2025最新高中英語高一下冊期末復(fù)習(xí)卷（人教版/外研版通用）（滿分：150分考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）一、聽力部分（30分）（略，參照高考真題題型：5段短對話+2段長對話+1篇短文，共20小題，每題1.5分。話題涵蓋校園生活、興趣愛好、旅行計(jì)劃、人物介紹等，語速適中，重點(diǎn)考查細(xì)節(jié)捕捉與推理判斷能力。）二、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheScienceofLaughter

Laughterisoftencalled“thebestmedicine,”andresearchisprovingitright.Studiesshowthatlaughterhasnumerousphysicalandmentalhealthbenefits,fromreducingstresstostrengtheningtheimmunesystem.Whenwelaugh,ourbodyreleasesendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),the“feel-good”chemicalsthatactasnaturalpainkillers.A2020studypublishedintheJournalofNeurosciencefoundthatevenanticipatingalaughcanboostendorphinlevels.Laughteralsolowerscortisol(皮質(zhì)醇),thestresshormone,andincreasesbloodflow,whichimprovescardiovascular(心血管的)health.Mentally,laughterenhancesmoodandsocialconnection.Itactsasabondingtool,helpingpeoplefeelmoreconnectedtoothers.Inagroupsetting,sharedlaughtercanbreakdownbarriersandfosterasenseofbelonging.Forexample,laughtertherapyisusedinhospitalstohelppatientscopewithanxietyanddepression.Interestingly,laughterisalsocontagious.Hearingsomeonelaughtriggersthebrain’smirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元),whichmakeusmorelikelytolaughtoo.Thisiswhycomedyshowsorfunnyvideosoftengoviral—we’rebiologicallywiredtosharethejoy.Butnotalllaughteriscreatedequal.Genuinelaughter,whichcomesfromrealamusement,hasstrongerhealthbenefitsthanforcedlaughter.However,evenfakelaughtercaneventuallyleadtogenuinesmiles,asthebodycan’teasilydistinguishbetweenthetwo.So,thenexttimeyouhearajoke,don’tholdback—yourbody(andmind)willthankyou.1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.Thehistoryoflaughterresearch.B.Thephysicalandmentalbenefitsoflaughter.C.Thedifferencebetweengenuineandforcedlaughter.D.Theroleoflaughterincomedyshows.2.Accordingtothetext,whathappensinthebodywhenwelaugh?A.Stresshormonesincrease.B.Bloodflowdecreases.C.Endorphinsarereleased.D.Painsensitivityworsens.3.Whyislaughterconsidereda“bondingtool”?A.Ithelpspeoplesolveproblemstogether.B.Itcreatesasenseofsharedjoyandconnection.C.Itreplacestheneedforverbalcommunication.D.Itimprovesindividualconcentration.4.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutfakelaughter?A.Ithasnohealthbenefits.B.Itcaneventuallyleadtogenuinesmiles.C.Itismoreeffectivethangenuinelaughter.D.Itisbiologicallydifferentfromreallaughter.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Topromotecomedyclubs.B.Toexplainthesciencebehindlaughter’sbenefits.C.Tocomparedifferenttypesoflaughter.D.Toencouragepeopletowatchfunnyvideos.BTheRiseofUrbanFarming

Urbanfarming,thepracticeofgrowingfoodincities,isnolongeranichetrendbutaglobalmovement.FromrooftopgardensinNewYorktoverticalfarmsinSingapore,citiesarefindinginnovativewaystoproducefreshproducelocally.Themaindriverofthistrendisfoodsecurity.Withtheglobalpopulationexpectedtoreach9.7billionby2050,and70%ofpeopleprojectedtoliveinurbanareas,traditionalruralfarmingmaystruggletomeetdemand.Urbanfarmingshortensthesupplychain,reducingtransportationemissionsandensuringfresherproduce.Technologicaladvancementsarealsofuelingthegrowth.Hydroponics(水培)andaeroponics(氣霧栽培)allowcropstogrowwithoutsoil,usingnutrient-richwaterormist.LEDlightingandsmartsensorsoptimizelight,temperature,andwaterusage,enablingyear-roundproductioneveninsmallspaces.Communitygardens,whereresidentscollectivelygrowvegetables,areanotherpopularform.Theynotonlyprovidefoodbutalsostrengthensocialbondsandteachsustainablepractices.InDetroit,forexample,abandonedlotshavebeentransformedintothrivingurbanfarms,creatingjobsandrevitalizingneighborhoods.However,challengesremain.Limitedspace,highinitialcosts,andzoningregulations(分區(qū)法規(guī))canrestricturbanfarming.Yet,astechnologyimprovesandawarenessgrows,citiesarelikelytoplayanincreasinglyvitalroleinfeedingthefuture.6.Whatistheprimaryreasonforthegrowthofurbanfarming?A.Thedeclineofruralfarming.B.Theneedforfoodsecurityincities.C.Thepopularityofgardeninghobbies.D.Theavailabilityofadvancedtechnology.7.Howdohydroponicsandaeroponicscontributetourbanfarming?A.Theyreducetheneedforwaterandnutrients.B.Theyenablecropgrowthwithoutsoil.C.Theyincreasetransportationefficiency.D.Theyrequirelargeopenspaces.8.Whatisasocialbenefitofcommunitygardensmentionedinthetext?A.Theylowerthecostoffreshproduce.B.Theyimproveairqualityincities.C.Theystrengthencommunityrelationships.D.Theyreplacetraditionalsupermarkets.9.Whatisachallengefacedbyurbanfarming?A.Lackofinterestfromresidents.B.Excessivegovernmentsupport.C.Restrictionsfromzoningregulations.D.Overproductionofcrops.10.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardurbanfarming?A.Skeptical.B.Neutral.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.C（說明文：文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)/科技應(yīng)用等，5題）（略，主題如“TheDigitalPreservationofAncientManuscripts”“TheRoleofDronesinWildlifeConservation”等，每題2分，考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、主旨大意等。）第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoBuildaGrowthMindset

Agrowthmindset,thebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthrougheffortandlearning,iskeytoachievinglong-termsuccess.Here’showtocultivateit.First,reframefailureasfeedback.11Insteadofseeingalowgradeorarejectedapplicationasapersonalflaw,viewitasinformationaboutwhattoimprove.Askyourself:“WhatcanIlearnfromthis?”Thisshiftinperspectivehelpsyoubouncebackfaster.Second,embracechallenges.Peoplewithagrowthmindsetactivelyseekoutdifficulttasksbecausetheyknowtheseareopportunitiestolearn.12Forexample,ifyou’reafraidofpublicspeaking,joinadebateclub.Discomfortisasignyou’restretchingbeyondyourcomfortzone.Third,valueeffortovertalent.13Instead,praisetheprocess—“Youstudiedreallyhardforthatexam”ratherthan“You’resosmart.”Thisencouragespersistenceandresilience.Fourth,surroundyourselfwithgrowth-mindedpeople.14Theirattitudesandbehaviorscaninfluenceyourown.Joinstudygroupsorcommunitieswherememberssupporteachother’sprogress.Finally,bepatient.Developingagrowthmindsettakestime.15Celebratesmallwins,likeimprovingaskillorhandlingasetbackbetter,andkeepmovingforward.A.Challengesareunavoidableinlife.

B.Failureisanaturalpartofthelearningprocess.

C.They’llinspireandmotivateyoutokeepgrowing.

D.Talentisfixed,buteffortcanalwaysbeincreased.

E.Don’texpecttochangeovernight—progressisgradual.

F.Whenfacedwithadifficulttask,askforhelpimmediately.

G.Thinkofobstaclesassteppingstonestosuccess.三、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThePowerofaKindWord

Itwasacold,rainyeveninginNovember.Iwaswalkinghomefromthegrocerystore,myarmsloadedwithbags,whenInoticedanoldmansittingaloneonabenchinthepark.Hisclotheswerewetandtorn,andhelooked16andhopeless.Ihesitatedforamoment,thensetdownmybagsandwalkedover.“Hi,”Isaidgently.“Itlookslikeyoucouldusea17.”Helookedup,surprised,andthenmanagedaweaksmile.“I’vebeenhavingatoughday,”headmitted.“Ilostmyjoblastweek,andIdon’thaveanymoneyforfoodorshelter.”Isatdownbesidehimandlistenedashesharedhisstory.Hehadworkedasamechanicfor30yearsbuthadbeenlaidoffduetothefactoryclosing.18,hehadnosavingsandnofamilynearbytoturnto.Ashespoke,Icouldseethepainand19inhiseyes.Insteadofofferingimmediatesolutions,Isimplylistened.Sometimes,themostpowerfulthingwecandoforsomeoneisto20themwithoutjudgment.Whenhefinished,Ireachedintomypocketandpulledouta$20bill.“Here,”Isaid.“Thisisn’tmuch,butitmighthelpyougetamealoranightinashelter.”Hiseyeswidenedin21.“Areyouserious?That’ssokindofyou.”Hetookthemoney,holdingittightlyasifitwereaprecious22.“Thankyou,”hewhispered.“Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”AsIwalkedaway,Ifeltasenseof23.Irealizedthatevenasmallactofkindnesscouldhaveaprofoundimpactonsomeone’slife.Laterthatnight,Ithoughtabouthoweasyitisto24thestrugglesofothers,especiallywhenwe’rebusywithourownlives.Butthatevening,Ichoseto25,anditremindedmeofthepowerofcompassion.16.A.proudB.tiredC.hopelessD.curious17.A.mealB.jobC.restD.hand18.A.WorsestillB.InadditionC.AsaresultD.Onthecontrary19.A.angerB.fearC.sadnessD.excitement20.A.judgeB.comfortC.blameD.ignore21.A.shockB.confusionC.angerD.disappointment22.A.giftB.treasureC.toolD.weapon23.A.guiltB.reliefC.satisfactionD.loneliness24.A.noticeB.understandC.ignoreD.solve25.A.reachoutB.turnbackC.giveupD.stayaway四、語法填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheSilkRoad:ABridgeofCultures

TheSilkRoadwasanancientnetworkoftraderoutes26(connect)theEastandtheWest.Itstretchedover6,400kilometers,27(pass)throughdeserts,mountains,andplains.EstablishedduringtheHanDynasty(206BCE—220CE),itremainedavitalchannelforculturalandeconomicexchangeforcenturies.MerchantstraveledalongtheSilkRoad,carryinggoodssuchassilk,spices,tea,andglassware.28(they)journeyswereoftendangerous,29(face)threatsfrombanditsandharshweather.Yet,thesechallengesdidnotstoptheflowofideas,religions,andtechnologies.Buddhism,forexample,30(introduce)toChinafromIndiaviatheSilkRoadint