第1頁/共1頁2022北京首都師大附中高一12月月考英語本試卷共10頁，70分?？荚嚂r(shí)長60分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.Itookthehead____2____jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamtoplayagainstthe____3____teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto____4____thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheyweredependingonme.Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayand____6____passingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!FromtheexperienceIlearntalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercan____9____themembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedandencouragedthem.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves____10____,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luck B.tests C.efforts D.nature2.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching3.A.successful B.excellent C.strong D.new4.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand5.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship6.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practiced7.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor8.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers9.A.surprise B.serve C.interest D.affect10.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently第二節(jié)語法填空(共17小題;每小題1分，共17分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。China’slatestoptimization(優(yōu)選)ofitsdynamiczero-COVIDagreementswillhelptheearlyrenewal(恢復(fù))ofitscivilaviationindustry(民航業(yè)).Aimingformore____11____(science)andexactvirusprevention,Chinaintroducedtwentystepslastweek____12____(improve)epidemiccontrol,includingcancellingthesuspension(暫緩)ofaircarriers’operationsfortwoweekswhenfiveormorepassengerstestedpositiveon____13____(land)inChina.TheyalsoreduceCOVID-19quarantines(隔離期)forincoming____14____(visit)andclosecontactsfromtentoeightdays.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Frankenstein,____15____maincharacterisa“madscientist”whocreatesamonster,isa____16____(combine)ofGothichorrorstoryandsciencefiction.ThebooktellsthestoryofVictorFrankensteinwhocreatesanartificialmanfrompiecesofcorpsesandbringshiscreaturetolife.____17____itseeksaffectionatthebeginning,themonsterinspireshateineveryonewhomeetsit.Lonelyandmiserable,themonsterturnsitsbackonitscreator,____18____eventuallyloseshislife.ThenameFrankensteinhasbecome____19____(popular)attachedtothecreatureitself,whohasbecomeoneofthebest-known____20____(monster)inthehistoryofmotionpictures.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Asyoucansee,thereason____21____I’mheretotellthestoryisthatImadetherightdecision.SometimeafterIlefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,it____22____(pull)intothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soonafterthat,thewhirlpoolbecamelesswild.Thentheskywasclear,thewindcalmerandthemoonwasshining,Iwasstilltied____23____thebarrelandthewavessooncarriedmetoanarea____24____theotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.Thefishermenweremyoldfriends,buttheywere____25____(able)torecognizeme.WhenItoldthemmystory,theydidnotbelieveit.NowI____26____(tell)youandIcannotexpectyou____27____(believe)meanymorethanthefishermandid.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASonyWorldPhotographyAwardsOpenEyeGallery,LiverpoolNovember21—December10,2022Wednesday—Sunday:11:00am—4:00pm19MannIsland,LiverpoolWaterfront,Liverpool.TravelPhotographeroftheYearChesterCathedralDecember2—28,2022MondaytoSaturday:9:00am—5:00pm;Sunday:11:30am—4:00pm9AbbeySquare,Chester,CheshireAnexhibitionofselectedwinningimagesfromtheTPOTYawardswillbetravelingtoChesterCathedral.BirdPhotographeroftheYear2022September2022—January2023Datesandvenues(地點(diǎn))tobeconfirmed,moreinformationsoon.Anexhibitionof70—80ofthewinningimageswillgoonaninternationaltour.RPSGallery,BristolUntilOctober21,2022Thursday—Sunday10:00am—5:00pmTheRoyalPhotographicSociety,RPSHouse,ArosVale,BristolAtotalof105worksby57photographerswillbeondisplayintheInternationalPhotographyExhibition163atRPSGallery.28.Whichshowisalreadyfinished?A.SonyWorldPhotographyAwards. B.TravelPhotographeroftheYear.C.BirdPhotographeroftheYear2022. D.InternationalPhotographyExhibition163.29.HowlongwilltheTravelPhotographeroftheYearexhibitionlast?A.Amonth. B.27days. C.Ayear. D.Unknown.30.IfyouwanttovisitanexhibitiononTuesday,youwillchoose________.A.SonyWorldPhotographyAwards B.TravelPhotographeroftheYearC.BirdPhotographeroftheYear2022 D.InternationalPhotographyExhibition16331.Whatinformationdothefourprogrammesfocuson?A.Photographytheoreticalstudy. B.Photographyreview.C.Photographyshow. D.Photographyawardceremonies.BTheannualmarathon(馬拉松)inmytownoccurredasscheduled.Myjobwastofollowbehindtherunnersinanambulanceincaseanyofthemneededmedicalattention.Astheathletesbegantopacethemselves,thefrontrunnersstartedtodisappear.ItwasthenthatmyeyesweredrawntothewomaninbluerunningshortsandabaggywhiteT-shirt.Iknewwewerealreadywatchingour“l(fā)astrunner”.Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout.Herlegsweresocrippled(跛足的)andbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,nottomentionrunamarathon.ThedriverandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittlebit,thenstopandwaitforhertogainsomedistance.Thenwe’dslowlymoveforwardalittlebitmore.AsIwatchedherstruggletoputonefootinfrontoftheother,Ifoundmyselfbreathingforherandurgingherforward.Iwantedhertostop,andatthesametime,Iprayedthatshewouldn’t.Finallyshewastheonlyrunnerleftinsight.Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithstrongdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,thecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.Yetstandingstraightandproudwaitedaman.Hewasholdingoneendofaribbontiedtoapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsoftheribbonflutteringbehindher.Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.32.Whatwordscanbestdescribethewoman?A.Proudanddetermined. B.ModestandcourageousC.Diligentandconsiderate. D.Strong-willedandhonorable.33.Whathastheauthorlearntfromthewoman?A.Don’tdependonotherswhenfacingdifficulties.B.Nothingistootoughtoaccomplishifoneisbraveenough.C.It’snotwinningbutholdingonstraighttotheendthatreallymatters.D.Thedisabledcanalsorunamarathondespitetheirwalkingdifficulty.34.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAnnualMarathon. B.TheLastRunner.C.AnUnforgettableJob. D.HumorousStranger.CThewoodsareturningorange.Driftsofdryleavesaregrowingonforestfloorsandflyingintostreetcorners.Fromadistance,itisbeautiful.Buttheairisstillwarmandsummery.Thisturningandleaffallisnottheusualgradualpreparationforwinterintemperatezones(溫帶)butastressresponsebytreestryingtopreservewater.Wearenowinafalseautumn,causedbyheatanddrought.Anditfeelswrong.Thereis,therefore,somethingdeeplydisturbingaboutsuchagraphicalterationoffamiliarrhythms.DroughtsarenotunknowntotheUK,ofcourse,andtoomanypartsoftheworldarecertainlyfamiliarwithfarmoresevereversions.Butincreasinglytheyareoccurringinthecontextofaclimateemergency,andrecord-breakingheat.Andthebeautyofafalseautumn,specifically,hasanemotionaleffect,adeepweirdness,somethingmysteriouslysuggestiveofevilordanger.Culturesacrosstheworldcontainceremoniesforthepropitiation(寬恕)oftheweather;asenseofresponsibilityforthenaturalworld-andthebeliefthatitwillpunishusifwefailit—isasoldashumanity.OneofthereasonswhytheRomanticpoetSamuelTaylorColeridge’s1798poemTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerissoeffectiveisthedirectnesswithwhichitlinkstheshootingofanalbatross(信天翁)—thedestructionofinnocentwildlife—toaterriblechangeintheweather:norain,justburning,death-dealingsun.Wemaynotunderstandthemechanism,butataninstinctual(本能的)levelitfeelsright.Andinasimilarwayithasnotreallybeenasurprisetohearthatbirdsarestruggling.InLondon,youngswifts(雨燕)wereseenfallingoutofthesky.Fewer—andtooearly—nutsandberriesmeansomeanimalswillnotlivethroughthiswinter.Oldertrees,withtheirlongerroots,willhopefullysurvive,butyoungtreesmaynot—allthatpromisesfurtherwarming.Therewillalwaysbeadegreeofuncertaintyaboutthecausesofspecificweatherevents,butwecannotdenythatwehavenottakencareofthealbatross.Nowwemusthopewearedoingenoughtomakesurethatthesefearfulgoldendayscanbeanautumnofautumns.35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisadisturbingsignof“afalseautumn”?A.Treeleavesareturningorangeandfallgraduallyinwinter.B.BirdsarestrugglingtofalloutoftheskyinLondon.C.PeopleworldwidearecarelessofdroughtsandheatintheUK.D.Nutsandberriesripenearlierbutyieldlessthanbefore.36.WhyisColeridge’s1798poemTheRimeoftheAncientMarinersoeffective?A.Becausepeopleacrosstheworldsympathizewiththealbatross.B.Becauseitdirectlylinksdestructionofwildlifetoextremeweather.C.Becausewearecertainabouthowtheweathershiftsinstinctually.D.BecauseheisanestablishedRomanticpoetcuriousaboutnature.37.Whatistheoveralltoneofthepassage?A.Optimistic. B.Concerned. C.Humorous. D.Ironic(諷刺的).DBetweenthelastapplicationseasonandthecurrentone,SwarthmoreCollege,aschoolnationallywell-knownforitsacademicstrictness,changedtherequirementsforstudentsforadmissionintoitsnextfreshmanclass.Itmadefillingouttheproperformseasier.Swarthmoreishardlyaloneinitsdesiretoeliminate(清除)obstaclesforabountyofapplicants.Overthelastdecade,manyelitecollegeshaveadjustedtheirapplicationsinwaysthatremovedisincentives(抑制因素)andmaximizethelikelihoodthatthenumberofstudentscontestingtogetinremainsrobust-or,evenbetter,growslarger.Inonesense,that’sacommendablyegalitarian(平等主義的)approachandasensibleattempttobesurethatnoqualifiedcandidateismissed.Butthere’softenalesspuremotiveinplay.Inourincreasinglystatus-orientedsociety,aschool’sreputationisimprovedbyalowacceptancerate,whichcaneveninfluencehowU.S.News&WorldReportranksit.Andunlessaschoolisshrinkingthesizeofitsstudentbody,theonlywaytobringitsacceptanceratedownistogetitsnumberofapplicantsup.So,manycollegesmethodicallygenerateinterestonlytofrustrateit.Theywooapplicantsforthepurposeofturningthemdown.Andtherecanbeotherjustificationsforwhatlookslikealooseningofapplicationdemands.SmithCollegeandseveralothersimilarlyprominentcollegesnolongerrequiretheSATorACT,andKathleenMcCarney,thepresidentofSmithCollege,saidthatthat’snotabidformoreapplicants.It’sarecognitionthattopscoresonthosetestscorrelatewithhighfamilyincomeandmaysaymoreaboutanapplicant’seconomicadvantages—including,say,privateSATtutoring—thanabouttheiracademicpotential.JimBock,Swarthmore’sdeanofadmissions,saidthatbylighteningtheessayloadforitscurrentapplicants,thecollegewaslessconcernedaboutincreasingitsoverallnumberofapplicantsthanaboutmakingsurecandidatesofgreatmeritdidn’tmissoutonSwarthmoreandviceversa.Hementionedthehypothetical(假定的)exampleofahighschoolstudentfromalow-incomefamilywhoworks10ormorehoursaweekanddoesn’thavesufficienttimetododifferentessaysfordifferentschools.ButwillSwarthmore’sapplicantsthisyeargivequiteasmuchthoughtregardingwhetheritissuitableandtherighthomeforthem?I’mbettingnot.Whenit’sveryeasyforastudenttoapplytoyetonemorecollegeandeachschoolissimplyanotherdesirableboxofcereal(谷物)ontopshelfthatheorsheisdeterminedtoreach,there’sinadequatethoughttoatailored(合身的)fit,whichiswhattheadmissionsprocessshouldstrivefor.It’swhatthemeasureofsuccessshouldbe.38.WhatchangeshasSwarthmoreCollegemadeintheapplicationprocess?A.Itsimplifieditsapplicationprocedure. B.Itlowereditsrequirementsforadmission.C.Itexpandedthesizeofitsnextfreshmanclass. D.Iteliminatedobstaclesforminorityapplicants.39.Theword“woo”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.respect B.cheat C.invite D.force40.KathleenMcCarneyholdsthattheresultsoftheSATorACT________.A.arecloselyrelatedtotest-takers’familyincomelevelsB.reflecttest-takers’academicpotentialtoalargeextentC.shouldplayanessentialroleintheadmissionsprocessD.hidetheunevendistributionofeducationalresources41.Accordingtotheauthor,thesuccessofaschool’sadmissionsprocessliesin________.A.improvingtheschool’sreputationnationwideB.recruitingasmanygenuinestudentsaspossibleC.increasingtheoverallnumberofapplicantsfortheschoolD.makingsuitablematchesbetweenapplicantsandtheschool第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostofusdon’tliketothinktoomuchaboutrubbish.___42___.However,householdwasteisamajorcontributortoourplanet’swasteproblem.Likeitornot,itneedstobemanagedifwearetohaveabrightergreenfuture.Whenitcomestobeingresponsibleforourownrubbish,thebestwaytoapproachitisbyfollowingthethreegoldenrulesofwastemanagement,orthe‘3Rs’-Reduce,ReuseandRecycle.“Theorderisimportant.____43____,”saysEugeneTay,DirectorofGreenFutureSolutionsinSingapore.“Recyclingstillaffectstheenvironmentandshouldbedonelastafterreduceandreuse.”But,whenoureffortstoreduceandreusestillresultinanoverflowingrubbishbin,theadvantagesofrecyclingcannotbeignored.“____44____,”saysAmyHo,ManagingDirectorofWorldWideFundForNatureinSingapore.“Thedamagetoourenvironmentcouldthenbesloweddownasaresult.”Infact,byrecyclingjustoneplasticbottle,youaresavingnotjustthematerialtomakeanewone,butyoualsostopitfromgettingthrownintoalandfill(垃圾掩埋場)forupto700years-andthat’sbeforeitevenstartstorot.____45____.Recyclingissoimportantthatwereallyhavenoexcusenottodothesimplestofhouseholdtasksthatwillmakeadifference.“_____46_____,”saysHo.“Startingwithrecyclinggreywaterforgardeningpurposes,torecyclingmaterialssuchasglass,paperandiron-itallreducestheuseofrawmaterials.”A.Weputitinthebinanddon’tthinktoofarbeyondthatB.ThecollectiveactionofindividualscanmakeasignificanteffectC.It‘simportantforeveryhouseholdtomakegooduseofgreywaterD.WastereductionandreuseisusuallythebestwaytodecreasewasteE.ThethreerulesofwastemanagementshouldbefollowedbyeveryhouseholdF.RecyclingreducestheuseofrawmaterialsandsoprotectsournaturalresourcesG.Recyclingjust10%plasticbottleswouldkeep90millionkilogramsofplasticoutoflandfills

參考答案第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.A5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了多年前作者擔(dān)任過一個(gè)學(xué)校足球隊(duì)的教練，在一次比賽中輸給了學(xué)校的老隊(duì)，作者開始反思，不停地訓(xùn)練和鼓勵(lì)隊(duì)員，最終不可思議的贏得州里最強(qiáng)的對手。從這次經(jīng)歷中，作者明白了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的態(tài)度對團(tuán)隊(duì)成員有很大影響?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們通過自己的努力使自己成為勝利者。A.luck運(yùn)氣；B.tests測試；C.efforts努力；D.nature自然。根據(jù)上文“Nooneisbornawinner.”可知，人們需要通過努力才能成為勝利者。故選C。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在喬治亞州巴克斯利的一所學(xué)校擔(dān)任主教練工作。A.operating操縱，動手術(shù)；B.editing編輯；C.consulting咨詢；D.coaching指導(dǎo)、執(zhí)教。根據(jù)下文“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.”可知我擔(dān)任學(xué)校球隊(duì)的教練，故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在春季訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)，學(xué)校的老隊(duì)與新隊(duì)進(jìn)行比賽是一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)。A.successful成功的；B.excellent優(yōu)秀的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.new新的。根據(jù)“Itwasatradition”和“Beingthecoachofthenewteam”可知，此處表示學(xué)校的老隊(duì)和新隊(duì)進(jìn)行比賽。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：仔細(xì)想想，我意識到我的團(tuán)隊(duì)可能不是喬治亞州的頭號球隊(duì)，但他們依賴我。A.realize意識到，實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.claim聲稱，要求（擁有），認(rèn)領(lǐng)，致命；C.permit批準(zhǔn)，許可；D.demand強(qiáng)烈要求，需要。根據(jù)句中的“Thinkinghardaboutit”可知作者經(jīng)過認(rèn)真思考意識到球隊(duì)可能不是喬治亞州的頭號球隊(duì)，但他們依賴作者。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始盡我所能幫助他們建立自豪感。A.pride驕傲，自豪；B.culture文化；C.fortune運(yùn)氣；D.relationship關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.”以及下文“Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.”可知，作者在比賽失敗后盡自己所能幫助孩子們建立自豪感。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那年夏天，當(dāng)其他球隊(duì)享受假期時(shí)，我們每天都見面，練習(xí)傳球和踢足球。A.risked擔(dān)……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)做；B.missed錯(cuò)過，思念；C.considered考慮，認(rèn)為；D.practiced練習(xí)。根據(jù)句中的“whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations”以及空后的“passingandkickingthefootball”可知假期球隊(duì)一直在訓(xùn)練，故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得即使我們輸了比賽，這對我們來說也是一場勝利。A.shame羞愧；B.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；C.victory勝利；D.favor贊成，偏愛。根據(jù)“Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.”可知，作者認(rèn)為面對最強(qiáng)的隊(duì)伍，即使輸了比賽也是一場勝利。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的孩子們打敗了喬治亞州最好的球隊(duì)，這是我一生中興奮的事情之一！A.chances機(jī)會；B.thrills興奮，激動；C.concerns關(guān)心，憂慮；D.offers提議。根據(jù)“MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia”可知，作者的隊(duì)伍打敗了Georgia州最好的球隊(duì)，這是令人興奮的事。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從這次經(jīng)歷中，我學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的態(tài)度如何影響團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的知識。A.surprise使（某人）吃驚，給……驚喜，；B.serve服務(wù)；C.interest使感興趣，引起……的關(guān)注；D.affect影響，（疾?。┣忠u，感染。根據(jù)上文“IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.”以及下文“Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves____10____,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.”可知作者的態(tài)度對球隊(duì)隊(duì)員有很大的影響。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我?guī)椭麄円圆煌姆绞娇创约?，他們把自己打造成了勝利者。A.honestly誠實(shí)地；B.individually單獨(dú)地，分別地；C.calmly冷靜地；D.differently不同地。根據(jù)上文“IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.”可知，作者幫助他們以不同的方式看待自己。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空(共17小題;每小題1分，共17分)【答案】11.scientific12.toimprove13.landing14.visits【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章講述中國最新優(yōu)化的冠狀病毒肺炎動態(tài)清零協(xié)議將有助于更早恢復(fù)民航業(yè)。為了更加科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)防病毒，中國上周推出了20項(xiàng)措施來加強(qiáng)疫情防控?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：為了更加科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)防病毒，中國上周推出了20項(xiàng)措施來加強(qiáng)疫情防控，包括取消5名及以上乘客在中國著陸時(shí)檢測呈陽性的航空公司停飛兩周。分析句子可知，and連接兩個(gè)形容詞修飾virusprevention作定語，故填scientific?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。分析句子可知，improve作目的狀語用不定式形式，故填toimprove。【13題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了更加科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)防病毒，中國上周推出了20項(xiàng)措施來加強(qiáng)疫情防控，包括取消5名及以上乘客在中國著陸時(shí)檢測呈陽性的航空公司停飛兩周。介詞on后接動名詞作賓語，故填landing?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們還將對入境人員和密切接觸者的COVID-19隔離時(shí)間從10天減少到8天。形容詞incoming修飾名詞，作介詞for的賓語，visit“訪問”是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)，故填visits?！敬鸢浮?5.whose16.combination17.When18.and19.popularly20.monsters【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一部名為《弗蘭肯斯坦》的小說?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：《弗蘭肯斯坦》的主人公是創(chuàng)造怪物的“瘋狂科學(xué)家”，是哥特式恐怖故事和科幻小說的結(jié)合體。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞Frankenstein和從句主語maincharacter形成所屬關(guān)系，即Frankenstein’smaincharacter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，用先行詞whose。故填whose?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：《弗蘭肯斯坦》的主人公是創(chuàng)造怪物的“瘋狂科學(xué)家”，是哥特式恐怖故事和科幻小說的結(jié)合體。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用combine的名詞combination，acombinationof(……結(jié)合)。故填combination?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)它在一開始尋求愛的時(shí)候，怪物會在每個(gè)遇見它的人身上激起仇恨。分析句子，設(shè)空處用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。同時(shí)，該空置于句首，首字母要大寫。故填When?！?8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：孤獨(dú)和痛苦，怪物背棄了它的創(chuàng)造者，最終失去了生命。分析句子，設(shè)空處填寫連詞，連接前后兩個(gè)句子，此處表示并列關(guān)系。故用and?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：弗蘭肯斯坦的名字已經(jīng)變成了人們普遍喜歡這個(gè)生物本身，它已經(jīng)成為電影史上最著名的怪物之一。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫popular的副詞popularly作狀語，修飾形容詞attached。故填popularly?！?0題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：弗蘭肯斯坦的名字已經(jīng)變成了人們普遍喜歡這個(gè)生物本身，它已經(jīng)成為電影史上最著名的怪物之一。oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“最……之一”，monster為可數(shù)名詞，意為“怪物”，用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填monsters?！敬鸢浮?1.why22.waspulled23.to24.where25.unable26.havetold27.tobelieve【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了一段難以置信的被漁夫從水中救出的經(jīng)歷。（節(jié)選）【21題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：如你所見，我在這里講述這個(gè)故事的原因是我做了正確的決定。分析句子可知，why引導(dǎo)定語從句主干完整，修飾先行詞thereason，在從句中作原因狀語；thereasonwhy…isthat…意為“……的原因是……”。故填why。【22題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：我離開船后，我哥哥在里面，船被拉進(jìn)了漩渦的底部。分析句子可知，after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，且謂語動詞left是一般過去時(shí)，那么主句中缺的謂語動詞也用一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)合句意使用被動語態(tài)，主語it是單數(shù)，則應(yīng)填wasdone結(jié)構(gòu)。故填waspulled?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這時(shí)天空晴朗了，風(fēng)平浪靜了，月亮也放光了，我仍然被綁在木桶上，海浪很快把我?guī)У搅似渌麧O民所在的地方。betiedto…意為“束縛于……，捆綁于……”。故填to。【24題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這時(shí)天空晴朗了，風(fēng)平浪靜了，月亮也放光了，我仍然被綁在木桶上，海浪很快把我?guī)У搅似渌麧O民所在的地方。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞area，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞。故填where?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：那些漁夫是我的老朋友，但他們認(rèn)不出我來了。根據(jù)but可知，我的朋友沒能認(rèn)出我來，所以填able的反義詞，beunabletodosth.意為“不能做某事”。故填unable?！?6題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)告訴你了，我不指望你相信我，就像那個(gè)漁夫一樣。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”已經(jīng)講完了“我”的故事，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成并對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havetold?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：現(xiàn)在我告訴你，我不指望你相信我，就像那個(gè)漁夫一樣。分析句子可知，cannotexpect為本句謂語動詞，空處用非謂語動詞作賓語，expectsb.todosth.意為“期待某人做某事”。故填tobelieve。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)【答案】28.D29.B30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四種不同國際攝影展的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等信息?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。比較四個(gè)活動的時(shí)間可知，RPSGallery,Bristol中關(guān)鍵信息“UntilOctober21,2022(直到2022年10月21日)”及“Atotalof105worksby57photographerswillbeondisplayintheInternationalPhotographyExhibition163atRPSGallery.(第163屆國際攝影展將在RPS畫廊展出57位攝影師的105幅作品)”可知，InternationalPhotographyExhibition163是時(shí)間最早的，所以已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TravelPhotographeroftheYear中關(guān)鍵信息“December2—28,2022(2022年12月2日到28日)”可知，年度旅行攝影師展將會持續(xù)27天。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TravelPhotographeroftheYear中關(guān)鍵信息“MondaytoSaturday:9:00am—5:00pm(星期一到星期六：早上9點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn))”可知，如果你想在周二參觀展覽，可以選擇TravelPhotographeroftheYear。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前三個(gè)活動的標(biāo)題“SonyWorldPhotographyAwards(索尼世界攝影大獎)”；“TravelPhotographeroftheYear(年度最佳旅行攝影師)”；“BirdPhotographeroftheYear2022(2022年度鳥類攝影師)”及第四個(gè)活動的展覽名稱“theInternationalPhotographyExhibition163(163國際攝影展)”可知，四個(gè)活動都是攝影展覽。故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?2.D33.C34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者在一次馬拉松比賽中遇到了一名跛足女士，從她身上學(xué)到了真正重要的不是取勝而是堅(jiān)持到底的道理?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Herlegsweresocrippled(跛足的)andbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,nottomentionrunamarathon.”(她的腿殘疾得如此嚴(yán)重而且還彎曲，似乎連走路都不可能，更不用說跑馬拉松了。)和第三段第一句“ThedriverandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.”(我和司機(jī)靜靜地看著她慢慢向前走。)可知，這名女士有強(qiáng)大的意志力；根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.”(我不知道這個(gè)女人的名字，但從那一天起，她成了我生命的一部分——我常常依賴的一部分。)可知，這名女士是一個(gè)可敬的人。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句和第三句“Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.”(對她來說，無關(guān)于打敗其他選手或贏得獎品。而是完成她已經(jīng)開始做的事情。)可知，作者從女士身上學(xué)到了真正重要的不是取勝而是堅(jiān)持到底的道理。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Iknewwewerealreadywatchingour“l(fā)astrunner”.”(我知道我們已經(jīng)在看“最后一名選手”了。)和最后一段倒第二句“WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.”(當(dāng)我覺得事情太難了，或者是“我就是做不到”的時(shí)候，我就會想到這個(gè)最后一名選手。)可知，作者以最后一名選手為著眼點(diǎn)，闡述了真正重要的不是取勝而是堅(jiān)持到底的道理。故選B。【答案】35.A36.B37.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了氣候變暖導(dǎo)致“虛假秋天”的出現(xiàn)，呼吁人們將這種現(xiàn)象視為警告，采取措施阻止全球變暖現(xiàn)象進(jìn)一步惡化?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thewoodsareturningorange.Driftsofdryleavesaregrowingonforestfloorsandflyingintostreetcorners.Fromadistance,itisbeautiful.Buttheairisstillwarmandsummery.Thisturningandleaffallisnottheusualgradualpreparationforwinterintemperatezones(溫帶)butastressresponsebytreestryingtopreservewater.(樹林正在變成橙色。干枯的樹葉飄落在森林地面上，飛到街角。從遠(yuǎn)處看，它很美。但空氣仍然溫暖、像是夏季。這種轉(zhuǎn)變和落葉不是溫帶冬季通常的逐漸準(zhǔn)備，而是樹木試圖保水的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。)”可知，本來秋天樹葉變黃落下，現(xiàn)在冬天樹葉變黃落下，人們誤把冬天當(dāng)秋天，就是虛假秋天。由此可知，“虛假秋天”的令人不安的跡象是樹葉在冬天逐漸變成橙色并落下。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“OneofthereasonswhytheRomanticpoetSamuelTaylorColeridge’s1798poemTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerissoeffectiveisthedirectnesswithwhichitlinkstheshootingofanalbatross(信天翁)—thedestructionofinnocentwildlife—toaterriblechangeintheweather:norain,justburning,death-dealingsun.(浪漫主義詩人SamuelTaylorColeridge1798年的詩TheRimeoftheAncientMariner如此有效的原因之一是，它直接將射殺信天翁——無辜野生動物的毀滅——與可怕的天氣變化聯(lián)系起來：沒有雨，只有灼熱的、致命的太陽)”可知，Coleridge1798年的詩歌TheRimeoftheAncientMariner如此有效是因?yàn)樗鼘⒁吧鷦游锏臍缗c極端天氣直接聯(lián)系起來。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Wearenowinafalseautumn,causedbyheatanddrought.Anditfeelswrong.(我們現(xiàn)在處于一個(gè)由炎熱和干旱造成的虛假秋天。這感覺不對)”和文章第二段第一句“Thereis,therefore,somethingdeeplydisturbingaboutsuchagraphicalterationoffamiliarrhythms.(因此，這種對熟悉的節(jié)律的形象改變令人深感不安)”以及最后一段最后一句“Nowwemusthopewearedoingenoughtomakesurethatthesefearfulgoldendayscanbeanautumnofautumns.(現(xiàn)在，我們必須希望我們正在做的足夠多，以確保這些可怕的金色日子成為一個(gè)真正秋天中的秋天)”可知，作者在文中文章講述了氣候變暖導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)“虛假秋天”，呼吁人們將這種現(xiàn)象視為警告，采取措施阻止全球變暖進(jìn)一步惡化。由此可推知，作者寫這篇文章的整體基調(diào)是擔(dān)心的。故選B。【答案】38.A39.C40.A41.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇議論文。本文根據(jù)斯沃斯莫爾學(xué)院改變了新生入學(xué)的要求這一現(xiàn)象，論述了這種現(xiàn)象后面的原因并表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)——一所學(xué)校錄取過程的成功在于在申請者和學(xué)校之間進(jìn)行合適的匹配?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Betweenthelastapplicationseasonandthecurrentone,SwarthmoreCollege,aschoolnationallywell-knownforitsacademicstrictness,changedtherequirementsforstudentsforadmissionintoitsnextfreshmanclass.Itmadefillingouttheproperformseasier.(從上個(gè)申請季到現(xiàn)在這個(gè)申請季，斯沃斯莫爾學(xué)院(SwarthmoreCollege)——一所以學(xué)術(shù)嚴(yán)格而聞名全國的學(xué)?！淖兞诵律雽W(xué)的要求。它使填寫適當(dāng)?shù)谋砀窀菀?”及第二段“Swarthmoreishardlyaloneinitsdesiretoeliminateobstaclesforabountyofapplicants.(斯沃斯莫爾學(xué)院并不是唯一一個(gè)希望為大量申請者消除障礙的機(jī)構(gòu))”可知，Swarthmore大學(xué)為申請者簡化了申請程序。故選A項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Inourincreasinglystatus-orientedsociety,aschool’sreputationisimprovedbyalowacceptancerate,whichca