructurefocusesonthestateorresultofthesubjectbeing'eaten'(passivemeaningconveyedthroughtheadjective`nakaingon`),ratherthananongoingorfutureactionofeating.Thecontrastliesin`Magkakain`focusingonapotential/future*action*bythesubject,while`Kamiaynakaingon`focusesonthe*state*or*result*relatedtothesubject.*解析思路:對(duì)比兩個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。第一個(gè)使用`mag-`+動(dòng)詞，通常表示未來(lái)或可能性。第二個(gè)使用系動(dòng)詞`ay`+形容詞，描述狀態(tài)或結(jié)果，帶有被動(dòng)意味。分析兩種結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義核心差異。3.Inthesentence"Pumuntasiyasaschool,"thehelperverb`pum-`(from`puntaN`-togotoaplace)indicatesthattheactionofgoingtoschoolhasbeencompletedorreachedastateofconclusion.Itmarkstheaspectoftheverb,suggestingtheactionmovedtowardsorcompletedthedestination.Unlikeasimplestatementlike"Siyaumuwi"(Hecomeshome),whichmightdescribeanongoingorhabitualaction(`umuwi`from`mag-uwi`),"Pumuntasiya"focusesonthecompletionorthefactthatthegoinghappened.The`pum-`groupverbsoftenemphasizetheculminationorresultoftheactiondescribedbythemainverb.*解析思路:分析`pum-`助動(dòng)詞在句子中的語(yǔ)義功能。將其與`umuwi`句子的謂語(yǔ)`umuwi`（`mag-`組，通常表示進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣）進(jìn)行對(duì)比，突出`pum-`標(biāo)記完成或結(jié)果的特點(diǎn)。五、改錯(cuò)題1.Inthesentence"Nagpaabotakoyunglihamkosakuya,"thehelperverbis`paabot`(from`paabot`-tosend).Itsuseindicatesthattheactionofsendingtheletterwascompletedbythespeaker(`ako`).Thesentenceimpliestheletterwas*sent*,butitsstatus(receivedornot)isuncertain.Changing`paabot`to`yari`(from`yariN`-tofinish/complete)wouldcreate"Yunglihamkoaynapaabotsakuya."Thisimpliesnotjustthattheletterwassent,butthatthe*actofsending*isnowcompleteorfinalized.Itmightslightlystrengthenthesenseofcompletionbeyondjusthavingsentit.*解析思路:識(shí)別句子中的助動(dòng)詞`paabot`及其含義（完成）。分析`paabot`與`yari`在表示“完成”時(shí)的細(xì)微語(yǔ)義差別。`paabot`更側(cè)重動(dòng)作本身完成，`yari`可以強(qiáng)調(diào)完成后的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。2.Inthesentence"Silamgamag-aaralnagtaposnangpagsusulit,"thetwohelperverbsare`mag-aaral`and`nagtapos`.*`mag-aaral`:Thisisthesubjecthelperverb(`siya`isimplied)indicatingthepersonhoodandlikelynumber(plural`mga`)ofthesubject("theywhostudy").Italsoslightlyimpliesthereasonoridentityrelatedtotheverbthatfollows.*`nagtapos`:Thisisthemainverbphrasehelper,derivedfrom`tapos`(tofinish/completion).Itindicatesthattheactionoffinishing/examiningthereviewoccurred.Together,thesentencemeans"Theystudentshavefinished/examinedthereview."`mag-aaral`setsupthesubjectgroup,and`nagtapos`describestheircompletedaction.*解析思路:識(shí)別句子中的兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞。分析第一個(gè)`mag-aaral`作為主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞的功能（標(biāo)示主語(yǔ)身份/人稱/數(shù)）。分析第二個(gè)`nagtapos`作為助動(dòng)詞的功能（標(biāo)記主要?jiǎng)釉~`tapos`的完成義）。六、簡(jiǎn)答題1.Thehelperverbs`mag-`(mag-,ma-,mga-),`pum-`(pumukel,pumagat,pumasa),and`nag-`havedistinctsemanticnuances:*`mag-`group(`mag-`,`ma-`,`mga-`):Primarilyexpressinherentability,possibility,potentiality,oranon-compulsoryintentiontodosomething.`ma-`and`mga-`areoftenusedforabstractabilitiesorpotentialities.Example:"Maglakadako"(Ican/willrun),"Mag-isipako"(Ican/willthink).`mag-`canalsobeusedforfuturepredictionsorsuggestions.*`pum-`group(`pumukel`,`pumagat`,`pumasa`):Generallyindicatethecompletionorconclusionofanaction.Theysuggestthatthesubjecthasfinisheddoingtheverb'saction.Example:"Pumukelkoangliham"(Ifinishedwritingtheletter),"Pumagatsiyasagabi"(Hefinishedstudyingatnight).*`nag-`:Typicallymarkspastactions(finishedactions)orhabitualactions(actionsdoneregularly