2022屆北京市昌平區(qū)實驗學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期英語學(xué)科10月月考英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。MytenthChristmaswasoneIwasnotlookingforwardto.Moneywastight.Momsaidwewereoldenoughnottocounton____1____.Justbeingtogetherwouldbeenough.Weweren'ttheonlyfamilyinoursmallcommunitywhowouldhaveasimpleChristmas.Buttheknowledgethatothersweregoingthroughthesamethingdidn't___2___much.Onenightwehadasmallpitypartyforeachother.“HowcanIevenwearthatsameolddressonemoretime?”Icomplained.“Iknow,”saidmysister.“IthinkImightaswellgiveupaskingfora___3___.Thenextday,MomtoldusthatshehadbeensavingupandshoppingaroundsothatwecouldgivetheWaltersfamilyaChristmasbasket.“Ifanyoneneedssomecheer,it'stheWalters.”Momremindedus.TheWalters!Theywerethestrangestpeopleweknew.HowcouldMombeso___4___withthemwhenourownfamilydidn'thaveenough?Momwasdetermined.Shepackedflourandsugar,asmallturkey,somefruitsinabasketandaskedusto___5___ittotheWalters.Ireallydidn'tliketohaveanythingtodowiththem.Notwantingtoberecognized,weleftthebasketonthedoorstepandhidbehindanearbybush.SeeingtheWaltersgatheruptheirbasketIaskedinwhisper,"Didtheylookhappy?"“Well,yeah,happy,butmostlytheylookedliketheywerethinking,Maybewedobelong.”Christmasmorningarrived.Tomygreat___6___,Ireceivedafabulous-lookingdress.Icouldn'tbelieveit'sforme.IwasabouttospeakwhenwenoticedDadrideupatopanewhorse.Mysisterscreamedandranout.Shecouldn'twaittomeether“gift”.“Mom,howdidyoudoallthis?”Iasked.“Wewere___7___forano-presentChristmas.”“Oh,notnecessarily___8___butjusthelpingeachother.Mrs.Olsenatthedressshopletmebringyourgifthome.DadofferedtohangupMrs.Marshall'streelights.Mr.Joneshadahorseandhewashappytoknowwehadsomeonetoloveit.”"IthoughtsinceyouweregivingawayfoodtotheWalters,wewouldneverhaveenough.Theyreallydon'thaveanythingtogiveinreturn.”“Wearelikeabigfamily.Never___9___whocanorwhocan'tgive.Themostimportantisthatweshouldlistentoourhearts.Perhapstherightgiftswillendupwiththerightfamilies."Momalwaysknew___10___.ThinkingabouttheexpressionontheWalters'sfaceswhentheydiscoveredtheChristmasbasket,Irealizedtheir“belonging"feelingwasmorepreciousthananyofthegifts.ThatwastheChristmasthatIlearnedaboutthemagicofgiving.1.A.games B.parties C.gifts D.trips2.A.judge B.help C.cover D.pay3.A.tree B.light C.dress D.horse4.A.patient B.strict C.generous D.popular5.A.deliver B.award C.show D.lend6.A.relief B.alarm C.fear D.surprise7.A.ready B.eager C.known D.responsible8.A.checking B.trading C.hesitating D.quarreling9.A.tease B.forget C.mind D.ignore10.A.truth B.duty C.dreams D.choices【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C5.A6.D7.A8.B9.C10.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。在即將到來的圣誕節(jié)，因為錢緊張，作者和家人都做好了沒有禮物的準(zhǔn)備，可是媽媽還是堅持讓家人把打包的面粉和糖，一只小火雞，一籃子水果送給Walters一家，意想不到的是作者和姐姐在圣誕節(jié)都得到了夢寐以求的禮物，這使作者懂得了給予的魅力?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：媽媽說我們歲數(shù)大了別指望著禮物了。A.games游戲；B.parties聚會；C.gifts禮物；D.trips旅行；根據(jù)常識和后文“Wewere7forano-presentChristmas.”可知，因為過圣誕節(jié)，所以此處指的是禮物。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但得知其他人也經(jīng)歷的同樣的事情并沒有太大的幫助。A.judge判斷；B.help幫助；C.cover覆蓋；D.pay支付；根據(jù)前一句“Weweren'ttheonlyfamilyinoursmallcommunitywhowouldhaveasimpleChristmas.”可知，在這個小社區(qū)里，作者一家并不是唯一一個過簡單圣誕節(jié)的家庭；由此可知，得知他人也經(jīng)歷的同樣的事情對沒有圣誕禮物的現(xiàn)實，并沒有太大的幫助。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我知道，”我姐姐說?！拔蚁胛疫€是放棄要一匹馬為好?！盇.tree樹；B.light光；C.dress衣服；D.horse馬；根據(jù)后文“IwasabouttospeakwhenwenoticedDadrideupatopanewhorse.”可知，此處指姐姐認(rèn)為還是放棄要匹新馬為好。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們家的錢都不夠，媽媽怎么能對他們這么慷慨呢?A.patient耐心的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.generous慷慨的；D.popular受歡迎的；根據(jù)前文“Thenextday,MomtoldusthatshehadbeensavingupandshoppingaroundsothatwecouldgivetheWaltersfamilyaChristmasbasket.”和后文“whenourownfamilydidn'thaveenough”可知，作者家捉襟見肘，所以作者對媽媽的慷慨感到不解。故選C。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把面粉、糖、一只小火雞、一些水果裝在籃子里，讓我們送到Walters家。A.deliver遞送；B.award獎賞；C.show展示；D.lend借；根據(jù)前文“…wecouldgivetheWaltersfamilyaChristmasbasket.”可知，因為媽媽決定給Walters家一個圣誕籃，所以此處需用動詞deliver，表示把裝有物品的圣誕籃送到Walters家。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：使我感到吃驚的是，我收到了一件非常漂亮的裙子。A.relief安慰；B.alarm警報；C.fear恐懼；D.surprise吃驚；根據(jù)后文“Icouldn’tbelieveit’sforme.”可知，作者對于自己收到一件裙子感到驚訝。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：句意：我們本為準(zhǔn)備過一個沒有禮物的圣誕節(jié)。A.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；B.eager急切的；C.known出名的；D.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；根據(jù)第一段“Moneywastight.”可知，因為拮據(jù)，所以作者和家人本準(zhǔn)備過一個沒有禮物的圣誕節(jié)。故選A。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：哦，不一定是交易，只是互相幫助而已。A.checking檢查；B.trading做生意；C.hesitating猶豫；D.quarreling爭吵；根據(jù)后文“Mrs.Olsenatthedressshopletmebringyourgifthome.DadofferedtohangupMrs.Marshall’streelights.”可知，大家彼此之間是互相幫助，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從來不介意誰能或誰不能給予。A.tease取笑；B.forget忘記；C.mind介意；D.ignore忽視；根據(jù)前文“We?are?like?a?big?family.”可知我們就像一個大家庭，從來不介意誰能或誰不能給予。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：媽媽一直知道真相。A.truth真相；B.duty責(zé)任；C.dreams夢想；D.choices選擇；根據(jù)前文“Themostimportantisthatweshouldlistentoourhearts.Perhapstherightgiftswillendupwiththerightfamilies.(最重要的是，我們應(yīng)該傾聽我們的心。也許合適的禮物最終會送到合適的家庭。)”可知，作者的媽媽總是懂得生活的真相。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ImetupwiththelovelyAustraliangentlemanagainonmywalkthismorning.___11___(actual),Iseehimalmosteverymorning.WhenIfirstsawhim___12___(month)ago,hewalkedbymequicklyanddidn'tlookatmeatall.HeisnotgoodatChineseandIfigurethat'swhyhemighthavebeenanxiousabout___13___(make)eyecontact.【答案】11.Actually12.months13.making【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和一位澳大利亞人從不認(rèn)識到互相打招呼的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：事實上，我?guī)缀趺刻煸缟隙寄芤姷剿７治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞actually作狀語修飾空后整個句子，句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填A(yù)ctually?！?2題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：幾個月前我第一次見到他時，他從我身邊匆匆走過，根本沒看我一眼。month為可數(shù)名詞，其前面沒有限定詞修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處monthsago表示“幾個月前”。故填months?！?3題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：他的中文不好，我想這就是他為什么對眼神交流感到焦慮的原因。beanxiousaboutdoingsth.(擔(dān)心做某事)，固定搭配，此處介詞about后需接動名詞作賓語。故填making。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Idon'tknowanyAustraliansoIwouldalwaysjustwalkbywithnocontactaswell.Thenoneday,Istopped___14___(say)"Nihao!"tohimandsmiledathim.Helookedatmeandwiththe___15___(big)smileIhadeverseen,heshylysaid,"Nihao!"He,___16___waspoliteandfriendly,lookedlikeadifferentperson.Wemadecontact!Afterthat,whenwe___17___(run)intoeachother,weexchanged"Nihao".【答案】14.tosay15.biggest16.who17.ran【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者和一位澳大利亞人從不認(rèn)識到互相打招呼的經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：然后有一天，我停下來對他說“你好”，并對他微笑。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)是短語stoptodo…“停下來做……”，用不定式作賓語。故填tosay?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：他看著我，帶著我曾見過的最燦爛的笑容，害羞地說:“你好!”。根據(jù)"Ihaveeverseen”可知，big應(yīng)用形容詞最高級形式，表示“同類事中最……的"。故填biggest?！?6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他彬彬有禮，態(tài)度友好，看上去完全是另一個人了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“waspoliteandfriendly"是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是he,指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填who。【17題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在那之后，當(dāng)我們遇到對方時，我們互相打招呼“你好”。根據(jù)空后謂語動詞exchanged可知，句子敘述的是過去的情況，應(yīng)該用一般過去時，run是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去式為ran。故填ran。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ThismorningIsawhimjustfromadistanceandItriedwaving___18___himsinceweweretoofarawaytosay"Nihao".Well,hewassohappywhenhesawmewavingandhewalkeduptomeinexcitement.Isawhisbrightsmile.In___19___(break)Chinese,heaskedmewhetherIcouldteachhimChineseandsaidthatChineseisindeedabeautiful,broadandprofoundlanguage.Iagreed.ThissurelymadeourhappymorningandIbethesmiledall___20___waytothebusstop!【答案】18.at##to19.broken20.the【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和一位澳大利亞人從不認(rèn)識到互相打招呼的經(jīng)歷?！?8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：今天早上我只是從遠(yuǎn)處看到他，我試著向他揮手，因為我們太遠(yuǎn)了，說不出“你好”。固定短語waveto/atsb.“向某人揮手”。故填at或to。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他用蹩腳的中文問我能不能教他中文，說中文的確是一門美麗博大精深的語言。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用形容詞，作定語，修飾空后的名詞Chinese，break對應(yīng)的形容詞為broken“蹩腳的，不流利的”。故填broken?！?0題詳解】考查冠詞和固定短語。句意：這讓我們的早上非常開心，我敢打賭他一路都在笑著去車站。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是固定短語alltheway“一路上，一直”。故填the。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@21.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.22.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.SouthAfrica23.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefit D.helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21.C22.D23.D【解析】【分析】本文是一則廣告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于積極的改變貧窮和偏遠(yuǎn)的社區(qū)，在這里能探索新的文化，結(jié)識新朋友，同時做一些有價值的事。文章為GDA招募志愿者并介紹了今年夏天的具體項目?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問管理人員的主要職責(zé)是什么。根據(jù)第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，根據(jù)崗位不同，管理人員可以幫助增加小區(qū)的飲用水，可以規(guī)劃地方文化，可以設(shè)計挑戰(zhàn)項目培訓(xùn)年輕的志愿者，從這些內(nèi)容上可以判斷出其主要職責(zé)是執(zhí)行項目計劃。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問八月份開始的這個項目將在哪里開展。根據(jù)這個表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最后一個SouthAfrica2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非開始，答案選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問GDA的所有項目的共同目的是什么。根據(jù)第一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒數(shù)第二段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其目標(biāo)就是促進(jìn)偏遠(yuǎn)貧窮區(qū)域的發(fā)展，即幫助有需要的社區(qū)。故選D。BAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.24.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.25.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.26.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.27.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AliceMoore，一個年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的故事，故事告訴我們：積極的思考和行動會帶來成功。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”及下文她想方設(shè)法最終制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她對父親的警告的反應(yīng)是：她試圖找到一條出路，解決問題。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.可知，這種糖只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細(xì)菌，因此它對牙齒有利。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.可知，Moore想用她獨特的才能幫助其他人找到自己的笑容。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了Moor的創(chuàng)業(yè)故事，她之所以能成功，源于面對問題和困難時，她樂觀地看待問題，積極地想方設(shè)法去解決問題。因此，通過她的故事讓我們懂得積極的思考和行動會帶來成功。故選C。CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.28.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.29.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A.aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spreadinformationwidely30.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章指出語音操作與自動化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機器人電話可以以假亂真，欺詐現(xiàn)象更加嚴(yán)重，解決這個問題需要電話運營商和消費者共同努力?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.可知，我們認(rèn)識到了問題的嚴(yán)重性，支持和開發(fā)了旨在防止欺詐者通過的工具、應(yīng)用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我們的努力太少了，也太晚了。在這些“解決方案”被廣泛使用的時候，騙子將轉(zhuǎn)移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為這些“解決辦法”對于解決問題起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D選項正確。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.可知，機器人通話之所以令人頭痛，與其說與數(shù)量有關(guān)，不如說與精確度有關(guān)。長達(dá)十年的個人信息泄露已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了這樣一種情況：騙子可以輕易地知道你母親的名字，甚至更多。有了這些知識，他們就能夠開展有針對性的活動來欺騙人們。根據(jù)這些可知，利用這種新的技術(shù)，欺詐者們可以精確的確定他們行騙的目標(biāo)。故A選項正確。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.可知，這項語音技術(shù)可以產(chǎn)生一個聽起來和人類非常相似的聲音，它可以和接待員進(jìn)行交談，進(jìn)行預(yù)訂。由此可知，這項新技術(shù)有其好的方面。根據(jù)第三段的敘述可知，欺詐者們可以利用這項新技術(shù)來進(jìn)行欺詐行為。由此推知，這項新技術(shù)既可以發(fā)揮好的作用，也可能為壞人所利用，產(chǎn)生不好的影響，因此可以說它是一把雙刃劍。故B選項正確。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段提到：robocalls（機器人電話：自動撥號播放錄音信息的推銷電話）在未來變得會越來越嚴(yán)重，不僅僅是出現(xiàn)在你的手機屏幕上的電話號碼令人懷疑，而且你會質(zhì)疑聽到的聲音是否是真的。第二段介紹原因：語音操作與自動化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機器人電話可以以假亂真。第三段介紹了語音操作和自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展會使得機器人電話產(chǎn)生的問題更加嚴(yán)重。最后兩段提出我們該如何應(yīng)對這些問題。綜上，文章第一段點明文章中心：機器人電話問題在未來會變得越來越嚴(yán)重。下文都是圍繞這一話題展開的。故C選項適合作標(biāo)題。DBytheendofthecenturyifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”32Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.CPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。一項最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象的原因是因為一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因為光線反射的作用，它們在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案，現(xiàn)在浮游植物受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響，讓浮游植物的生長更加旺盛，所以海洋相應(yīng)會變得更藍(lán)、更綠?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項新的研究表明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠。結(jié)合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選B。【33題詳解】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并會影響浮游植物的生長。由此可判斷，浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響，也就是很敏感。故A項正確?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會使浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，而這些水域會變得更綠了。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，浮游動植物就更多了，這些水域會變得更綠了。故D項正確?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項新的研究表明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠，接下來詳細(xì)講述了原因。故C項正確。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyourememberthosetimeswhenyourmothertoldyoutoavoidtalkingtostrangers?Butnowyou’renotachildanymore.Infact,therearemanyadvantagesoftalkingtostrangers.●Youcanmeetareallygreatperson.Talkingtoastrangerisagoodhabitbecauseyouneverknowwhomyoumaymeet.____36____Youcanalsomeetsomeonewhowillgiveyouachancetogetyourdreamjob.●____37____Youhavesomeopinionaboutdifferentsubjectsandyouknowyourfriends’andrelatives’pointsofviewaboutthem,too.Buttherearemillionsofotherpeoplewhothinkdifferentlyandcangiveyouunpredictableyetsmartideasthatwillbroadenyourhorizons.●Youcanimproveyoursocialskills.____38____Askingappropriatequestionsandattentivelisteningaretwoskillsthatmanyofusdon’thave.Youcanbettertheseskillswhentalkingtoastranger.●Youcanoffersomeonecomfort.Thethingyou’lldefinitelylikeabouttalkingtostrangersisthatyoucanmakesomeone’sdaybetter.____39____Praisepeopleandtheywillthinksomethingpleasantaboutyou.Havingasweetshortdialogueisoneofthoseperfectchancestomakepeoplecheerful.●Youcanfindthesolutionsyoudidn’tknowabout.Talkingtosomeoneyoudon’tknowisallaboutfindingoutsomethingyoudidn’tknow.Youmayhavesomeproblemsthatyoucan’tsolveforalongtime.However,someoneyousuddenlymeetcanfigureouttherightsolutionyoudidn’teventhinkaboutbefore.____40____A.Itmaybeahelpyouneededtogetalongtimeago.B.Youcanexpandyourworldview.C.Youcanmeetapersonwhowillbecomeyourbestfriendinfuture.D.Smileandpeoplewillsmileinreturn.E.Whateversocialskillsyouhave,youcanmakethembetterwhentalkingtostrangers.F.Youshouldn’tmisstheseunexpectedchancesofmeetingpeople.G.Whynotspeaktosomeoneuntilyourturncomes?【答案】36.C37.B38.E39.D40.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了與陌生人交談的好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Youcanmeetareallygreatperson.（你會遇到一個非常棒的人。）”以及后面的“Youcanalsomeetsomeonewhowillgiveyouachancetogetyourdreamjob.（你也可以遇到給你機會得到夢想工作的人。）”可知，前面談?wù)摰氖怯鲆娨粋€“很棒”的人。C選項：你可能遇見一個將來與你成為摯友的人，符合語境。故選C。【37題詳解】根據(jù)“therearemillionsofotherpeoplewhothinkdifferentlyandcangiveyouunpredictableyetsmartideasthatwillbro