2017年黑龍江大學英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題試卷一、詞語翻譯1.英譯漢__________________________________________________________________________________________2.taxbreak

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（正確答案：減稅優(yōu)惠）3.makeanoiseinaworld

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（正確答案：轟動世界）4.hardtranslation

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（正確答案：硬譯，辛苦翻譯）5.jumpatachance

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（正確答案：抓住機會）6.apoorapology

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（正確答案：有名無實）7.reallysomething

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（正確答案：真了不起）8.wildliferefuge

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（正確答案：野生動物保護區(qū)）9.organicpollutants

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（正確答案：有機污染物）10.flashmemory

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（正確答案：閃存）11.mannedspaceprogram

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（正確答案：載人航天工程）12.legalsanctions

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（正確答案：法律制裁）13.getoffonthewrongfoot

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（正確答案：出師不利）14.culturaldiffusion

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（正確答案：文化傳播）15.multipleratesofexchange

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（正確答案：多種匯率）16.promotenuclearnon-proliferation

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（正確答案：促進核不擴散）17.漢譯英__________________________________________________________________________________________18.民政部

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（正確答案：MinistryofCivilAffairs）19.行政問責制度

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（正確答案：administrativesystemofaccountability）20.（上海）外灘

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（正確答案：ShanghaiBund）21.啟發(fā)式教學

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（正確答案：heuristiceducation）22.周恩來故居

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（正確答案：HomeofZhouEnlai）23.粽子

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（正確答案：traditionalChineserice-pudding;ricedumpling）24.春秋戰(zhàn)國時期

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（正確答案：SpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod）25.布達拉宮

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（正確答案：ThePotalaPalace（inLhasa,Tibet））26.辛亥革命

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（正確答案：theRevolutionof1911）27.扶貧

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（正確答案：supportingthepoor）28.永不稱霸

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（正確答案：neverseekhegemony）29.剽竊

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（正確答案：plagiarize）30.來樣加工

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（正確答案：processingwithgivenmaterials）31.溫哥華

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（正確答案：Vancouver）32.德智體美勞全面發(fā)展

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（正確答案：all-rounddevelopment）二、英漢互譯33.英譯漢__________________________________________________________________________________________34.Howmanfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmansomehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachotherandthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletterswhichwouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociation—thingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Doyouthinkaboutthereasonwhyyoudon'tbecomeaboss?Thereasonisthatyourbosshasabiggervocabularythanyoudo.Maybeyoucan'tbelieveit.Thisdiscoveryhasbeenmadeinthelaboratoriesoftheworld.NotbytheoreticalEnglishprofessors,butbypractical,hard-headedscholarswhohavebeensearchingforthesecretsofsuccess.Afterahostofexperimentsandyearsoftestingtheyhavefoundout:Ifyourvocabularyislimited,yourchancesofsuccessarelimited.Dr.JohnsonO'ConnoroftheHumanEngineeringLaboratoryofBostonandoftheStevesInstituteofTechnologyinHoboken,NewJersey,gaveavocabularytestto100youngmenwhowerestudyingtobeindustrialexecutives.Fiveyearslaterthosewhohadpassedintheuppertenpercentofall,withoutexception,hadexecutivepositions,whilenotasinglemanofthelowertwentyfivepercenthadbecomeanexecutive.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfultoourmindsandemotions.Therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwords,whichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.

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（正確答案：人類最初是如何學著去創(chuàng)造單詞的，我們不得而知；換言之，語言的起源是個謎。我們所真正知道的是，人類以某種方式發(fā)明了某些聲音來表達思想、感覺、行為和某些事情，因此，他們可以互相交流，慢慢地，他們默認了某些符號并把它們稱之為字母，并且這些字母不僅可以代表那些聲音，而且還可以寫下來。那些聲音，無論是人們發(fā)出來的，還是用字母寫下來的，我們都把它們叫作單詞。然后，單詞的力量在于它們的聯(lián)系性——它們使我們在腦海中想起一些事情。我們經(jīng)歷過以后，單詞對于我們變得有意義；我們活的越久，就會有更多的特定單詞讓我們想起悲歡往事；我們讀書和學到的單詞越多，就會有更大數(shù)量的對我們有意義的單詞。你有沒有想過你為什么沒有成為老板?7．理由就是你老板的單詞量要比你更豐富。你可能不相信。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是在全世界的實驗室中得到的。它不是由英語教授推想出來的，而是由那些善于實踐的、理智的學者通過探尋成功的奧秘而得出來的。經(jīng)過大量的實驗和多年的測試，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)：如果你單詞量有限，那么你成功的概率就也是有限的。來自波士頓人類工程實驗室和新澤西霍博肯史蒂夫科技學院的約翰奧康納博士對100名學習工業(yè)管理的年輕人進行單詞量測試。五年后，那些測試成績在所有人中排名前10％的人，毫無意外的都走上了總經(jīng)理的崗位，相比之下，排名在后25％的人中沒有一個成為總經(jīng)理。那些偉大的作家不僅僅擁有偉大的思想，而且他們還能用一些震撼心靈的詞匯來表情達意。真正的詩人都是語言的大師。他可以用語言傳達他的意思，他的語言唱起來像動聽的音樂，讓人們聯(lián)想到自己而感動落淚。因此，我們應當學習仔細選擇我們的語言，并準確地運用，要不然不恰當?shù)恼Z言會使我們的演講聽起來又蠢又俗。）35.漢譯英__________________________________________________________________________________________36.中國和土庫曼斯坦分別是世界重要能源消費國和重要能源生產(chǎn)國。中方愿同土方繼續(xù)本著平等互利、合作共贏的原則，擴大現(xiàn)有管道建設(shè)和天然氣貿(mào)易，啟動勘探、開采、油氣化工等全方位合作，做長期、穩(wěn)定、可靠的能源戰(zhàn)略伙伴。兩國成功實施了天然氣貿(mào)易、中國一中亞天然氣管道建設(shè)等重大合作項目。目前，中國一中亞天然氣管道已經(jīng)同中國境內(nèi)的西氣東輸二線相連接，成為當今世界最長的天然氣管道。產(chǎn)自中亞腹地土庫曼斯坦的天然氣跨越千山萬水，行程8000多公里直抵太平洋沿岸，這是世界能源合作的典范和中土人民友誼的結(jié)晶。

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（正確答案：ChinaandTurkmenistanaretheworld'smajorenergyconsumingcountriesandmajorenergyproducers.ChinaiswillingtoworkwithTurkmenistanundertheprincipleofequalityandmutual