高中英語語法要點(diǎn)精講part1名詞知識(shí)要點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)名詞時(shí)，一定要掌握名詞的最基本含義和用法，注意一些意義相近的名詞的辯異,注意名詞所有格的用法。掌握名詞的分類、名詞的數(shù)、名詞所有格、名詞作定語等。一、名詞的分類名詞就其詞匯意義來說可分為普通名詞和專有名詞。普通名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。(1)普通名詞①可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞：coat,door,tree,girl等集體名詞：audience,family,government等②不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：air,gold,ice,iron等抽象名詞：music,advice,information等(2)專有名詞London、HongKong、Shanghai等。二、可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞一般是可數(shù)名詞，通常有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。多數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式屬于規(guī)則變化，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般在單數(shù)名詞后加s或es。(1)規(guī)則變化①book—booksday—dayscat—catsnurse—nursesGerman—Germans②bus—busesdish—disheswatch—watchesbox—boxes③leaf—leavesknife—knivesyourself—yourselvesroof—roofs(房頂)belief—beliefs(信念）chief—chiefs(首領(lǐng)）而handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手絹)④story—storiescopy—copiesfamily—families⑤boy—boysplay一playskey—keys⑥potato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero—heroesradio—radiosphoto—photoszoo—zoos(2)不規(guī)則變化foot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—womenpoliceman—policemenox—oxen(牛）child—childrenmouse—mice(3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheepdeerfishChineseJapaneseSwissmeansyuan(4)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousersglassesclothesgoodsstairspeoplescissors三、不可數(shù)名詞名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象詞一般屬于不可數(shù)名詞，通常只有單數(shù)形式。(1)包括專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般是用單數(shù)形冥數(shù)形式。前面不可帶不定冠詞或數(shù)詞，如health，advice，wood，America等。其量的概念通常用一單位詞來表示。如：apieceofpaper一張紙abottleofwater一瓶水(2)兩類以s結(jié)尾的單詞要特別注意①表示學(xué)科名稱的以ics結(jié)尾的名詞常作單數(shù)。如：mathematics,physics②某些以S結(jié)尾指單一事物的專有名詞常用作單數(shù)。例如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations四、專有名詞專有名詞是指表示人名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等專有的名稱的名詞。專有名詞般表示獨(dú)一無二的事物，第一個(gè)字母要大寫。專有名詞可分為無冠詞的專有名詞和帶冠詞的專有名詞。(1)不帶冠詞的專有名詞①人名，如：KarlMai，Jack，WBush②稱謂，如：Mom，UncleSam③地名，如：Beijing，Europe，NewYork④時(shí)間，如：Saturday,April⑤節(jié)假:日，如:NationalDay，MayDay(2)帶冠詞的專有名詞①由普通名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，如：theGreatWall、theUK(UnitedKingdoms)②在表示全體國民的專有名詞前加“the”，如:theChinese,theGermans③在表示“一家人”或“夫婦”的專有名詞前加“the”，如：theWhites,theWangs④在書報(bào)名稱前加“the”，如：theTimes，theBible五、名詞的所有格①名詞的所有格一般用于有生命的名詞。其構(gòu)成去在詞尾加上“s”如:Tom，sbike，Marx'sworks以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞，在詞尾后加“'”或“s”。如:Engels'/Engels'sworks以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加“’”。如：students'homework，aworkers'nightschool一所工人夜校不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍在詞尾加“s”。如：men'sclothes男士衣服，children'sbooks兒童讀物②如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共有，只在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“s”，如果不是共有,就要在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾分別加上“s”。如：TomandMike'sroom湯姆和邁克合住的房間Tom'sandMike'srooms湯姆、邁克各自的房間③表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格后省去shop,House等名詞如：thetailor's裁縫店，thebarber's理發(fā)店，gotothedoctor's上診所④表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞，可以在詞尾加“s”或“’”來表示所有格。如：today'snewspaper，halfanhour'srest，twoweeks'work，China'spopulation，Shanghai'sindustry⑤表示無生命的名詞一般用of短語表示所有關(guān)系。如：thestudentsoftheirschool,theteachersofGrade2⑥表示所屬物的名詞前如果有不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞,常用“of+所有格”來表示所屬關(guān)系。如：Heisanoldfriendofmyfather's.ThisisapictureofMary's.能力訓(xùn)練1.________hasjusttakenhisfirststepinto________.A.Man；spaceB.Theman；spaceC.Man；thespaceD.Men；aspace2.Theyare_________.A.mathematicsstudentB,studentswithmathematicsC.studentswithmathematicsD.studentsofmathematics3.________Thoughourhomewasrightinthecentreofthetornado,therewas________fortunately.A.fewdamagesB.fewofdamagesC.littledamageD.littleofdamage4.Sheknowsthatasasecretaryshemustbepleasantandhelpfulnomatterhowbusysheisorwhatkindof_________shemaybein.A.moodB.mindC.formD.thought5.Hedroppedthe_________andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee'scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup6.Ihaveadreamthatwewillonedayliveina_________wherewe'llhavealotoftreesandfreshair.A.stateB.countryC.nationD.space7.Hewenttothefrontasoldierandcameback________.A.tobeageneralB.beingageneralC.ageneralD.beingageneral8.Astheplanecamedownthroughtheclouds,greenfieldsandwhitehousescameinto________.A.lightB.sightC.eyesD.effect9.He,isusedto_________.A.workhardB.hardworkC.workhardlyD.hardworking10.Hewentbacktothehalltotryhis________atfindinghislostgoldwatch,butneverfoundit.A.bestB.successC.resultD.luck11.It'sreally_________toplayputergames.Butremembernottoplaytoomuch.A.funsB.funC.funnyD.afun12.Heleft_________withmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Hesaidhewouldkeep_________.A.words；hiswordsB.word；hiswordC.word；wordD.theword；hisword13.Thechildislookingforwardto_________theGreatWall.A.visitingtoB.avisittoC.visitD.bevisited14.Thenewlawwilleinto_________onthedaywhenitispassed.A.effectB.beingC.serviceD.existence15.—Didyourfathergiveyoucourage?—Yes，butIspokefrommyownthoughtandcertainlynot________.A.himB.hisC.fromhimD.fromhis16.Ilovethinkingofnewdesigns.Itkeepsmymindclearandactiveandfillsmyretiredlifewith_________.A.surpriseB.anxietyC.joyD.difference17.Whata_________thatyourmotherisillagain.A.painB.sorrowC.sadnessD.pity18.Hetoldmehehadbeenofferedawellpaid_________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position19.Therewasasmall_________ofsugarinthebowl.A.numberB.amountC.partD.size20.TodayCCTVoffersagreat_________ofprogramstomeetthedifferentneedsand_________.A.variety；tastesB.many；interestsC.deal；likeD.number；habits21.Icannotgiveyou_________forthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.A.anexpenseB.achargeC.apayD.anorder22.Ihaveetoknowthat_________esonlyfrom_________.A.knowledge；practiceB.knowledges；practicesC.knowledge；practicesD.knowledges；practice23.Thepoliceaskedmewhich_________theaccidentmakingcarhadgone.A.wayB.pathC.roadiD.direction24.—Wouldyoubesokindastogivemea_________？I'mtootiredtowalkanyfurther.—I'msorry,butthecaristoocrowded.A.placeB.driveC.seatD.lift25.Thedoctorshavemadeevery_________tosavetheboy'slife.A.strengthB.energyC.effortD.power26.It'sonlyfiveminutes'walk.Thereisno_________totakeataxi.A.