星海教育2016年暑假雙流校區(qū)目標(biāo)滿分班名師培優(yōu)精講第1講【教學(xué)標(biāo)題】英語句子成分【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】讓學(xué)生完全掌握英語句子的成分問題，使學(xué)生能夠更好的理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.句子成分的劃分2.句子的主要成分3.句子的次要成分4.作各個成分相應(yīng)的詞性【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】1.句子的主要成分2.狀語的識別3.定語的識別4.賓語補(bǔ)足語【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。A.主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法:主語由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng).例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）B.謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。注意動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語，不能作謂語。一句話語法:謂語由動詞充當(dāng)。有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時(shí)候容易犯的錯誤就是要么亂用be動詞,要么句子沒有謂語動詞.1、可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞(表動作)和連系動詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）、及物動詞作謂語Didyouseemanypeoplethere?（2）、不及物動詞作謂語You’redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.（3）連系動詞表狀態(tài)Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.2、謂語的構(gòu)成如下：（1）、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.（2）、復(fù)合謂語：（a）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（b）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.C.表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）Herfatherissixty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語）注意:副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對高考,不是搞語法研究,這點(diǎn)請大家一定要記住。例如：Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）D.賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動名詞短語）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子:givemeabook.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個的意思.復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.E．賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語法:賓語補(bǔ)足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Youmustkeepitclean.Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?（-ed分詞）IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（注意：后跟名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有keep,find,get,think,make等;動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，當(dāng)謂語動詞為感官動詞如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等，使役動詞如let,have,make等，動詞不定式不帶to。）F.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，是句子中的次要成分?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ和后置定語。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）或句子充當(dāng)。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞例如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.G.狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一句話語法:狀語用副詞,不用形容詞，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎筛痹~、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或狀語從句來充當(dāng)。例如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）H.句子結(jié)構(gòu)(S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語)一．S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)|（vi.）Iswim.主謂Theylistenedcarefully．Myhomeworkhasfinished.二．S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(vt.)Isawafilmyesterday.主謂賓Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily.Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren．三．S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（系動詞）Be,系動詞____________________+形容詞Heisold.主系動表語Thestorysoundsinteresting.主系動詞表語ThedeskfeelshardHebecomesateacher．Thetreesturnyellowintheautumn.四．S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)give，ask__________________sbsthHegavemeabook.主謂賓1賓2Hebroughtmeapen.HeofferedmehisseatHegotmeachair五．S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Theymadethegirlangry.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)Theyfoundherhappythatday．Iheardtheglassbrokenjustnow.【過手練習(xí)】一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.【拓展訓(xùn)練】1、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where2.閱讀理解：LittleTomdownthestreetcallsourdog"Thekeepdog".Zipisasheepdog.ButwhenTomtriestosay"Seep",itcomesout"keep".AndinawayTomisright.Zipisalwaysbringingthingshoemforustokeep!I'lltellyouaboutsomeofthem.Zip'sfirstpresentwasashoe.Itwasmadeofgreensilk.Wedidn'tknowhowZipfoundtheshoe.ButafteramomentMary,mybigsister,toldmetheshoehadastrangesmell.Inodded(點(diǎn)頭)andheldmynose."Whatdoyouthinkitis?""Itsmellslikesomethingforcleaning.Ithinksomeonetriedtocleanaspot(污點(diǎn))offtheshoe.Thenheputitatthedoortodry.""AlongcameZip.Andgood-byeshoe!"Isaid."Weshouldtakeitback.""Wecan't".saidmysistter."MaybelittleTomisright,"Marysaid."MaybeZipisakeepdog!"1.ThewriterandMarydidn'tknow______.A.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasB.howZipcarrieditsfirstpresenthomeC.whoownedZip'sfirstpresentD.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasmadeof2.TomcallsZip"thekeepdog"because______.A.thedoglikeskeepingthingsB.thedoglikesplayingwithshoesC.hedoesn'tknowthedog'snameD.hecan'tpronouncetheword"sheep"well3.Whatmadetheshoestrangewas______.A.itscolour

B.itssmellC.itssize

D.thatitwasasilkone4.Theword"keep"inthelastsentencemeans"_____"A.keepingthingsforitselfB.bringingthingsforothertokeepC.notlettingitrunaboutD.takingcareofasmallchild5.Wecanknowfromthereadingthatthedog_____.A.likestogivepresentstopeopleB.hasbeenkeptinatthewriter'shomeC.hasbroughtsometroubleD.likestobecalled"thekeepdog"3.閱讀短文，根據(jù)首字母提示填空，每空一詞。

MostAmericanfamiliesaresmallerthanthefamiliesino

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countries.MostAmericanfamiliese

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haveoneortwochildren.C

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intheUSwillleavetheirparents'homewhentheygrowup.Theyusuallylivefarf

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theirparentsbecausetheywanttofindgoodjobs.Theyoftenw

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Parentsusuallylettheirchildrenchoosetheiro

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jobs.Americansthinkitimportantforyoungpeopletodecideontheirlivesbythemselves.

Childrenareaskedtodosomeworkaroundtheirhouse.Andinmanyfamilies,childrenarepaid(付錢)ford

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somehouseworksothattheylearnhowtomakemoneyfortheirownuse.

Doyouoftenhelpy

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parentsdohousework?Doyouwanttolivewithyourparentsw

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yougrowup?【課后作業(yè)】一、選擇填空基礎(chǔ)題組訓(xùn)練（五題）1、Theoldmanfeedsfour___.A.piggsB.pigesC.pigsD.pig2、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A．leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave3、Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink,___orcoffee?A．teaB.fruitC.breadD.meat4、Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany___init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water5、Thereareseven___inaweek.A.dayesB.daysC.dayiesD.day拔高題組訓(xùn)練（十題）1、—Mom,couldyoupassmesome___?It’sdelicious.—OK,butonlyalittle.A．butterB.applesC.tomatoesD.sandwiches2、—What’sinthecupboard?—Afew___,butlittle___.A.apples;coffeeB.coffee;applesC.apple;coffeesD.coffees;apples、3、Hegaveus___onhowtoprotecteyes.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice4、Thereare___onmydesk.A.threepaperB.threepiecesofpapersC.threepiecesofpaperD.threepapers5、Agroupof___willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.EnglishmanB.AmericanC.AustralianD.Chinese6、Thefarmerraisedten___.A.sheepsB.deersC.horseD.cows7、WhynotgiveLindasome___?ShehasfailedinChineseseveraltimes.A.noticeB.suggestionC.adviceD.warning8、WhenwesawLiuXiang’sface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news9、Iwonderwhy___areinterestedinactionfilms.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples10、Thereisgood___foryou.I’vefoundthewatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts疑難題組訓(xùn)練（五題）1、Ithinktheteenagersshouldtrytoimprovetheirliving___.A.activitiesB.skillsC.memoryD.success2、—Mum,somethingiswrongwithmyteeth.Ican’teatanything.—Whataboutseeinga___atonce?A.designerB.dentistC.directorD.detective3、Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe___toseethenewactionmovietonight.A.bookshopB.restaurantC.concertD.cinema4、Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories5、Weoftenusethemobilephonetosendtext___toourfriends.A.menusB.messagesC.adviceD.warning2.閱讀理解Anoldladyinaplanehadablanket（毯子）overherheadandshedidnotwanttotakeitoff.Theairhostessspoketoher,buttheoldladysaid,“Ihaveneverbeeninaplanebefore,andIamfrightened.Iamgoingtokeepthisblanketovermyheaduntilwearebackonthegroundagain!”Thenthecaptaincame.Hesaid,“Madam,Iamthecaptainofthisplane.Theweatheris