2026屆高三第一次聯(lián)考卷英語(yǔ)命題：武漢名校名師團(tuán)隊(duì)聯(lián)合命制外審：郴州市第一中學(xué)、長(zhǎng)沙市弘益高級(jí)中學(xué)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題15分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthewomangotothepark?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.2.WhoisJack?A.AnagentB.Ateacher.C.Anactor.3.Whyisthewomananxious?A.Shemissedthedeadline.B.Herputerbrokedown.C.Herfilesaremissing.4.Whatdayisittoday?A.Saturday.B.Thursday.C.Tuesday.5.Whatdidthewomanprobablydolastnight?A.Attendingafashionshow.B.Visitinganexhibition.C.Workinginalab.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydidthemanfailtoconnecttotheInternet?A.Heconnectedtoadifferentnetwork.B.Hegotthepasswordwrong.C.Hejusttriedonce7.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Neighbors.所得少段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whichoftheingredientswasincludedinthedish?A.Stewedbeef.B.Greenpepper.C.Smokedpotato.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecourse?A.Hethinksitisawaste.B.HethinksitisbetterthanbeforeC.Hethinksitisadishcreatedfromageniusrecipe.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisregretfulaboutherchoice.B.Shecreatesthedishtotallyonherown.C.Shecouldhavebeenaprofessionalchef.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What'sthenewprogramabout?A.Anewschooldesk.B.Anewexerciseroom.C.Anewteachingpattern.12.What'sgoodabouttheprogram?A.Itsavesmoney,B.Itallowsyoutoleavethedesk.C.Ithelpsstudentstostayfocusedinclass.13.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Talkingtotheirteacher.B.Writingtotheheadmaster.C.Sharingthenewswiththeirclassmates.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Anovel.B.Adirector.C.Aninterview.15.Whichofthebooksisthemangoingtoread?A.Tolive.B.CriesintheDrizzle.C.ChronicleofaBloodMerchant.16.Whatwasnotmentionedintheinterview?A.Hislifeexperiences.B.Hisliteratureinfluences.C.Hiswritingphilosophies.17.WhatdidthehostthinkofYubeforetheymet?A.Humorous.B.Intelligent.C.Serious.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdoteenagersusetheircellphonesfor?A.Browsingpages.B.WatchingcartoonsC.SharingtheirlivesontheInternet.19.Howdothebabyboomersreactwhenintroducedtothecellphones?A.Acceptingithappily.B.Havingtroublefollowingthetrend.C.Immersingthemselvesinvideogames.20.WhatdoesPhillipsayabouthisparents?A.Theyaretooloudontheirphones.B.Theyarelessdependentoncellphones.C.Theyareembarrassedabouttheiraddictiontodevices.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIt’swidelyunderstoodthatamentorhasapositiveimpactonone’scareer.Yet,researchshowsthateventhough76%ofprofessionalsthinkmentorsareimportant,only37%currentlyhaveone.Oneofthemanyreasonsforthismismatchcouldbethatpeoplearetoonarrowintheirdefinitionofamentor.Greatmentorscanefromanywhere—theycanbeyoungerandmightevenbeoutsideofthefieldofexpertise.Anyonewhoseopiniononevaluesandtrustscanfillthisrole.Toillustratethatguidancecanefromawidevarietyofpeople,weaskedmembersoftheWyssInstituteatHarvardatvariouspointsintheircareerjourneystosharetheirbestadvice.Here’swhattheysaid:“First:Nothingisimpossible,it’sjustthatnobodyhasfoundawaytoacplishityet.Second:Don’tbedisappointedifreviewersdon’tbelieveinyourwork,it’sabetterreasontoprovethemwrong.”——BogdanBudnik,PrincipalScientist“ThebiggestpieceofadviceIwillgiveistostaycuriousandpersistent.Curiositywillhelpyouinnovate,andpersistencewillhelpyouoveredifficultiesthatyoumightface.Scienceisfullofunexpectedtwistsandturns.It’sonlywithanopenmindanddeterminationthatyouwillturnthoseobstaclesintoopportunities.”——JieJi,PostdoctoralFellow“Don’tbeafraidtoaskquestions!ThebestwayI’vefoundtoinvestinmyeducation,buildconnections,anddevelopresearchskillsisbybeinginquisitiveandcurious.Oneofthebestpartsaboutbeingaresearcherislearningaboutthingsthatareimportantandinteresting,andhavingtheopportunitytoasktheexpertsyouworkwithabouttheirareasofexpertiseisthebesttoolavailable!”——KatieLyon,ResearchAssistant1.WhatadvicedoesBogdanBudnikgive?A.Followyourpassion. B.Raisedoubt.C.Maintaincuriosity. D.Nevergiveup.2.WhatdoJieJi’sandKatieLyon’sadvicehaveinmon?A.Bothhighlightbeingcurious. B.Neitheradmittwistsandturns.C.Bothignoreupsanddowns. D.Neitherpraisebeingopenminded.3.Whoisthepassagemostlikelyintendedfor?A.Ambitiousyoungresearchers. B.Retireduniversityprofessionals.C.SeniormembersatHarvard. D.GreatmentorsoftheWyss.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要討論了導(dǎo)師對(duì)職業(yè)的積極影響，指出很多人對(duì)導(dǎo)師的定義過(guò)于狹隘，實(shí)際上導(dǎo)師可以來(lái)自任何地方，只要其意見被重視和信任?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BogdanBudnik所說(shuō)的“First:Nothingisimpossible,it’sjustthatnobodyhasfoundawaytoacplishityet.Second:Don’tbedisappointedifreviewersdon’tbelieveinyourwork,it’sabetterreasontoprovethemwrong.(首先：沒(méi)有什么是不可能的，只是還沒(méi)有人找到實(shí)現(xiàn)它的方法。第二：如果評(píng)審人員不相信你的工作，不要失望，這是證明他們錯(cuò)了的更好理由)”可知，BogdanBudnik的建議強(qiáng)調(diào)了面對(duì)困難和質(zhì)疑時(shí)不應(yīng)放棄，要證明質(zhì)疑者的錯(cuò)誤，即永不放棄。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JieJi所說(shuō)的“ThebiggestpieceofadviceIwillgiveistostaycuriousandpersistent.(我給你們的最大建議是保持好奇心和堅(jiān)持)”和KatieLyon所說(shuō)的“Don’tbeafraidtoaskquestions!ThebestwayI’vefoundtoinvestinmyeducation,buildconnections,anddevelopresearchskillsisbybeinginquisitiveandcurious.(不要害怕提問(wèn)！我發(fā)現(xiàn)投資教育、建立聯(lián)系和發(fā)展研究技能的最好方法就是好奇和求知)”可知，JieJi和KatieLyon的建議的共同點(diǎn)是都強(qiáng)調(diào)了好奇心的重要性。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Toillustratethatguidancecanefromawidevarietyofpeople,weaskedmembersoftheWyssInstituteatHarvardatvariouspointsintheircareerjourneystosharetheirbestadvice.(為了說(shuō)明指導(dǎo)可以來(lái)自各種各樣的人，我們請(qǐng)哈佛Wyss研究所處于職業(yè)生涯不同階段的成員分享了他們最好的建議)”及后文幾位研究人員給出的建議可知，文章主要是為那些處于職業(yè)生涯早期、尋求指導(dǎo)和建議的研究人員提供的，尤其是那些有抱負(fù)的年輕研究人員。故選A。B.U.S.graySundaymorninginMarch,ItoldanAIchatbotmylifestory.Fornearlytwohours,theAIchatbotcollectedmythoughtsoneverythingfromvaccinestoemotionalcopingstrategiestopolicingintheU.S.Whentheinterviewwasover,alargelanguagemodelprocessedmyresponsestocreateanewAIsystemdesignedtoresemblemybehaviorsandbeliefs—akindofdigitalcloneofmypersonality.Aweekaftermyinterview,Imetmygenerativeagent—let’ssay“he”.Itestedhisabilitytomakeinformedguessesaboutmylife,fillingininformationIhadn’tdirectlyprovided.Whenaskedifhisfamilyhaddogsgrowingup,hecorrectlyansweredyes,eventhoughIhadonlytoldtheAIchatbotthatmyparentshavedogstoday.Attimesthoseguesseswereridiculous.Whenaskedtodescribeanembarrassingmomentfromhispast,hemadeupastoryaboutapartyincollegeinwhichhe’dlosthisbalancewhiledancingandfellontoatablefullofsnacks.Thankfully,thatneverhappenedtotherealme.Mostmemorably,thereweremomentsthatfeltlikegenuineinsight.Ihadhadalongstressfulfewmonthsfullofuncertainty.Iaskedhim“What’ssomeadviceyou’dwanttooffertoyourpastself?“Embraceuncertaintyabitmore,”hebegan.Ihadtopause.TheresponsesocloselyechoedthethemesI’dexpresstomyselfinmyjournalthepreviousday.“IthinkIspentalotoftimeworryingaboutthefutureandtryingtocontroleveryaspectofmylife,andthatoftenledtounnecessarystress,”hecontinued.“Iwouldadvisemyselftotrusttheprocessandbemoreopentotheunexpectedpathsthatlifecantake.”Initially,thehumanistinmerefusedgenerativestuff.Silentlyinsistingthatthesoulisalotmorethanadataset.Aftermeetingmydigitaltwin,IwasawarethatImightberudelybigheaded,believingthatputerscouldneverposedecentpoetryoroutmatchhumansinchess.4.Whatdidthelargelanguagemodeldo?A.Itmadeadigitalcloneinstantly.B.Itgatheredtheauthor’sthoughts.C.Itevaluatedtheauthor’semotionsindetail.D.ItbuiltanAImirroringtheauthor’scharacteristics.5.HowdidtheAIanswertheembarrassingmoment?A.Itmadefalseassumptions. B.Itreliedonprovideddetails.C.Itusedanexternaldatabase. D.Itignoredcurrentinformation.6.Whydidtheauthorhavetopauseinparagraph3?A.TheAIrelievedhisunnecessarystress.B.TheAI’swordsmatchedhisprivatethoughts.C.TheAIamazedhimbyitsnovelandwiseinsights.D.TheAIdeniedthebeliefthatcontrolbringscertainty.7.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardsgenerativeAI?A.Remainingresistantthroughouttheexperience.B.Curiousatfirst,thendismissiveofitscreativity.C.Recognizingitsedgeovertraditionalposers.D.Doubtfulinitially,yetrealizinghisownprejudice.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在一個(gè)灰蒙蒙的三月周日早晨，將自己的生活故事告訴了一個(gè)人工智能聊天機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人通過(guò)處理作者的信息創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)模仿作者行為和信仰的AI系統(tǒng)，即作者的數(shù)字克隆體。作者隨后與這個(gè)生成的智能體進(jìn)行了互動(dòng)，并對(duì)其表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了描述和反思。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whentheinterviewwasover,alargelanguagemodelprocessedmyresponsestocreateanewAIsystemdesignedtoresemblemybehaviorsandbeliefs—akindofdigitalcloneofmypersonality.(采訪結(jié)束后，一個(gè)大型語(yǔ)言模型處理了我的回復(fù)，創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的AI系統(tǒng)，旨在模仿我的行為和信仰——一種我的人格的數(shù)字克隆)”可知，大型語(yǔ)言模型創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)模仿作者行為和信仰的AI系統(tǒng)，即一個(gè)反映作者特征的AI。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenaskedtodescribeanembarrassingmomentfromhispast,hemadeupastoryaboutapartyincollegeinwhichhe’dlosthisbalancewhiledancingandfellontoatablefullofsnacks.(當(dāng)被要求描述他過(guò)去的一個(gè)尷尬時(shí)刻時(shí)，他編造了一個(gè)大學(xué)聚會(huì)上跳舞時(shí)失去平衡，摔倒在擺滿零食的桌子上的故事)”可知，AI編造了一個(gè)故事來(lái)回答這個(gè)尷尬的時(shí)刻，即它做出了錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““Embraceuncertaintyabitmore,”hebegan.Ihadtopause.TheresponsesocloselyechoedthethemesI’dexpresstomyselfinmyjournalthepreviousday.(“再多一點(diǎn)擁抱不確定性，”他開始說(shuō)道。我不得不暫停一下。這個(gè)回答與前一天我在日記中對(duì)自己表達(dá)的主題如此接近)”可知，作者不得不暫停是因?yàn)锳I的話與他私下的想法相吻合。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Initially,thehumanistinmerefusedgenerativestuff.Silentlyinsistingthatthesoulisalotmorethanadataset.Aftermeetingmydigitaltwin,IwasawarethatImightberudelybigheaded,believingthatputerscouldneverposedecentpoetryoroutmatchhumansinchess.(起初，我內(nèi)心的人文主義者拒絕生成性的東西。默默地堅(jiān)持靈魂遠(yuǎn)不止是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集。在見到我的數(shù)字孿生體后，我意識(shí)到自己可能過(guò)于自大了，認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法創(chuàng)作出像樣的詩(shī)歌或在棋藝上超越人類)”可知，作者最初對(duì)生成性AI持懷疑態(tài)度，但在見到自己的數(shù)字孿生體后，他意識(shí)到自己可能過(guò)于自大了，即他認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的偏見。故選D項(xiàng)。CArtcanhaveincrediblepoweroverus.Yeteventhemosttimelessandcelebratedpiecescanberuinedbythemarchofthecenturies.Turningbacktheclockcanbeplicated——scientificallyandculturally.Itrequiresasetofskillsrangingfromarchaeologytochemistry.Conservationstartswithmaterialanalysis,whethertheartworkisacloth,sculpture,orpainting.Oneapproachwastoremoveatinypieceofpaintfromanartworktoanalyzelayersofpaintandseehowtheartistoriginallyconstructedit.But,increasingly,artconservationscientistshavebeenabletoadopttechnologiestomaketheanalysisprocesslessinvasive?Theyoftenborrowthesetechnologiesfromotherfields,notablythemedicalfield.CTscanningforinstance,canhelpdoctorspeerintobodies,butitcanalsohelpartconservationexpertsfindtinydetailsinartworks,suchasfingerprintsandtoolmarksthattheycouldn’tseewiththenakedeye——withoutdamagingtheworkitself.Althoughmorehightechcouldbeablessingtothefield,whatartconservationscientistsreallylongforismorecooperationbetweenscientists,nativeexperts,affectedmunitiesandthegeneralpublic.Theyhaverecenteredtheirfocusfromjustwhatapieceofartismadeofandhowtokeepitanshapetotheculturefromwhichtheartworkoriginated“We’restillverymuchsciencebased,butwe’vealsoetorealizeovertimethattheseobjectsinourcarehavevaluesrootedinthem,”saysGlennWharton,chairoftheUCLAProgramintheConservationofCulturalHeritage.“Wealwaystrytoassessthesevalues,whichleadsustowardsmunicatingwithpeoplewhoseculturalheritageitis.”Aswithmostthingsart,whatgetsconservedandwhatdoesn’tusuallyesdowntotimeandmoney.Thenumberofrestorationprojectsisfarmorethantheavailabilityofqualifiedscientistsinthefield.Andhistorically,ithasoftenbeenthemostvaluedworksownedbythewealthythatwererestored.Butwiththeevolvingfield,thisischanging.8.Whatcan“turningbacktheclock”refertoinparagraph1?A.Admiringatimelessartwork.B.Restoringanancientmasterpiece.C.Creatingacopyofacelebratedsculpture.D.Studyingthehistoryofafamouspainting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“invasive”inparagraph2mean?A.Destructive. B.Defensive. C.Restrictive. D.Expensive.10.Whathaveconservationexpertsprimarilyshiftedtheirfocusto?A.Moderntechnologiesforrestoration.B.Thepositionofartisticmaterials.C.Artworks’culturaloriginsandvalues.D.Artworks’physicalshapesandcolors.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Historicalachievements. B.Practicalchallenges.C.Valuableheritage D.Adequateresources.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹藝術(shù)品修復(fù)需多領(lǐng)域技能，現(xiàn)借醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域技術(shù)減少破壞，專家更關(guān)注文化根源與價(jià)值，同時(shí)提及修復(fù)面臨時(shí)間、資金等挑戰(zhàn)。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Yeteventhemosttimelessandcelebratedpiecescanberuinedbythemarchofthecenturies.Turningbacktheclockcanbeplicated——scientificallyandculturally.(然而，即便是最永恒、最著名的藝術(shù)品，也可能因歲月流逝而受損。Turningbacktheclock無(wú)論是在科學(xué)層面還是文化層面，都可能很復(fù)雜。)”可知，前文說(shuō)藝術(shù)品因時(shí)間受損，后文提及修復(fù)需要多領(lǐng)域技能，故“Turningbacktheclock”指“修復(fù)古老的杰作”。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Oneapproachwastoremoveatinypieceofpaintfromanartworktoanalyzelayersofpaintandseehowtheartistoriginallyconstructedit.But,increasingly,artconservationscientistshavebeenabletoadopttechnologiestomaketheanalysisprocesslessinvasive?Theyoftenborrowthesetechnologiesfromotherfields,notablythemedicalfield.CTscanningforinstance,canhelpdoctorspeerintobodies,butitcanalsohelpartconservationexpertsfindtinydetailsinartworks,suchasfingerprintsandtoolmarksthattheycouldn’tseewiththenakedeye——withoutdamagingtheworkitself.(一種方法是從藝術(shù)品上取下一小塊顏料，分析顏料的分層結(jié)構(gòu)，從而了解藝術(shù)家最初是如何創(chuàng)作這件作品的。但如今，藝術(shù)品保護(hù)科學(xué)家們已能逐漸采用新技術(shù)，讓分析過(guò)程更少invasive。他們常會(huì)從其他領(lǐng)域借鑒這些技術(shù)，尤其是醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域。例如，CT掃描既能幫助醫(yī)生透視人體，也能幫助藝術(shù)品保護(hù)專家發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)品中肉眼無(wú)法看到的細(xì)微細(xì)節(jié)，比如指紋和工具痕跡——且整個(gè)過(guò)程不會(huì)對(duì)藝術(shù)品本身造成損壞。)”可知，舊方法“取下顏料”有破壞性，新方法“不損壞作品”，故invasive意為“破壞性的”，與destructive含義相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyhaverecenteredtheirfocusfromjustwhatapieceofartismadeofandhowtokeepitanshapetotheculturefromwhichtheartworkoriginated“We’restillverymuchsciencebased,butwe’vealsoetorealizeovertimethattheseobjectsinourcarehavevaluesrootedinthem,”saysGlennWharton,chairoftheUCLAProgramintheConservationofCulturalHeritage.“Wealwaystrytoassessthesevalues,whichleadsustowardsmunicatingwithpeoplewhoseculturalheritageitis.”(他們已將關(guān)注重點(diǎn)重新調(diào)整：從單純研究藝術(shù)品的材質(zhì)構(gòu)成、如何保存完好，轉(zhuǎn)向了藝術(shù)品所屬的文化本源。加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目主任格倫?沃頓表示：“我們依然高度依賴科學(xué)，但隨著時(shí)間推移也逐漸意識(shí)到，我們所守護(hù)的這些物品蘊(yùn)含著深層價(jià)值。我們始終會(huì)努力評(píng)估這些價(jià)值，而這也促使我們?nèi)ズ蛽碛性撐幕z產(chǎn)的人群溝通?！?”可知，保護(hù)專家主要將焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向了藝術(shù)品的文化根源與價(jià)值。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aswithmostthingsart,whatgetsconservedandwhatdoesn’tusuallyesdowntotimeandmoney.Thenumberofrestorationprojectsisfarmorethantheavailabilityofqualifiedscientistsinthefield.Andhistorically,ithasoftenbeenthemostvaluedworksownedbythewealthythatwererestored.Butwiththeevolvingfield,thisischanging.(和藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的多數(shù)事情一樣，一件藝術(shù)品是否會(huì)被保護(hù)，通常取決于時(shí)間和資金。目前，修復(fù)項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)多于該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)合格科學(xué)家的數(shù)量。從歷史上看，往往是富人擁有的、價(jià)值最高的藝術(shù)品才會(huì)得到修復(fù)。但隨著這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的不斷發(fā)展，這種情況正在改變。)”可知，該段主要講述藝術(shù)品保護(hù)面臨的“時(shí)間、資金、人才短缺”等實(shí)際挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。DThefirstchemicalreactionsinthewakeoftheBigBanghavebeenrecreatedforthefirsttimeinconditionssimilartothoseinthebabyUniverseAteamofphysicistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinGermanyhasremadethereactionsofHeH?,amoleculemadefromahelium(氦)atommixingwithanhydrogenatom,whichexplainssomeoftheearliestprocessesthatgaverisetotheUniverseasweknowittoday.Some13.8billionyearsago,thebirthpainoftheUniverseproducedahotsoupoffundamentalparticles(粒子).Ittookabout380,000yearsforatomstoconcentrateintotheveryfirstelements,about75percentofwhichwerehydrogen.HydrogencontinuestodominatetheUniverse’singredientlisttoday.Noneofthat,however,couldhappenwithoutHeH?,amoleculethatscientistsbelieveplayedahugeroleincoolingtheUniverseenoughsothatthemolecularcloudscouldformtheseedsofbabystars.HeH?pavedthewayfortheformationofthefirststars.TheresearcherscarefullystudiedinteractionsbetweenHeH?andahydrogenatomwithoneextraneutron(中子)init,knownasdeuterium(氘).Theychangedthetemperaturetoseeiftemperatureplayedaroleinthereactionrate.Itdidnot.Therateatwhichthereactiontookplaceremainedsteady,regardlessofthetemperature—suggestingthattheroleHeH?playedintheearlyUniversedidnotdeclineascoolingunfolded,andthatitsroleintheformationofthefirstgenerationofstarswasasignificantone.“Previoustheoriespredictedasignificantdecreaseinthereactionprobabilityatlowtemperaturesbutwewereunabletoprovethis,”physicistHolgerKreckelexplains.“ThereactionsofHeH?withneutralhydrogenanddeuteriumthereforeappeartohavebeenfarmoreimportantforchemistryintheearlyUniversethanpreviouslyassumed.”12.WhatroledidHeH?playintheUniverse?A.Coolingbabystars. B.Mixingasoupofatoms.C.Loweringthetemperature. D.Formingearliestdeuterium.13.WhatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutHeH??A.Itbeeslesseffectiveatalowertemperature.B.Temperaturehaslittleeffectonitsreactionrates.C.Temperatureisthekeyfactortoitssteadyreaction.D.Itcaninteractwithdeuteriumfasterthanhydrogen.14.WhydoestheauthorquotephysicistHolgerKreckel?A.Toproveassumptionswrong.B.Tocriticizethenewexperiment.C.Toconfirmprevioustheories.D.TostressHeH?’sunexpectedworth.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFormationofEarlyStars. B.Deuterium’sImportance.C.TheRecreationofFirstChemistry. D.NewBigBang’sParticles.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了德國(guó)馬克斯·普朗克核物理研究所的物理學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)首次在類似嬰兒宇宙的條件下重現(xiàn)了大爆炸后的首批化學(xué)反應(yīng)，并詳細(xì)介紹了HeH?在宇宙形成過(guò)程中所起的作用?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Noneofthat,however,couldhappenwithoutHeH?,amoleculethatscientistsbelieveplayedahugeroleincoolingtheUniverseenoughsothatthemolecularcloudscouldformtheseedsofbabystars.(然而，若沒(méi)有HeH?（氦合氫離子），這一切都不可能發(fā)生。科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這種分子在冷卻宇宙的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了巨大作用——它使宇宙冷卻到足以讓分子云形成早期恒星的“種子”。)”可知，氦合氫離子（HeH?）在宇宙中扮演了降低溫度的角色。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theychangedthetemperaturetoseeiftemperatureplayedaroleinthereactionrate.Itdidnot.Therateatwhichthereactiontookplaceremainedsteady,regardlessofthetemperature.(他們改變了溫度，以觀察溫度是否會(huì)對(duì)反應(yīng)速率產(chǎn)生影響。結(jié)果表明，溫度并無(wú)影響——無(wú)論溫度如何變化，反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行速率始終保持穩(wěn)定。)”可知，溫度對(duì)氦合氫離子（HeH?）的反應(yīng)速率影響不大。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Previoustheoriespredictedasignificantdecreaseinthereactionprobabilityatlowtemperatures,butwewereunabletoprovethis,”physicistHolgerKreckelexplains.“ThereactionsofHeH?withneutralhydrogenanddeuteriumthereforeappeartohavebeenfarmoreimportantforchemistryintheearlyUniversethanpreviouslyassumed.”(物理學(xué)家霍爾格?克雷克爾解釋道：“先前的理論預(yù)測(cè)，低溫下該反應(yīng)的概率會(huì)大幅下降，但我們始終未能證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。因此，氦合氫離子（HeH?）與中性氫、氘的反應(yīng)，對(duì)于早期宇宙的化學(xué)演化而言，其重要性似乎遠(yuǎn)超此前的設(shè)想。”)”可知，作者引用物理學(xué)家霍爾格·克雷克爾的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)氦合氫離子（HeH?）意想不到的價(jià)值。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ThefirstchemicalreactionsinthewakeoftheBigBanghavebeenrecreatedforthefirsttimeinconditionssimilartothoseinthebabyUniverse.(大爆炸之后發(fā)生的首批化學(xué)反應(yīng)，首次在模擬早期宇宙的環(huán)境中被成功重現(xiàn)。)”可知，本文主要講述的是首次化學(xué)的重現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Assummerunfoldsandmoreofusspendtimeoutside—hiking,swimming,gardening,camping,orsimplyenjoyingapicnicinthepark—it’seasytoreconnectwithwhatweloveaboutthenaturalworld.____16____It’sinourrivers,lakes,forests,beaches—andinourpackaging,andhabits.Thegoodnews?It’salsooneofthemostsolvableenvironmentalcrisesofourtime.Aswesoakuptheseason,wemayalsogivebacktowhatbringsusjoy.Rethinksingleusehabits.Skipplasticwaterbottlesorbags.Investinareusablekit:awaterbottle,aclothnapkin,andatoteyoucankeepinyourcar.____17____Participateinamicrocleanup.____18____Youdon’tneedtowaitforanorganizedevent—justcarryingagloveandsmallbagcanturnawalkintoaquietactofdevotion.____19____Whetheryou’rehikinginthewoodsorlyingonthebeach,leavenotrace.Evenbiodegradable(可降解的)items(likeorangepeelsorpaper)candisruptecosystems.Bringasmallcontainerfortrashandrecyclingsonothinggetsleftbehind.Beamodel.Ifyou’respendingtimeoutsidewithkids,friends,ormunitygroups,usethemomenttogentlysharewhyitmatters.____20____A.Chooseplasticfreeitems.B.Packitin,packitout—always.C.However,plasticpollutiondoesn’ttakeavacation.D.Anyway,wecanfindtonsofgarbageinoureverydaylifeE.Asmallaction,witnessedbyothers,cansparkcollectivechange.F.Makeitahabittopickupafewpiecesoftrashduringeveryouting.G.Onethoughtfulswitchcaneliminatehundredsofthrowawayitems.【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章圍繞夏季戶外活動(dòng)時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)塑料污染、回饋?zhàn)匀徽归_，提出了重新審視一次性用品使用習(xí)慣、參與小型清潔活動(dòng)、帶走垃圾、以身作則這四個(gè)具體可行的建議。【16題詳解】上文“Assummerunfoldsandmoreofusspendtimeoutside—hiking,swimming,gardening,camping,orsimplyenjoyingapicnicinthepark—it’seasytoreconnectwithwhatweloveaboutthenaturalworld.(隨著夏季的到來(lái)，我們更多人會(huì)花時(shí)間在戶外——徒步旅行、游泳、園藝、露營(yíng)，或者只是在公園里享受野餐——很容易重新感受到我們對(duì)自然界的熱愛)”說(shuō)明了夏季人們享受戶外自然的美好場(chǎng)景，后文“It’sinourrivers,lakes,forests,beaches—andinourpackaging,andhabits.(它存在于我們的河流、湖泊、森林、海灘中——也存在于我們的包裝和習(xí)慣中)”提到了“它”的廣泛存在，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“它”指塑料污染，此處需要一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句引出塑料污染的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C

“然而，塑料污染可不會(huì)放假?！币赞D(zhuǎn)折的方式指出在人們享受夏季戶外時(shí)光時(shí)塑料污染依然存在，承接上文的美好場(chǎng)景，引出下文對(duì)塑料污染的論述。故選C?！?7題詳解】上文“Skipplasticwaterbottlesorbags.Investinareusablekit:awaterbottle,aclothnapkin,andatoteyoucankeepinyourcar.(不要使用塑料水瓶或塑料袋。購(gòu)買一套可重復(fù)使用的用品：水瓶、布餐巾和一個(gè)可以放在車?yán)锏氖痔岽?”說(shuō)明了放棄一次性塑料制品、使用可重復(fù)用品的做法。選項(xiàng)G

“一個(gè)深思熟慮的轉(zhuǎn)變就能減少數(shù)百件一次性用品?！背薪由衔?，強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種使用習(xí)慣轉(zhuǎn)變帶來(lái)的積極效果。故選G?！?8題詳解】上文“Participateinamicrocleanup.(參與小型清潔活動(dòng))”提出了參與小型清潔活動(dòng)的建議，下文“Youdon’tneedtowaitforanorganizedevent—justcarryingagloveandsmallbagcanturnawalkintoaquietactofdevotion.(你不需要等待有組織的活動(dòng)——只要帶上手套和小袋子，散步就可以變成一種默默的奉獻(xiàn)行為)”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明如何開展小型清潔活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)F“每次外出時(shí)養(yǎng)成撿幾片垃圾的習(xí)慣。”具體闡述了小型清潔活動(dòng)的做法，承接上文的建議，也為下文的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明提供了具體內(nèi)容。故選F?！?9題詳解】空處為本段小標(biāo)題。下文“Whetheryou’rehikinginthewoodsorlyingonthebeach,leavenotrace.Evenbiodegradableitems(likeorangepeelsorpaper)candisruptecosystems.Bringasmallcontainerfortrashandrecyclingsonothinggetsleftbehind.(無(wú)論你是在樹林里徒步旅行還是躺在海灘上，都要不留痕跡。即使是可降解的物品（比如橘子皮或紙）也會(huì)破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。帶上一個(gè)小容器裝垃圾和可回收物，這樣就不會(huì)有任何東西被留下)”主要講述了外出時(shí)要將產(chǎn)生的垃圾全部帶走，不留下痕跡。選項(xiàng)B“帶進(jìn)來(lái)的東西，一定要帶出去?！备爬讼挛牡暮诵膬?nèi)容，可以作為小標(biāo)題。故選B?！?0題詳解】上文“Ifyou’respendingtimeoutsidewithkids,friends,ormunitygroups,usethemomenttogentlysharewhyitmatters.(如果你和孩子、朋友或社區(qū)團(tuán)體一起在戶外，利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)溫和地分享這為什么很重要)”說(shuō)明了在戶外時(shí)向身邊人分享環(huán)保的重要性。選項(xiàng)E“一個(gè)被他人目睹的小行動(dòng)，就能引發(fā)集體的改變?！背薪由衔模瑥?qiáng)調(diào)了個(gè)人以身作則、分享環(huán)保理念帶來(lái)的積極影響。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OneeveningIhadjustefromthecarwashandwaswaitingformywifetogetoutofwork.ingmywayfromacrosstheparkinglotwas,whatsocietywould____21____,abum.Fromthe____22____ofhim,hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.Therearetimeswhenyoufeel____23____butthereareothertimesthatyoujustdon’twanttobe____24____.Thiswasexactlyoneofthosetimes.“Ihopehedoesn’taskmefor____25____,”Ithought.Hedidn’t.Itwasafterafewminutesthathespoke.“That’saverynicecar,”hesaid.Hewasinragsbuthadanairof____26____aroundhim.Isaid,“Thanks,”andcontinued____27____mycar.HesattherequietlyasIworked.The____28____begformoneynevercame.Asthe____29____betweenuswidened,somethinginsidemesaid,“Askhimifheneedsanyhelp.”Iwassurethathewouldsayyes,____30____Iheldtruetotheinnervoice.Iexpected____31____butagreedyhand.“Doyouneedanyhelp?”Iasked.Heansweredinthreesimplebut____32____wordsthatIshallneverforget.“Don’tweall?”hesaid.Weoftenlookfor____33____ingreatmenandwomen.Weexpectitfromthoseofhigherlearningandacplishments.OfcourseIneededhelp.Maybenotforbusfareoraplacetosleep,butIneededit.Nomatterhowmuchyouhave,youneedhelptoo.Inthesameway,nomatterhow____34____youarewithproblems,youcangivehelp.Thosethreelittlewordsstill____35____truetillthisday.21.A.consider B.support C.dismiss D.notice22.A.words B.notes C.looks D.signs23.A.thoughtful B.generous C.remarkable D.desperate24.A.selected B.restricted C.questioned D.bothered25.A.money B.food C.help D.mercy26.A.innocence B.dignity C.peace D.vision27.A.wiping B.pulling C.driving D.praising28.A.abandoned B.assumed C.included D.rejected29.A.distance B.difference C.silence D.resistance30.A.for B.and C.but D.so31.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing32.A.aggressive B.normal C.profound D.steady33.A.wealth B.wisdom C.independence D.patience34.A.engaged B.loaded C.connected D.disappointed35.A.alarm B.flash C.strike D.ring【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.C30.C31.D32.C33.B34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在停車場(chǎng)遇到一個(gè)流浪漢，對(duì)方?jīng)]有乞討，而是用一句深刻的話回應(yīng)了作者提供幫助的詢問(wèn)，讓作者意識(shí)到無(wú)論貧富，每個(gè)人都有需要幫助和給予幫助的時(shí)候?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從停車場(chǎng)對(duì)面朝我走來(lái)的人，用社會(huì)的眼光來(lái)看，是個(gè)流浪漢。A.consider認(rèn)為；B.support支持；C.dismiss解散；D.notice注意到。根據(jù)下文“abum”以及描述的流浪漢的形象“hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.”可知，此處指這個(gè)人是社會(huì)“認(rèn)為”的流浪漢的樣子，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)對(duì)流浪漢的標(biāo)簽化觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從他外表看，他沒(méi)有車，沒(méi)有家，沒(méi)有干凈的衣服，也沒(méi)有錢。A.words話語(yǔ)；B.notes筆記；C.looks外表；D.signs跡象。根據(jù)下文“hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.”可知，此處指從他的“外表”進(jìn)行的判斷。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候你會(huì)愿意慷慨解囊，但有時(shí)候你就是不想被打擾。A.thoughtful體貼的；B.generous慷慨的；C.remarkable非凡的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)上文“abum”、下文“begformoneynevercame”以及空后“butthereareothertimesthatyoujustdon’twanttobe”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處指面對(duì)流浪漢有時(shí)候愿意“慷慨幫助”，但有時(shí)候不想他們向自己乞討。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.selected選擇；B.restricted限制；C.questioned詢問(wèn)；D.bothered打擾。根據(jù)上文“There