2025年外貿(mào)函電翻譯試題及答案

一、單項選擇題1.Wearewritingtoyou______thehopeofestablishingbusinessrelations.A.onB.inC.withD.for答案：C2.Pleasequoteusyourbestprice______CIFNewYork.A.onB.atC.forD.with答案：A3.WehavereceivedyourletterofMay10th,______wearegladtoinformyouthatyourorderhasbeenshipped.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.onwhichD.fromwhich答案：A4.Thegoodswillbeshipped______threedays.A.afterB.inC.forD.during答案：B5.Wearelookingforwardto______yourearlyreply.A.receiveB.receivingC.bereceivedD.havereceived答案：B6.Thisofferis______yourreplyreachingusbeforeMay31st.A.subjecttoB.basedonC.duetoD.thanksto答案：A7.Thequalityofthegoodsmustbe______thesample.A.sameasB.similartoC.equaltoD.identicalwith答案：D8.Weregrettoinformyouthatwecan'tacceptyourclaimasthegoodsare______thetermsofthecontract.A.inaccordancewithB.outofC.contrarytoD.dueto答案：A9.Theexporterusuallysendsa______totheimporterwhenthegoodsarereadyforshipment.A.proformainvoiceB.commercialinvoiceC.packinglistD.shippingadvice答案：D10.Theimporterhastoapplyfora______fromthecustomswhenthegoodsarriveattheport.A.certificateoforiginB.billofladingC.customsdeclarationD.inspectioncertificate答案：C二、多項選擇題1.Whichofthefollowingarethemaintypesofinternationaltradedocuments?A.CommercialinvoiceB.BillofladingC.InsurancepolicyD.Certificateoforigin答案：ABCD2.Whenwritingabusinessletter,weshouldpayattentionto______.A.clarityB.courtesyC.concisenessD.correctness答案：ABCD3.Thefollowingtermsarerelatedtopriceininternationaltrade______.A.FOBB.CIFC.CFRD.EXW答案：ABC4.Whatarethefunctionsofapackinglist?A.ToshowthedetailsofthegoodspackedB.TohelpintheloadingandunloadingofgoodsC.ToserveasabasisforcustomsinspectionD.Tocalculatethefreight答案：ABC5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasameansofpaymentininternationaltrade?A.RemittanceB.CollectionC.LetterofcreditD.Cash答案：ABC6.Theadvantagesofusingaletterofcreditininternationaltradeinclude______.A.SecurityforboththeexporterandtheimporterB.FacilitationofinternationaltradetransactionsC.ReductionofrisksD.Flexibilityinpaymentterms答案：ABC7.Whennegotiatingacontract,themainpointstobeconsideredare______.A.PriceB.QuantityC.QualityD.Deliverytime答案：ABCD8.Whatshouldanexporterdoifthereisaclaimfromtheimporter?A.InvestigatetheclaimcarefullyB.DecidewhethertoaccepttheclaimornotbasedonthefactsC.TakeappropriatemeasurestosolvetheproblemD.Ignoretheclaim答案：ABC9.Thefollowingarethestepsininternationaltrade______.A.EstablishingbusinessrelationsB.InquiryandofferC.Counter-offerandacceptanceD.Contractnegotiationandconclusion答案：ABCD10.Whichofthefollowingdocumentsareusedforcustomsclearance?A.CommercialinvoiceB.BillofladingC.CertificateoforiginD.Packinglist答案：ABCD三、判斷題1.Aproformainvoiceisaformalinvoiceusedforcustomsclearance.(×)2.FOBmeansFreeonBoard,andthesellerisresponsibleforloadingthegoodsonboardtheship.(×)3.Ininternationaltrade,thebuyeralwayspaysthefreight.(×)4.Aletterofcreditisissuedbytheimporter.(×)5.Thequalityofthegoodsshouldbestrictlyinlinewiththecontractrequirements,otherwisetheexportermayfaceclaims.(√)6.Whenwritingabusinessletter,itisnotnecessarytobepolite.(×)7.Theexportercanshipthegoodswithoutwaitingfortheimporter'sreplytotheoffer.(×)8.Abillofladingisonlyareceiptforthegoodsshipped.(×)9.Theimporterhastherighttoinspectthegoodsaftertheyarriveatthedestination.(√)10.Onceacontractissigned,neitherpartycanmakeanychanges.(×)四、簡答題1.簡述商業(yè)發(fā)票的作用。商業(yè)發(fā)票是出口商向進口商開立的發(fā)貨價目清單，是買賣雙方記賬的依據(jù)，也是進出口報關(guān)交稅的總說明。它詳細(xì)列出了貨物的名稱、規(guī)格、數(shù)量、單價、總價等內(nèi)容，有助于進口商了解貨物詳情，進行付款和記賬等操作，同時也是海關(guān)進行征稅等工作的重要文件。2.說明FOB、CIF、CFR三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語的異同點。相同點：都是國際貿(mào)易中常用的術(shù)語，都用于規(guī)定貨物的價格構(gòu)成和買賣雙方的責(zé)任、費用、風(fēng)險劃分。不同點：FOB術(shù)語下，賣方在裝運港將貨物裝上船后，風(fēng)險即轉(zhuǎn)移給買方，買方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙和支付運費；CIF術(shù)語下，賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙、支付運費并辦理保險，將貨物在裝運港裝上船后，風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移給買方；CFR術(shù)語下，賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙和支付運費，在裝運港裝上船后風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移給買方，但不負(fù)責(zé)辦理保險。3.簡述合同磋商的主要環(huán)節(jié)。合同磋商主要有四個環(huán)節(jié)。首先是詢盤，一方欲購買或出售貨物向?qū)Ψ皆儐柦灰讞l件。接著是發(fā)盤，一方向另一方提出訂立合同的建議。然后是還盤，受盤人對發(fā)盤內(nèi)容提出修改或變更。最后是接受，受盤人無條件同意發(fā)盤內(nèi)容，合同即告成立。4.說明提單的性質(zhì)和作用。提單具有貨物收據(jù)、運輸合同證明和物權(quán)憑證的性質(zhì)。作為貨物收據(jù)，它是承運人收到貨物后出具的證明；作為運輸合同證明，它體現(xiàn)了托運人與承運人之間的運輸約定；作為物權(quán)憑證，提單的合法持有人有權(quán)憑提單向承運人提取貨物，也可在載貨船舶到達目的港交貨之前進行轉(zhuǎn)讓或憑以向銀行辦理抵押貨款。五、討論題1.討論在國際貨物買賣中如何選擇合適的貿(mào)易術(shù)語。選擇合適的貿(mào)易術(shù)語要考慮多種因素。首先是運輸條件，若買方有能力安排運輸，可選用FOB；若賣方更熟悉運輸事宜，CIF或CFR可能更合適。其次是貨物特性，如易損壞的貨物，選用CIF術(shù)語，賣方辦理保險可降低風(fēng)險。還要考慮運費和保險費的波動，以及雙方的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和市場情況等。綜合這些因素，才能選出最有利于交易的貿(mào)易術(shù)語。2.談?wù)勅绾翁幚韲H貿(mào)易中的索賠問題。處理國際貿(mào)易索賠問題，首先要認(rèn)真調(diào)查索賠原因，確定責(zé)任歸屬。若屬賣方責(zé)任，應(yīng)積極與買方溝通，協(xié)商解決方案，如換貨、補貨、降價等。若因不可抗力等特殊原因?qū)е聠栴}，要及時提供相關(guān)證明，爭取雙方協(xié)商解決。在處理過程中要保持冷靜和專業(yè)，依據(jù)合同和相關(guān)法律規(guī)定，公平合理地解決索賠糾紛，維護雙方的合法權(quán)益，避免影響后續(xù)貿(mào)易關(guān)系。3.討論商業(yè)信用和銀行信用在國際貿(mào)易支付中的應(yīng)用及風(fēng)險。商業(yè)信用下，如匯付和托收，付款依賴買賣雙方的信用。匯付中，預(yù)付貨款對賣方有利但對買方風(fēng)險大，貨到付款則相反。托收中，付款交單對買方較有利，承兌交單對賣方風(fēng)險大。銀行信用主要指