2026年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)——三大基本時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)班級(jí)：姓名：小組號(hào)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（SimplePresentTense）1.基本用法用法分類具體說(shuō)明例句習(xí)慣性/規(guī)律性動(dòng)作表示主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（如日常習(xí)慣、作息、頻率）Shegoestothegymeverymorning.（她每天早上去健身房。）客觀事實(shí)/真理不受時(shí)間限制的普遍規(guī)律、科學(xué)事實(shí)或真理Theearthgoesaroundthesun.（地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。）當(dāng)前穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)描述主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的性格、能力、狀態(tài)或客觀存在的情況Hespeaksthreelanguages.（他會(huì)說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。）計(jì)劃/安排（特殊）少數(shù)情況下（如時(shí)刻表、日程表）表示“未來(lái)確定的計(jì)劃”（限于come,go,start等動(dòng)詞）Thetrainleavesat8:00a.m.tomorrow.（火車明天早上8點(diǎn)發(fā)車。） 2.常見時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（1）頻率副詞：總是、通常、經(jīng)常、有時(shí)、很少、罕見、從不（2）周期表達(dá)：每天/周/月/年、每周一次、每月兩次、每周日/六其他：偶爾、定期地3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)（非三單）+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語(yǔ)（三單）+動(dòng)詞三單形式（works）+其他被動(dòng)：動(dòng)作承受者+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+（by)+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Eg.RiceisgrowninsouthernChina.（水稻在中國(guó)南方種植。）隨堂練習(xí)Mymotherusually______(cook)breakfastformyfamilyat7o'clockeverymorning.?Thisfamousnovel______(translate)intoover20languageseveryyeartoreachmorereaders.?TheEarth______(go)aroundtheSun,andtheMoongoesaroundtheEarth.?Vegetablesandfruits______(sell)inthismarketeveryweekend—manylocalscometobuythem.?Mylittlesisteroften______(ask)metohelpherwithhermathhomework.?English______(teach)asamainsubjectinmostmiddleschoolsacrossthecountry.?LucyandLily______(walk)toschooltogethereveryweekdaybecausetheirhomeisneartheschool.?Theschoollibrary______(open)at8a.m.and______(close)at6p.m.fromMondaytoFriday.?Lettersandpackages______(deliver)topeople'shomesbypostmeneveryday.?Thisoldbuilding______(protect)bythelocalgovernmentbecauseithasalonghistory.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)（SimplePastTense）1.基本用法用法分類具體說(shuō)明例句過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某個(gè)明確時(shí)間發(fā)生，且已結(jié)束（時(shí)間可具體到“某時(shí)/某天/某年”）Hefinishedhishomeworkat7p.m.yesterday.（他昨天晚上7點(diǎn)完成了作業(yè)。）過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（現(xiàn)在已不做），可與“usedto”替換IwalkedtoschooleverydaywhenIwas10.（我10歲時(shí)每天步行上學(xué)。）過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)描述主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)的狀態(tài)（如外貌、性格、職業(yè)），現(xiàn)在已改變Shewasateacherfiveyearsago.（五年前她是一名老師。）2.常見時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（1）具體過(guò)去時(shí)間：昨天、昨晚/上周/上月/去年、前天、在2020年、在7月5日、昨天9點(diǎn)（2）過(guò)去時(shí)間段：在我童年時(shí)、當(dāng)我年輕時(shí)（3）其他：剛才、……之前，如三天前3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（worked）+其他被動(dòng)：動(dòng)作承受者+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+（by)+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Eg.Themeetingwasheldyesterday.（會(huì)議昨天召開了。）4.隨堂練習(xí)(1)I______(go)totheparkwithmyfamilylastSundayandwehadagreattime.?(2)Anewpark______(build)inourneighborhoodlastyear—nowkidscanplaythere.?(3)Mymother______(make)adeliciouscakeformybirthdayyesterdayevening.?(4)Thebrokenwindow______(repair)byaworkeryesterdayafternoon,soitdoesn'tleaknow.?(5)We______(take)manybeautifulphotosduringourtriptoLijianglastmonth.?(6)Thisimportantmeeting______(hold)inthecityhalllastFriday—manyleadersattendedit.?(7)Thewind______(blow)stronglylastnight,sosometreebranchesfelldown.?(8)Allthehomework______(check)bytheteacheryesterday,andmoststudentsgotgoodgrades.?(9)They______(buy)anewcarlastyearbecausetheiroldonewastoooldtodrive.?(10)Theoldbooks______(give)tothevillageschoollastweektohelppoorstudents.?三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（PresentPerfectTense）1.基本用法用法分類具體說(shuō)明例句過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去（時(shí)間不明確），但結(jié)果或影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在Ihaveeatenlunch,soI'mnothungrynow.（我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了，所以現(xiàn)在不餓。）（“吃午飯”是過(guò)去動(dòng)作，“不餓”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果）動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（常與“for+時(shí)間段”“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用）ShehaslivedinBeijingsince2018.（自從2018年起，她就住在北京了。）（“住”的動(dòng)作從2018年持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的“經(jīng)歷”表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在“曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事”（不強(qiáng)調(diào)具體次數(shù)，僅說(shuō)明“有過(guò)經(jīng)歷”）HaveyoueverbeentoParis?（你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)巴黎嗎？）（詢問(wèn)“從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在”的經(jīng)歷）2.常見時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)“影響/經(jīng)歷”：已經(jīng)，多用于肯定句、還、尚未，多用于否定句/疑問(wèn)句、曾經(jīng)，多用于疑問(wèn)句、從未、剛剛，動(dòng)作結(jié)束不久（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)”：for+時(shí)間段（如forthreeyears三年了）、since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如since2020自從2020年起、sincelastweek自從上周起）（3）其他：到目前為止、直到現(xiàn)在、在過(guò)去五年里、最近3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（worked）+其他隨堂練習(xí)Mysister______(learn)toplaythepianoforfiveyears,andshecannowplaymanydifficultpieces.?We______(live)inthissmalltownsince2018,andweknowalmosteveryonehere.?Thestudents______(finish)theirEnglishexamalready,sotheyarenowplayinggamesintheclassroom.?Mr.Wang______(teach)Englishinourschoolforover10years,andallhisstudentslikehim.?I______(read)threebooksthismonth,andthelastoneisaboutspaceexploration.?They______(visit)theGreatWalltwice,andtheyplantogothereagainnextyear.?Thelittleboy______(eat)twoicecreamstoday,sohismotherdoesn’tlethimhavemore.?Ourschool______(build)anewlibrary,anditwillopentostudentsnextweek.?She______(keep)thisoldteddybearsinceshewasfiveyearsold—it’sherfavoritetoy.?Tom______(win)threesingingcompetitions,andhewilljoinanationalcompetitionnextmonth.?四、三者核心區(qū)別對(duì)比表時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間定位能否用“具體過(guò)去時(shí)間”（如yesterday,in2020）核心例句對(duì)比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在（習(xí)慣/真理）不能（時(shí)間需是“當(dāng)前周期”，如everyday）Heplaysbasketballeveryweekend.（他每周打籃球。）一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去（特定時(shí)間）能（必須明確過(guò)去時(shí)間）Heplayedbasketballlastweekend.（他上周末打了籃球。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去→現(xiàn)在不能（時(shí)間需是“模糊或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”）Hehasplayedbasketballthreetimesthismonth.（他這個(gè)月已經(jīng)打了三次籃球。）（“三次”是到現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果）隨堂練習(xí)Alltheoldcomputersinourschool______(replace)withnewoneslastmonthtoimproveteaching.?We______(know)eachothersincewewereinprimaryschool—wearebestfriendsnow.?Freshmilk______(deliver)toourdooreverymorning,sowedon’tneedtogotothesupermarket.?Thestudents______(finish)theirscienceprojectlastweek,andtheyshowedittothewholeclass.?Thistraditionalfestival______(celebrate)bypeopleinthistowneveryyearwithsinginganddancing.?Mysister______(learn)topaintforthreeyears,andherworkshavewonseveralsmallprizes.?Tom______(read)thisstorybooktwice,sohecantellyoutheplotindetail.?Themeetingroom______(clean)everyeveningafterworktokeepittidyforthenextday.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)參考答案?cooks（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞加s）istranslated（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)）goes（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)）aresold（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)）asks（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞加s）istaught（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞）walk（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞用原形）opens;closes（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞加s）aredelivered（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)）isprotected（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)）一般過(guò)去時(shí)參考答案went（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，go的不規(guī)則過(guò)去式）?wasbuilt（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“was/were+過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)）?made（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，make的不規(guī)則過(guò)去式）?wasrepaired（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)）?took（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，take的不規(guī)則過(guò)去式）?washeld（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)）?blew（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，blow的不規(guī)則過(guò)去式）?waschecked（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞）?bought（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，buy的不規(guī)則過(guò)去式）?weregiven（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)參考答案haslearned（learn的規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，for+時(shí)間段表持續(xù)）havelived（live的規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)表從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）?havefinished（finish的規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，already為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞）?hastaught（teach的不規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，for+時(shí)間段表持續(xù)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)）?haveread（read的過(guò)去分詞與原形同形，thismonth為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間范圍）?havevisited（visit的規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，twice表動(dòng)作重復(fù)次數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)）?haseaten（eat的不規(guī)則過(guò)去分詞，to