新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語(yǔ)CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciencesRedefiningrurallife5Unit新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語(yǔ)CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciencesAftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeableto:explainhowartandculturehavebeenleveragedtodrivetheruralrevitalizationoftheEchigo-Tsumariregion;introducehowYucunVillageachievedruralrevitalizationandbecameamodelforChina’sgreendevelopment;writeastoryaboutruralrevitalizationusingtheflashbacktechnique;presentaproposalforruralrevitalizationbyadaptingdomesticandinternationalpracticestoaspecificChineseruralcommunity.Learning

objectives新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語(yǔ)CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciencesCONTENTSGettingonthestageUnlocking

thetopicViewingthroughthelensDiscoveringChinaExploringthefrontierRuralareasworldwidemayfacesimilarchallenges:shrinkingpopulations,agingresidents,anddecliningtraditionalindustries.Inresponsetothesechallenges,manycountriesareadoptinginnovativesolutionstorevitalizetheirsocial,ecological,andeconomiclandscapes.Tosparknewideasandpromoteurban-ruralcollaboration,thegovernmentofyourcityisorganizingacompetition–“ReimaginingRuralFutures.”P(pán)articipantsareinvitedtoproposeforward-lookingsolutionstorejuvenatetheirtargetruralcommunities,takingeconomicgrowth,culturalheritagepreservation,andecologicalsustainabilityintoaccount.Asacontestant,youwilldrawupaproposaltitled“Revitalizingourruralcommunities:Asustainabledevelopmentactionplan”andpresentyourideastoapanelofjudges.SettingthesceneActivatingsubjectknowledgeScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Howmighttraditionalagriculturalproductsbeinnovativelyrepurposedtodrivetherevitalizationofruralcommunities?Howcanintangibleculturalheritagecontributetoruralrevitalization?Whatstrategiescanhelpempowerruralresidentstorevitalizeruralareas,andhow?Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.ReferenceanswersTraditionalagriculturalproductscanberepurposedbyaddingcreativedesigns,improvingpackaging,orintegratingthemwithtourism.Forinstance,grainsortealeavescouldbesoldaspartofculturalgiftsetsorfeaturedinDIYworkshopswherevisitorscancreatetheirownproducts.Thisapproachnotonlyaddsvaluetotheproductsbutalsoattractsvisitorsandcreatesnewincomesourcesforlocalfarmers.ReferenceanswersIntangibleculturalheritage,suchastraditionalfestivals,canattracttouristsandpublicattentionwhenshowcasedthroughliveperformances,exhibitions,orinteractiveworkshops.Byinvolvingyoungergenerationsinsuchpractices,ruralcommunitiescannotonlypreservetraditionsbutalsocreatejobsandstrengthencommunityidentity.ReferenceanswersTherearesomestrategiesthatcanempowerruralresidentstodrivetherevitalizationofruralareas:First,localgovernmentscanofferessentialsupport.Forexample,providinggrantsorlow-interestloanshelpsruralresidentsinvestintoolsandequipmenttoimproveproductivity.Second,it’simportanttoprovideruralresidentswithtrainingprogramsonbusinessskillsortheeffectiveuseofdigitaltools.ReferenceanswersSuchprogramshelpruralresidentsstartsmallbusinesses,suchasonlineshopsoragritourismventures,toincreasetheirincome.Finally,involvingruralresidentsinplanninganddecision-makingprocessescanfosterasenseofownershipandpromotesustainedengagementincommunitydevelopment.Wordbank

poverty

n.貧困alleviation

n.緩解

mentality

n.心態(tài)entrepreneurial

a.企業(yè)家的esthetics

n.美學(xué)graduation

n.（大學(xué)）畢業(yè)WhatinnovativeapproacheshavebeenusedtotransformChina’sruralareas?Watchthevideoclipandcompletethenoteswithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)RuralrevitalizationinChina:CasesfromHainanGeneralgoalandapproach

Chinaaimstoenhanceruralresidents’financialwell-beingaftereradicatingextremepoverty.Theapproachbuildsupontraditionalstrengthstoachieveamuchbigger1)_______________.

businessscaleThecaseofZhongFeiqiu

Challenge:ZhongFeiqiu’svillagehascultivatedteaforgenerations,butusedtobeisolated,withlittleconnectionstothe2)_______________.Teausuallyservedlocalneedsandbroughtlittleincome.

ThecaseofChenMengli

Challenge:Librocadeisaprecious5)___________________________________fromChenMengli’shometown.However,withlimitedaccesstobroadermarkets,localcraftspeoplestruggledtoselltheirbrocadeworks.

outsideworldartform/intangibleculturalheritageThecaseofZhongFeiqiu

Turningpoint:In2014,the3)_____________________________broughtfinancialaidandnewroads.Peoplecameandexploredwaystoimprovethevillagers’livelihoods,focusingonteaproduction.

ThecaseofChenMengli

Turningpoint:Aftercollege,ChenMenglireturnedhomeandhelpedsellLibrocadeonline.Shecreativelycombined6)___________________________withthetraditionalbrocade.

povertyalleviationprogrammodernfashionestheticsThecaseofZhongFeiqiu

Solutions:ZhongFeiqiulearnedhowtoproduceblackteafromexperts.Shepartneredwithfellowvillagersinchargeofteacultivationandshared4)____________________________________________withthem.

ThecaseofChenMengli

Solutions:ChenMengliworkedwithover1007)_____________________________________,transformingtraditionalbrocadeproductsintofashionitems.Shealsocollaboratedwithaninternationaldesignertattractglobalinterest.

somesalesincome/salesincome/incomeLibrocadecraftswomen/craftswomen

ScriptsWhentraditionbecomesanewvehicleforinnovation–ruraldevelopmentinmodernChinaX=XiaCheng;Z=ZhongFeiqiu;C=ChenMengliX:Chinawantstotransformtheruralarea.Ithaseliminatedrural(extreme)poverty.Nowthetaskistoincreasethepersonalwealthandfinancialwell-beingoftheruralpopulation.Butthequestionishowtodothatwhenyouronlysourceofincomeisstillfromtraditionalfarming,butthattakesabitofaninnovation.

ScriptsTheinnovationwearetalkingisnotaboutcreatingsomethingnewbutratherbuildinguponsomethingoldtoachieve(a)muchbiggerbusinessscale.Thisishowit’sdone.ManyMiaoethnicpeopleliveinthesouthernpartofHainanIsland.Teahasbeengrownhereforgenerations.ZhongFeiqiuisalocalMiaogirl.Growingteahasbeenpartofherlifeformanyyears,butthevillageusedtohaveverylittleconnectiontotheoutsideworldastherewerenobigroadsbackthen.

ScriptsSothelocalsonlygrewteafortheirownconsumptionorsoldittoneighboringvillages.Asaresult,teacouldn’tbringthemanyextraincome.Until2014,theareawasstillinpoverty,butchangehappened.Z:

In2014,ourvillagebecamepartofthepovertyalleviationprogram.Wegotfinancialaidandnewroadsconnectingthecities.Peoplecametocheckoutthisplacetoseeiftheycouldhelpusmakealiving.

ScriptsTeawasthefirstthingmentioned.Manyroundsofteamakingtraininghappenedandmanyofthevillagersparticipated.X:

Totrulyletthemselvesoutofpovertyandearnalong-termeconomicincome,peopleinruralareasneedtobeempoweredwithskillsandanewmentalitytocreatewealth.Z:

Iusedtoonlymakegreentea,butagroupofteaexpertsfromFujiancameheretostayforawhile.Iwasexcitedbecauseofthevaluablechancetolearnhowtomakeblackteafromthem.

ScriptsX:

Gradually,thematurebusinessmodelfortheproductionandsalesofteaslowlyemerged.Z:

I’vegotmorefinanciallylessprivilegedvillagersonboard.We’vesignedcontract,Icollecttherawteafromthemandsharesomesalesincomewiththem.They’reinchargeofcaringfortheteagardensandhills.Theteaisverycleanandwedon’tuseanypesticide.Ihopemylittleteaworkshopcanexpandandhavemuchbiggersales.

ScriptsX:

WhatZhongFeiqiuwantstodonowistousethemodernInternettospreadthetealoveandattractmorepeopletotastetheuniqueflavorofhertea.AndtheInternetiswherealocalethnicfashiondesignerstartedherentrepreneurialjourney.ChenMengliisfromthelocalLiethniccommunityinHainan.C:

Librocadeisanintangibleculturalheritage.It’sapreciousartformfrommyhometown.Aftercollege,Ireturnedhomebutrealizedthatmyhometownwassoclosedofffromtheoutsideworld.

ScriptsSoIthoughtIcouldgathersomefinebrocadeworksfromlocalcraftswomenandLivillagesandhelpthemsellonline.X:

Withthisknowledge,ChenMenglibecamemoreconfidentincombiningmodernfashionestheticswiththeLibrocade.Herworkhasalsowonherawardsinlocalfashiondesigncompetitions.Alloftheseencouragedhertogofurther.C:

Inmyhometown,therearemorethanahundredLibrocadecraftswomen.Iwanttoworkwiththemclosely.

ScriptsIcangetordersforthemandtheycanusetheirskillstomakethebestbrocadeproductsthatwouldturnintofashionitems.Welearnfromeachother.I(I’ve)crossedover(to)fashiondesigns,andwe’veeventakenmybrandtofashionweeks.X:

AndshehopestointroducetheLibrocadetoamuchbroaderaudience.C:

IhaveworkedwithadesignerfromtheUniversityof(the)ArtsLondon.

ScriptsIinvitedhertocomeandstudyourbrocadetechniquesfurther,soshecouldcomeupwithsomeuniquedesignsforhergraduationcollection.Thatcouldattractmoreattentionfrompeopleoverseastothisculturalheritage.X:

InChina,manyruralareasarerichinlocalfarmproduce,culture,andnaturalsceneries(scenery).Butruralpeopledidn’tknowhowtousetheseresourcestocreatewealth.

ScriptsTheyneedhelp,notsimplyfinancialaid,butskillstomakeadifference.Whentheyareempoweredtothinkcreatively,newideaswillbeignited.AndtheruralareawillthrivejustasquicklyasthebigcitiesinChina.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1.Whatdoesitmeantobetruly“empowered”inthecontextofruraldevelopment?2.Howcandigitaltoolscontributetoskilldevelopment,marketexpansion,andculturalheritagepreservationinruralrevitalizationefforts?3.Howcouldsimilarstrategiesinthevideoclipbeadaptedtosupportthedevelopmentofyourhometownoraruralcommunityyouarefamiliarwith?ReferenceanswersTobetrulyempoweredinruraldevelopmentgoesbeyondreceivingresourceslikefinancialaidorinfrastructure;italsoinvolvesacquiringskills,knowledge,andamindsetneededtocreatelong-termvalue.Forexample,ZhongFeiqiulearnedhowtoproduceblackteaandstartedabusinessthatengagedothervillagers.Ultimately,trueempowermentisaboutmakinginformeddecisions,developingbusinesses,andmaintainingsustainableincomeindependently.ReferenceanswersWithdigitaltoolssuchastheInternetande-commerceplatforms,ruralentrepreneurscanlearndigitalmarketing,financialmanagement,andproductdesignthroughonlinetutorials,whilee-commerceplatformsenablewidermarketaccessvialivestreamingandtargetedadvertising.Additionally,thesetoolsplayakeyroleinculturalheritagepreservationbydigitizingtraditionalarts,hostingvirtualexhibitions,andsharinglivedemonstrations,whichhelpconnectglobalaudiencesandinspireyoungergenerations.ReferenceanswersSimilarstrategiescouldincludeidentifyinguniquelocalresources,suchastraditionalproducts,scenicareas,andcrafts,andcombiningthemwithe-commercetraininganddigitalmarketinginitiatives.Forinstance,localfarmerscouldbetaughttoimprovepackagingandpromotetheirproducethroughlivestreamingoronlineshops.ReferenceanswersCollaborationswithdesignersorinfluencerscouldhelptraditionalcraftsgainpopularitybyenhancingtheirappealandcreatingengagingcontentforsocialmedia.Theseapproacheswouldnotonlyboostthelocaleconomybutalsokeepculturaltraditionsalive.Pre-readingReadtheintroductionstotwoartinstallations,AirtheEveryoneandTheRiceFields.Canyoumakeaguesswherethesetwoartinstallationsaresetup?What’sthereasonbehindtheirpresencehere?Pre-readingThisartworkisdisplayedinavacanthousethatwasoncehometoametalworker.Theartisthastransformedthespaceintoastudio,filledwithvariousobjectsandtools,envisioninganimaginaryartisancraftingbellsandpeculiarimplementsdesignedtosendthebellsflyingthroughspace.Throughtheuseofsound,theinstallationestablishesaconnectionbetweenthehouseandthevillage,allowingvisitorstosensethepresenceofunseenindividuals.AirforEveryonePre-readingThisinstallationseamlesslyblendspoetry,landscape,andsculptureintoaharmoniouscomposition.Thepoetryreflectstheessenceoftraditionalagriculture,whilesculpturesdepictingricefarmersarethoughtfullypositionedontheoppositebank.Whenviewedfromtheplatform,thetextandsculpturesmergetocreatetheimpressionofaunified,livingpainting.TheRiceFieldsReferenceanswersThesetwoinstallationsarelikelysetupinarurallandscapeexperiencingdepopulation:oneislocatedinavacantmetalworker’shome,whiletheother,titledTheRiceFields,incorporatesJapanesepoetry,suggestingapossibleconnectiontoruralJapan.Artinstallationsinruralareasoftenservemultiplepurposes,suchas:Culturalrevitalization—Preservingorreinterpretinglocaltraditions,attractinginterest,andfosteringasenseofprideinruralheritage.ReferenceanswersTourismandeconomicboost—Uniqueartinstallationsattractvisitors,supportinglocalbusinessesandrevitalizingeconomicallystrugglingareas.Communityengagement—Collaborativeinstallationsinvolveresidentsincreativeprocesses,fosteringstrongersocialbonds.Contrastanddialogue—Placingmodernartinrusticsettingscreatesstrikingcontrasts,encouragingreflectionsontherelationshipbetweennature,tradition,andmodernity.Artisticexperimentation—Ruralspacesprovideaffordabilityandflexibilityforlarge-scaleorunconventionalprojects.StructureanalysisReadthepassageandmatcheachpartwithitscorrespondingmainidea.A.ThebenefitsbroughtbytheEchigo-TsumariArtTriennaletotheregion,includingattractingartistsworldwide,revitalizinglocalcommunities,andcontributingtothedevelopmentoftourismandotherbusinesses.B.AdescriptionoftheuniquecombinationbetweenEchigo-Tsumari’srurallandscapesanditsincongruousyetpoeticartinstallations.C.TheoriginandessenceofEchigo-TsumariArtTriennale.Para.1-2:BPara.3-5:CPara.6-8:ARevitalizingadyingruralregionwithart1Everyspring,anawakeningoccursintheEchigo-TsumariregionofJapan’sNiigataPrefecture.

Forsixmonthsinwinter,this“snowcountry”liesundersomeoftheheaviestsnowfallinJapan.InApril,thesnowbeginstomelt,uncoveringsea-greenterracedricefields,traditionalvernacularhouses,andanincongruousbutpoeticassemblyofartinstallationsandmuseums.2Amongtheartworksscatteredacrosstheregionarearefurbishedcentury-oldcottageinwhichvisitorssleepandrecordtheirdreams,atree-surroundedclassroomfilledwithbooksandrice-huskbeanbags,anoldworkshopretrofittedwithflyingbells,andatypographicalinstallationfloatingabovericepaddies.TheseworkswerecreatedovertimefortheEchigo-TsumariArtTriennale(ETAT),aregionalartfestivalspanning760squarekilometers.Sinceitsinceptionin2000,ETAThaspresentedcontemporaryartasacatalystforsocialengagementandecologicalrestoration.3Echigo-Tsumariusedtosufferfromdepopulation.Duetodeadlyearthquakesandincreasinglyharshwinters,theyoungergenerationwassteadilymovingtoJapan’scitiesoverthepastfewdecades,leavingmostlyelderlyfarmersbehind.Thisledtoissuessuchasanagingpopulation,vacanthouses,closedschools,andabandonedfarmland,whichprofoundlyaffectedtheEchigo-Tsumariregion.Inresponsetothesechallenges,thelocalgovernmentproposedaruralrevitalizationinitiativetoconveylocalcharmthroughartin1994.ItwasthisplanthatofficiallylaunchedETAT.4ETATwasessentiallyfoundedtosupportthesatoyamawayoflife,whichreflectsasymbiotic

relationshipbetweenhumansandtheland,andtorevitalizethedyingruralregion.Theinvitedartistscreatetheirworksnotonlyforart’ssakebutforrespectingandcelebratingthelivesofthefarmers.TheyhaveattemptedtodevelopartbasedoneachvillageofEchigo-Tsumari,insteadofconcentratingartworksinoneplaceinthemostefficientway.This“inefficient”methodofcuratinganartfestivalisarejectionoffast-pacedmodernlife.ItalignswithETAT’smissiontoemphasizethat“humanbeingsarepartofnature,”andnottheotherwayaround.Clocksaresetaside,andartistsmustwaitforthesnowtomeltbeforebeginningtheirwork.

5Initially,thevillagerswereunsureabouttheproject,andorganizershadtogodoortodoortogainsupport.ThefirstETATwasheldinonly28villages.Fifteenyearslater,theattitudewasoneofacceptance,ifnothope.Thepopulationwasstilldeclining,butatleastachannelofcommunicationhadbeenbuilt.Somefarmersbegantocollaboratewithvolunteers.

Now,over100villagesparticipateinthetriennialfestival.Residents,includingthoseover65,helpprepareartworks,perform,andguidevisitors,therebyengagingwithpeoplefromoutsidethecommunity.Theseinteractionshelpresidentsdevelopnewfoundprideinandappreciationoftheirhometowns.

6ETAThasattractedmanyartistsworldwide.Forexample,aChineseartistcreatedaninstallationtitledPenglaiforETAT.Withthehelpofvillagersandvolunteers,heusedstrawfromnearbyfieldstoconstructhundredsofboats.Theworksymbolizesamythicalutopiaofeternalabundance,where–eveninbarrenlands–peoplemaintainkindnessintheirhearts.

AnIndonesianartistcreatedAHandisaBeautifulThingincollaborationwithvisitorsandlocalchildren,encouragingthemtocraftpinwheelsfromrecyclablematerialslikepaperandcardboard.Thesecreationswereassembledintoalarge-scale,house-likeframeworkatacampground.

7Thefestivalhasbreathednewlifeintovacanthousesandabandonedfacilitiesthroughtheintroductionofcontemporaryart.Theartworkshelpeasethesenseofdepopulationinthearea.Forinstance,amuseumofapicturebook,wherethestoryunfoldsthroughouttheentirespaceofaclosedschoolbuilding,hasbecomeoneofthemostpopularattractionsinETAT.Intheformercanteen,villagersselltheirproducts.8Inaddition,ETAThascontributedtothedevelopmentoftourismandotherbusinesssectors,includingtours,accommodations,andfoodandbeverageservicesdesignedforfestivalattendees.Thesebusinessescreatenewjobopportunitiesandbolsterthelocaleconomy.Bothresidentsandnewcomerstotheareamanagetheartworks,facilities,andprojectscreatedduringthefestivalasyear-roundbusinesses.Suchinitiativeshelpmitigatetheoutflowofyoungergenerationsfromtheregion.Astheareacontinuestoattractrepeatvisitorsandlong-termvolunteers,manybecomesocaptivatedbythecommunityandenvironmentthattheyeventuallydecidetorelocatethere.9InspiredbyETAT,similarfestivalsareemergingaroundJapan.Oneofthemostsuccessfulfestivalsofitskind,supportedbythepublicsector,istheSetouchiTriennale–acontemporaryartfestivallaunchedin2010.ItisheldonseveralislandsoftheSetoInlandSea,where,likeEchigo-Tsumari,theyoungergenerationhasleftinsearchofwork,leavingbehindanagingpopulation.Byexhibitingartworksonislandsthatpreviouslyhadlittletoattractvisitors,thefestivalhasgivenpeopleareasontovisitandgeneratedaconsiderableeconomicboost.10ThesuccessofETATshowsthatregionalartfestivalscouldbeaviablesolutiontostemruraldepopulationandrevitalizeruralareas.Meanwhile,thedeepcooperationamonglocalgovernments,artists,communityresidents,andvolunteersplaysacrucialroleinboostingruralrevitalizationthroughthesefestivals.BackgroundinformationArthelpsrevitalizeruralJapanJapanhasfacedsignificantaginganddepopulationissues,with29.3%ofitspopulationaged65orolderin2024and63.2%ofitstotalareaclassifiedasdepopulated.TheEchigo-TsumariregioninNiigataPrefectureisaprimeexample.Knownasa“snowcountry”withharshwinters,theareafaceddepopulation,abandonedfarmland,andvacanthouses.Inresponsetothesechallenges,thelocalgovernmentlaunchedaboldculturalexperiment:usingcontemporaryartasatoolforruralrevitalization.ThisledtotheEchigo-TsumariArtTriennale(ETAT),apioneeringlarge-scaleartfestivalfoundedin2000.Ratherthanconcentratingartworksinurbancenters,ETATbringsartistsintothevillagestocollaboratewithresidentsandcreatesite-specificinstallations.Thefestivalnotonlyrejuvenatesabandonedhousesandschoolsbutalsobooststourism,stimulateslocalbusinesses,andcreatesjobs.Overtime,ETAThasbecomeamodelforruralrevitalization,showinghowartcantransformthecultural,ecological,andeconomiclifeofruralcommunities.awakening“Theword“awakening”isanoun,meaningtheactofwakingfromsleep(醒來(lái)).e.g.

Theawakeningofspringbroughtnotonlyvibrantcolorstothefieldsbutalsoasenseofrenewalandhope.Anothermeaningofthewordisanoccasionwhenyousuddenlyrealizethatyouunderstandsomethingorfeelsomething(覺(jué)醒；醒悟).e.g.

Hertriptothecountrysidewasanawakeningtotheimportanceofpreservingnature.vernaculara.(ofarchitecture)concernedwithdomesticandfunctionalratherthanmonumentalbuildings（建筑）民間風(fēng)格的n.[C,usu.sing.]aformofalanguagethatordinarypeopleuse,esp.onethatisnottheofficiallanguage

（尤指非官方語(yǔ)言的）本國(guó)語(yǔ)，本地語(yǔ)，土話，方言Theword“vernacular”isusedhereasanadjective,meaning(ofarchitecture)concernedwithdomesticandfunctionalratherthanmonumentalbuildings([建筑]民間風(fēng)格的).e.g.

Aheritagemuseumthatfeaturesvernacularhousesofthecountryhighlightsitslivingtraditions.Anothermeaningofthewordisaformofalanguagethatordinarypeopleuse,especiallyonethatisnottheofficiallanguage([尤指非官方語(yǔ)言的]本國(guó)語(yǔ)，本地語(yǔ)，土話，方言).e.g.

PeoplehereprimarilycommunicateintheirvernacularlanguagesratherthanstandardEnglish.incongruousTheword“incongruous”isusedhereasanadjective,meaningstrange,unexpected,orunsuitableinaparticularsituation(不

協(xié)調(diào)的；不相稱的).e.g.

Thesightofahorseandcarriageamongthecarsontheroadwasabitincongruous.huskn.

[C,U]thedryouterpartofcorn,somegrains,seeds,nuts,etc.（某些谷物、種子、堅(jiān)果等的）外皮，殼，莢catalystTheword“catalyst”isusedhereasanoun,meaningsomethingorsomebodythatcausesanimportantchangeoreventtohappen(導(dǎo)致重大變化[事件]的事物[人]；促進(jìn)因素).e.g.

Thatwaterwaybecamethecatalystforthearea’sindustrializationbyenablingthetransportofgoodsandattractingnewindustries.Anothermeaningofthewordisasubstancethatmakesachemicalreactionhappenmorequicklywithoutbeingchangeditself(催化劑).e.g.

Theenzymeactedasacatalyst,speedingupthechemicalreactionwithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.depopulationn.

[U]theactionofcausingacountryorareatohavefewerpeoplelivinginit人口減少；人口衰減Theword“depopulation”isusedhereasanoun,meaningtheactionofcausingacountryorareatohavefewerpeoplelivinginit(人口減少；人口衰減).e.g.

Depopulationcanbeaseriousproblem,asashrinkingcommunitymayeventuallystruggletomaintainitsessentialservices.abandoneda.leftemptyornolongerused廢棄的；被丟棄的symbiotica.

asymbioticrelationshipisoneinwhichorganisms,people,orthingsexisttogetherinawaythatbenefitsthemall共生的symbioticrelationshipThephrase“symbioticrelationship”meansarelationshipinwhichorganisms,people,orthingsexisttogetherinawaythatbenefitsthemall(共生關(guān)系).e.g.

Artistsandvillagersformedasymbioticrelationshipintheruralprojectastheyworkedtopreservetraditionsandcreateculturalexperiences.curateTheword“curate”meanstochooseandorganizetheart,music,objects,etc.foranexhibition,show,concert,etc.(策劃組織[展覽、表演、音樂(lè)會(huì)等]).e.g.

Thenationalmuseumcuratesthemedcollectionsaboutoceansandecosystems.ifnotThephrase“ifnot”meansperhapseven(甚至可能),anditisusedtointroduceamoreextremetermthanonefirstmentioned.e.g.

Hewasgenuinelyhelpfulduringtheproject,ifnotabsolutelyessentialtoitssuccess.recyclablea.

usedmaterialsorsubstancesthatarerecyclablecanberecycled可回收利用的campgroundn.

[C](BrE

campsite)anareawherepeoplecancamp,oftenwithawatersupplyandtoilets（有供水設(shè)備和廁所的）（野）營(yíng)地breathe(new)lifeintosomethingThephrase“breathe(new)lifeintosomething”meanstogivenewenergyandexcitementtosomething(給…注入新的活力).e.g.Therenovationprojectbreathedlifeintotheoldneighborhoodbyattractingnewbusinessesandresidents.Everyspring,anawakeningoccursintheEchigo-TsumariregionofJapan’sNiigataPrefecture.[Meaning]:Everyyearinspring,naturebeginstocomealiveagainintheEchigo-TsumariregionofJapan’sNiigataPrefecture.

Forsixmonthsinwinter,this“snowcountry”liesundersomeoftheheaviestsnowfallinJapan.[Notes]:“Snowcountry”referstoregionsinJapanthatexperienceheavysnowfalloverextendedperiods.MostoftheseareasarelocatedinthewesternpartofHonshu(本州島).Thisisbecausemoisture-filledcloudsformasseawaterfromtheSeaofJapanevaporates,andthesecloudsarethencarriedtowardthewesternfrontofHonshubymonsoonwindsoriginatingfromSiberia(西伯利亞).

InApril,thesnowbeginstomelt,uncoveringsea-greenterracedricefields,traditionalvernacularhouses,andanincongruousbutpoeticassemblyofartinstallation