詞匯是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)，若遇到生詞便停滯，會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響閱讀節(jié)奏與理解效率。核心策略圍繞“猜詞”“詞匯關(guān)聯(lián)”與“熟詞解碼”展開(kāi)——不僅能應(yīng)對(duì)陌生詞匯，更能破解“熟悉單詞的陌生含義”這一高考高頻陷阱，無(wú)需依賴詞典也能精準(zhǔn)把握詞義。突破策略操突破策略操((一)語(yǔ)境猜詞法通過(guò)生詞前后的定義解釋、舉例說(shuō)明或邏輯關(guān)系(因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、并列)推斷詞義，是最直接的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)突破方法。在實(shí)際閱讀中，作者常通過(guò)顯性或隱性的線索幫助讀者理解關(guān)鍵信息，需要我們敏銳捕捉語(yǔ)言信號(hào)。1.定義/解釋線索直接揭示核心含義?！九e例】"Hisjobisageologist,ascientistwhostudiesr【分析】同位語(yǔ)“ascientistwho...”明確界定“geologist”的職業(yè)屬性，可推斷為“地質(zhì)學(xué)家”。此處同位語(yǔ)以解釋性短語(yǔ)的形式，將抽象職業(yè)具象化。若遇到“Sheisanornithologist,aspecialistinbirdbiology”,同樣可通過(guò)同位語(yǔ)判斷“ornithologist”為“鳥(niǎo)類學(xué)家”。借助“suchas”“forexample”“including”等詞后的具體實(shí)例反推詞義。這些實(shí)例往往是生詞概念的具象化呈現(xiàn)，通過(guò)共性歸納可快速鎖定詞義?！九e例】“Thestoresellsvariousstationery,suchaspens,notebooksandstaplers.”【分析】“pens(鋼筆)”“notebooks(筆記本)”等實(shí)例均屬辦公學(xué)習(xí)用品，可判斷“stationery”為“文具”。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)“Themuseumdisplaysancientartifacts,likepottery,jadecarvings,andbronzevessels”時(shí)，通過(guò)列舉的陶器、玉器、青銅器，可推斷“artifacts”指“手工藝品；文物”。3.邏輯關(guān)系線索利用因果(because/therefore)、轉(zhuǎn)折(but/however)等關(guān)系推導(dǎo)。邏輯連詞如同語(yǔ)義的“導(dǎo)航儀”,能幫助讀者在句子間建立關(guān)聯(lián)。【舉例】“Shefeltdrowsybecauseshestayedupl【分析】“stayeduplate(熬夜)”是原因，結(jié)合因果邏輯可推斷“drowsy”意為“困倦的”。若遇到"Despite(二)詞根詞綴法利用詞根(核心含義)、前綴(改變?cè)~義)、后綴(改變?cè)~性)拆解生詞，可快速關(guān)聯(lián)已知詞匯，擴(kuò)大“猜詞半徑”。英語(yǔ)中80%以上的單詞都可通過(guò)詞根詞綴解構(gòu)，掌握常見(jiàn)詞素能顯著提升詞匯解碼效率。常見(jiàn)詞根：“port”(攜帶)、“graph”(書(shū)寫(xiě))、“Iogy”(學(xué)科),如同詞匯的“基因片段”,承載核心語(yǔ)義。常見(jiàn)前綴："re-"(重復(fù)/再次)、“anti-”(反對(duì))、“pre-”(提前),用于修飾詞根，改變?cè)~匯方向或程常見(jiàn)后綴：“-tion”(名詞后綴)、“-able”(可…的)、“-ize”(動(dòng)詞后綴),主要用于轉(zhuǎn)換詞性。【舉例1】transport【分析】前綴"trans-"(跨越)+詞根“port”(攜帶)→跨越距離攜帶物品，即“運(yùn)輸”。類似地，“export”【舉例2】unpredictable【分析】前綴“un-”(否定)+詞根“predict”(預(yù)測(cè))+后綴“-able”(可….的)→不可預(yù)測(cè)的。如“incredible”(in-否定+cred相信+-ible)表示“難以置信的”,詞綴組合形成完整語(yǔ)義鏈。(三)同義/反義關(guān)聯(lián)法關(guān)注文中與生詞呼應(yīng)的同義詞(替換表達(dá))或反義詞(對(duì)比表達(dá)),通過(guò)已知詞義推導(dǎo)未知詞義。作者為避免重復(fù)或強(qiáng)化對(duì)比，常使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)或邏輯連詞構(gòu)建語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。尋找上下文的平行替換表述。此類替換可能是近義詞、上義詞或下義詞，需結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷具體含義。【舉例】“Theteamachievedvictoryinthefinal.Theirsuccessmadeth【分析】“success(成功)”與“victory”形成同義呼應(yīng)，可判斷其意為“勝利”。在"Thepoliticiandeliveredanimpactfuloration,aspeechthatresonatedwiththeaudience”中，“oration”通過(guò)同位語(yǔ)“aspeech”明確為抓住“but”“however”“onthecontrary”“not”等轉(zhuǎn)折/否定詞。這些信號(hào)詞如同語(yǔ)義的“急轉(zhuǎn)彎”,幫助讀者建立對(duì)立概念?！九e例】“Unlikehistalkativebrother,heisreticent.”【分析】“unlike”提示對(duì)比關(guān)系，“talkative(健談的)”的反義可推斷“reticent”為“沉默寡言的”。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)“Theregionexperiencesaridsummers,contrastingsharplywithitshumidwinters”時(shí)，通過(guò)“humid”反推(四)熟詞生義解碼法高考中70%以上的詞匯障礙并非完全生詞，而是“熟悉單詞的陌生含義”。需結(jié)合語(yǔ)境破解“一詞多義”陷阱。熟詞生義往往與特定場(chǎng)景或搭配緊密相關(guān)，需建立“詞匯-語(yǔ)境”映射思維。試舉例如下：常見(jiàn)義：地址(n.)生義：演講(n.);處理(v.)【舉例】“Themayorwilladdressthepubliconenvironmentalprotection.”【分析】結(jié)合“public(公眾)”“environmentalprotection(環(huán)保)”的語(yǔ)境，“address”此處為“演講”。在“Wemustaddresstherootcausesoftheproblem”中，根據(jù)“problem”搭配可判斷“address”意為“處理”。常見(jiàn)義：覆蓋(v.)生義：報(bào)道(v.);涉及(v.)【舉例】“ThejournalistcoveredtheOlympicGamesforhisnewspap【分析】“journalist(記者)”“newspaper(報(bào)紙)”提示職業(yè)場(chǎng)景，“cover”此處為“報(bào)道”。若遇到“Thisbookcoversawiderangeofhistoricalevents”,根據(jù)"book”與“events”的關(guān)系，可推斷“cover”表示“涉常見(jiàn)義：狀況(n.)生義：疾病(n.)【舉例】“Thedoctortreatedhisheartcondition【分析】"doctor(醫(yī)生)”“heart(心臟)”指向醫(yī)療場(chǎng)景，"condition”此處為“疾病”。在“Hesuffersfromarareskincondition”中，同樣可通過(guò)醫(yī)學(xué)語(yǔ)境判斷“condition”的特殊含義。(一)詞匯題“搜索代入”三步法針對(duì)高考“詞義推斷題”(如“Theword'XX'probablymeans…”),可按以下步驟操作：首先利用題干關(guān)鍵詞(如段落序號(hào)、人名、數(shù)字等)快速鎖定詞匯所在段落。找到生詞出現(xiàn)的句子后，務(wù)必精讀其前后2-3句。例如，在處理描述實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程的段落時(shí)，生詞可能與實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟、結(jié)果分析緊密相關(guān)，擴(kuò)大語(yǔ)境范圍能捕捉到更完整的語(yǔ)義線索。同時(shí)，注意段落中是否存在轉(zhuǎn)折(however/but)、因果(therefore/so)等邏輯連接詞，這些詞能幫助明確生詞與上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。先通過(guò)單詞后綴判斷詞性，如以"-tion"結(jié)尾多為名詞，以"-ify"結(jié)尾多為動(dòng)詞，以"-ive"結(jié)尾多為形容詞。確定詞性后，在上下文中尋找同詞性的同義詞、近義詞或解釋性短語(yǔ)。比如，當(dāng)遇到生詞"novelty"時(shí)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)后文出現(xiàn)"newanduniquefeature",便可初步判定這是同性替換的呼應(yīng)詞。此外，留意句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句等語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，它們常包含對(duì)生詞的直接解釋。將找到的呼應(yīng)詞替換生詞后，需從三個(gè)維度驗(yàn)證：一是句子層面，檢查替換后句子是否通順；二是段落層面，確認(rèn)語(yǔ)義是否符合段落核心觀點(diǎn)；三是篇章層面，判斷是否與文章主旨一致。例如，若文章主題是環(huán)保，而代入的詞匯釋義與環(huán)保概念相悖，則需重新尋找呼應(yīng)詞。同時(shí)注意一些干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，如望文生義(根據(jù)單詞部分含義編造解釋)、過(guò)度引申(超出語(yǔ)境的含義),避免落入陷阱。(二)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避原則1.拒絕“字面直譯”英語(yǔ)閱讀中，看似簡(jiǎn)單的基礎(chǔ)詞匯往往暗藏玄機(jī)，其字面意思與在文本中的實(shí)際含義大相徑庭。以“check”為例，在“checkthespread”這一短語(yǔ)中，若機(jī)械地將其理解為常見(jiàn)的“檢查”義，會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)整句話“阻止擴(kuò)散”語(yǔ)義的誤解。這種現(xiàn)象在高考閱讀中頻繁出現(xiàn)，命題人常利用考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)詞匯的固有認(rèn)知設(shè)置陷阱，因此遇到簡(jiǎn)單詞匯時(shí)，需結(jié)合語(yǔ)境深入分析，切忌望文生義。2.避免“過(guò)度推斷”閱讀理解的答案必須以原文為依據(jù)，在上下文的語(yǔ)境中精準(zhǔn)定位，不可脫離文本進(jìn)行主觀臆斷或過(guò)度聯(lián)想。例如，若文章僅描述了某產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的銷(xiāo)售數(shù)據(jù)有所波動(dòng)，考生不能據(jù)此推斷出該產(chǎn)品即將面臨停產(chǎn)的結(jié)論。即使推斷邏輯看似合理，但若無(wú)原文明確線索支撐，就屬于過(guò)度推斷。正確做法是緊扣文本細(xì)節(jié)，以事實(shí)性語(yǔ)句和邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞為線索，提煉作者的真實(shí)意圖。3.關(guān)注“場(chǎng)景匹配”英語(yǔ)中存在大量“熟詞生義”現(xiàn)象，而這些特殊含義往往與特定語(yǔ)境場(chǎng)景緊密相關(guān)。如“bank”一詞，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在“river”相關(guān)描述中，如“onthebankoftheriver”,其意為“河岸”;而在涉及“money”的金融場(chǎng)景，如“gotothebank”中，則表示“銀行”。此外，不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域也會(huì)賦予詞匯特殊含義，在科技類文1Imaginediningatyourfavoisniceandquiet,butthejoyexperienceddunoisierareacanbringaboutdishabituation,makingtheluxuryofyourwindowworktriptoasunnyresort(度假村)intheDominicanRepublic.Shewonderedifpeoplehadabettertimeatthestartoftheirtrips.Sheinterviewedpeopleworldwideandaskedthholidaysinthesurvey.ThedatarevealedthatjoypeakedEvenwhentheyreturnedhome,manystillbenefiweek,theyadjustedtonormallifsuggeststhatyoumightbenefitmostfromseveralsmalThatway,youwillexperiencethepleasuremoreoften.Whataboutunpleasantexperiences?Shouldyoudividethoseuptoo?Mostpeoplewanttobeartheunpleasantnessbitbybit.Whenresearchersaskedpeoplewhethertheywouldlikeabreakfromabadsmellorjustsaidtheywantedabreakfromanannoyingnoise.However,thisisincorrect.Brehabituationtotheunwelcomestimulus.Forunpleasanttasks,it'swiTheresultsofpsychologicalexperimentsareclear,however,andbeingmindfulofhabituation'spowerfuleffectcouldhelpusallexperienceabitlesA.Bygivingavividexample.B.BylistA.Theratingsofvacation.B.Theinfluenceofvacation.C.Thereasonsforhappiness.D.ThepeaktimeofhappiA.Mixthemtogether.C.Postponethemuntillater.4.WhichofthefollowingwilltheauA.Freshweekendtrips.B.AregularwalkingroC.Breaksfromcleaningthetoilet【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了大腦的習(xí)慣化及其對(duì)快樂(lè)和痛苦體驗(yàn)的影響，并通過(guò)具體例子windowwithgreatviews.Itisniceandquiet,butthejoyexperiencedduringthereason?Habituation.(想象一下，在你最喜歡的餐廳用餐，坐在最好的桌子旁—者通過(guò)描述在最喜歡的餐廳用餐的生動(dòng)例子來(lái)引入適應(yīng)的概念。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sheinterviewedpeopleworldwideandaskedthemtoratetheirfeelingsthroughouttheirholidaysinthesurvey.Thedatarevealedthatjoypeaked43hoursin.Attheendofdaytwowaswhenthey故選D。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Whataboutunpleasantexperiences?Swanttobeartheunpleasantnessbitbybit.Whenresearchersaskedpeoplewhethertheywouldlikeabreakfrobadsmellorjustbearitallat呢?也應(yīng)該把它們拆分來(lái)面對(duì)嗎?大多數(shù)人都想一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地承受不愉快。研究人員曾詢問(wèn)人們，面對(duì)難聞大多數(shù)人——119人中的82人——也表示，面對(duì)令人煩躁的噪音，他們也想中途暫停。然而，這種做法是錯(cuò)誤的。)”可知，對(duì)于不愉快的任務(wù)，更明智的做法錯(cuò)誤的。)”可知，對(duì)于不愉快的任務(wù)，更明智的做法是不要拆分它們。由此可知，chopthemup意為“將任4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thisevidencesuggeststhatyoumightbenefitmostfromseveralsmalltripsspreadthroughtheyear,ratherthanonelongescape.Thatway,youwillexperience明，一年中分散進(jìn)行幾次小旅行可能比一次時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的外出更能讓你受益。這樣，你會(huì)更頻繁地體驗(yàn)到快樂(lè)。)”可知，作者可能會(huì)同意分散進(jìn)行幾次小旅行，即新鮮的周末旅行。故選A。2Psychologicalavoidance(心理回避)oravoidingemotions,acommonwaytogetawayfrompainfulanduncomfortablethoughts,feelingsorsituations,canharmtheemotionalhealthandpersonalgrowthofhighfreshmen.Actually,psychologicalavoidancecanleadtoincreasedlevelsofaByavoidingchallengingsituations,itpreventsopportunitiesforself-discoveryandimprovement.Thefamouavoidancewillalwaysprocrastinate,orevenmissdeadlines(最后期限).Byavoidingthenecessaryeffortsandtasksrequiredforlearavoiddiscussingtheirfeelingswithfriencommunication.Insteadofdealingwiththeiremotions,theyholdbackorhidethemselves.Studentsmissoutthechancetodeepentheirconnectionswithfriends,familyandpeers,makiPsychologicalavoidancemayprovidecomfortforashortperiodinfluencesonourmentalhealth,personalgrowth,schoolperformance,relationshipsandoBreakingfreefromavoidancebehaviorsisimportA.wecandiscoverourdeepthoughtsandfeC.wecanavoidfailingatsomethin2.WhatdoestheunderlinedworA.Focusonothers.B.GetaC.Missoutonchances.D.Putoffta3.Howdoespsychologi4.WhatwillthefollowingpA.TheharmfuleffectsofpsychologicalavB.TheformsofpsychologicalavoidancebC.ThestrategiesofovercominD.ThedifficultyofbreakingfreefrRowlingoncesaid,"Itisimpossibletmightaswellnothavelivedatall.”(逃避挑戰(zhàn)性情境會(huì)阻礙學(xué)生培養(yǎng)關(guān)鍵能力，限制他們自我升的機(jī)會(huì)，即錯(cuò)過(guò)了寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。故選B項(xiàng)。遲任務(wù)”,與D項(xiàng)“Putofftasks.”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Highschoolstudentsmayamembers,leadingtomisunderstandingsandabreakdownincommunication.Insteadofdealingwiththemotions,theyholdbackorhidethemselves.Studentsmissoutonthechanc過(guò)了加深與朋友、家人和同齡人聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)，這使得他們更難建立健康的人際關(guān)系)”可知，心理回避過(guò)了加深與朋友、家人和同齡人聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)，這使得他們更難建立健康的人際關(guān)系)”可知，心理回避導(dǎo)致學(xué)生避免與他人深入交流情感，從而破壞了建立健康關(guān)系的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Breakingfreefromavoidancebehaviorsisimportantforschoolsuccessandself-confidence,andrecognizingtheharmfuleffectsofavoidanceisthefirststep.(對(duì)在學(xué)校的成功和自信心很重要”或“對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)成功和自信心很重要，認(rèn)識(shí)到回避的危害是第一步)”可知，文章最后提到擺脫回避行為的第一步，由此推知，后文會(huì)介紹更多克服心理回避的策略。故選C項(xiàng)。3ArecentstudybyNYUAbuDhabirevealsthatspacerays,high-energyparticles(粒子)fromspace,maydiscoverychallengesthelong-heldbeliefthTheresearch,publishedintheInternationalJournalofAstrobiologyandledbyDimitraAtri,showsthatspaceraysarenotalwaysharmful.Infact,theycanhelpmicroscopiclife(微生物)survive.Whenspacerayshitundergroundwaterorice,theybreakwatermolecules(分子)apart,releasingelectrons(電子).OnEarth,somebacteriacanusetheseelectronsforenergy,justasplantsusesunlight.Thisprocess,calledradiolysis(輻射分解),Usingcomputers,theresearchersexploredhowmuchenergythisprocessicymoonsofJupiterandSaturn.ThesemoonsaretstudyfoundthatSaturn'smoonEn"Thisdiscoverychangesthewaywforwarmplanetswithsunlight,wecannoThestudyalsointroducesthetraditional“GoldilocksZone”.Sincespaceraysarewidespreadinspace,theremaybemanymoreThefindingsprovidenewguidanceforfuturespacemissions.Insteadthesurface,scientistsmightalsoexploreundergroundenvironmentsonMarcandetectchemicalenergycreatedbyspaceradiation.ThisresearcsearchforlifebeyondEarthan1.WhatcommonsenseA.Spacerayshavecausedgreatharm.B.LifemerelydC.Alienlifereallyexistsonotherplanets.D.2.HowdoesradiolysishelpsustainA.Bygeneratinglightneededbylife.B.ByreflectingsunlighttoC.Byseparatingwatermoleculestofreeelectrons.D3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harbor”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Control,B.Hide.C.Extend.D.TrA.SpaceRaysProvideEnergyforHiddenLife.B.IcyMoonsHoldMoreC.VolcanicHeatIsNoLongerNeededforLife.D.Goldi【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了紐約大學(xué)阿布扎比分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明來(lái)自太空的高能粒子——空間射線，可能為太陽(yáng)系內(nèi)行星和衛(wèi)星的地下生命提供必要的能量，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)觀念，并為未來(lái)太空任務(wù)提供了新方向。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisdiscoverychallengesthelong-heldbeliefthatliforvolcanicheat.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)打破了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的認(rèn)知——生命只能在陽(yáng)光或火山熱源附近存活)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究挑戰(zhàn)了生命只能依賴太陽(yáng)或火山熱源這一傳統(tǒng)觀念，也就是挑戰(zhàn)了生命僅僅依賴于太陽(yáng)能這一觀念。故2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenspacerayshitundergroundwaterorice,theybreakwatermolecules(分子)apart,releasingelectsunlight.Thisprocess,called宇宙射線撞擊地下水源或冰層時(shí)，會(huì)分解水分子并釋放電子。在地球上，某些細(xì)菌能像植物利用陽(yáng)光那樣，通過(guò)這些電子獲取能量。這種被稱為“輻射分解”的過(guò)程，能在黑暗寒冷、沒(méi)有陽(yáng)光的環(huán)境中維系生命)”可知，輻射分解通過(guò)分解水分子釋放電子，為微生物提供能量，從而維持生命。故選C項(xiàng)。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“ThisresearchopensupexcitingnewpossibilitiesinthesearchforlifebeyondEarthandsuggeststhateventhecoldestanddarkestcorner地球以外尋找生命開(kāi)辟了令人興奮的新可能性，并表明即使是太陽(yáng)系中最冷、最黑暗的角落也可能harbor生命)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究為在地球以外尋找生命開(kāi)辟了令人興奮的新可能性，表明即使是太陽(yáng)系中最冷、最4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“ArecentstudybyNYUAbuDhabirevealsthatspacehigh-energyparticles(粒子)fromspace,maygeneratetheenergynecessarytosupportundergrounplanetsandmoonsinoursolarsystem.(紐約大學(xué)阿布扎比分校最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，來(lái)自紐約大學(xué)阿布扎比分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明來(lái)自太空的高能粒子——空間射地下生命提供必要的能量，故A項(xiàng)“SpaceRaysProvideEnergyforHiddenLife(空間射線為隱藏的生命提供4Quick:what'syourbestfriend'sphonenumber?Don'tfeelbadifyoucouldn'tansweroffthetopofyourhead.Youhavenoreasontocommitphonenumberstomemory:it'sjustthereinyourphone.Orperhapsyouoncehadaphonebooktostorethem.Ineithercase,anobjectdoesthere“Prostheticmemory”(人工記憶)isnothingnew.Writingitselfhasbeenameansofstoringinformation.Yettheinformationrevolutioncreatingmoreofit,andkeepingmoreofit.Thestoragecapacitwonder,then,thatwe'reincreasinglydepenNoteveryonethinksthistrendinexternalmemoryisgood.Historically,memoryprostheseswereeAstechnologiessuchasprintherecomestheworry.WhenweButisoursocialmedia-drithis,perhapsthisisbecausewe'blink(眨眼)inhumanhistory,yetittime.Afterall,technologycanprotectallthemomentsofalifethatwouldotherwisebeA.TechnologyweakensourbrainsB.2.WhatdoestheunderlineA.Improved.B.Undervalued.C.Restricted.D.OutperA.Anoverflowofposts.B.HighcostofdigC.Addictiontothevirtualworld.D.DisregardforauthC.Quickenthepaceofdevelopment.【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹人們依賴手機(jī)等人工記憶工具，有人擔(dān)憂社交媒體分享讓人們忽視真1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Youhavenoreasontocommitphonenumberstomemory:it'sjustthereinyourphone.Orperhapsyouoncehadaphonebooktostorethem.Ineithercase,an依靠人工記憶，其原因是我們大腦的儲(chǔ)存能力已經(jīng)被超越，人工記憶可以記得3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenwedevoteourselvestocapturingandsharing可知，網(wǎng)上分享帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響是對(duì)真實(shí)體驗(yàn)的忽視。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butisoursocialmedia-driventransformationwhocreatingandsharingmemorieslikethis,perhapsthisisbecthesethingswithoutthinkingaboutwhatwe'redoing.Itithanadecadeold.(但這種由社交媒體驅(qū)動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)變就完全是壞事嗎?倘若我們?nèi)缃褚廊贿€在用這種方式創(chuàng)造并分享回憶，或許是因?yàn)槲覀兩形从凶銐驎r(shí)間，學(xué)會(huì)自然而然地去做這些事(而無(wú)需刻意盤(pán)算并分享回憶，或許是因?yàn)槲覀兩形从凶銐驎r(shí)間，學(xué)會(huì)自然而然地去做這些事(而無(wú)需刻意盤(pán)算)。我們很5Canadaisexperiencingitssecondworstalmost4,000firesrecordedalreadythiscareachedconcerninglevelsacrossWisconsinNationalWeatherServiceLandthewindsjusttransportitdownstream,likeanything—likealeafgettingblototal.Earlierthisweekelevelof“red”forallofthestate,whichsuchasirritatedeyes,coughing,orshortnessofbreath.Otherscou“Sensitiveormoreexposedindividualsmayexperiencemoreserioushealtheffects,includingworseningofxistinglungdiseaseandrespiratoryandcardiovascularconditions,possiblyleaditattack,orstroke,"accordingtothePollutionControlAgencystatemCanadaonSunday,mostlyinthesouthernprovinceofManitobsaysmorethan500areburningoutofcontrol.TB.U.S.stateslackmeasures3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“respiratoryandcardiovascularconditioA.AirwayandbrainsystB.DigestionandnervD.BreathingandheartD.Canada'sWildfires:History-Mak【答案】1【答案】1.D2.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述加拿大正經(jīng)歷有記錄以來(lái)第二嚴(yán)重的野火季，其產(chǎn)生的煙霧跨1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“NationalWeatherServiceLeadForecasterBobOravectoldNPRthatthecurrent向南方的風(fēng)向模式是美國(guó)持續(xù)受加拿大野火煙霧影響的原因。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“MinnesotaPublicRadioalertsincetheMinnesotaPollutionControlAsevendaysintotal.(明尼蘇達(dá)公共廣播電臺(tái)報(bào)道，該州目前正處于自明尼蘇達(dá)污染控制局2008年開(kāi)始發(fā)布警報(bào)以來(lái)最長(zhǎng)的空氣質(zhì)量警報(bào)期，此次警報(bào)預(yù)計(jì)總共持續(xù)7天)”可知，2025質(zhì)量警報(bào)期短于7天。故選C。3.3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中劃線部分上文“includingworseningofexistinglungdiseaseandrespiratoryandcardiovascularconditions,possiblyleadingtoanasthmaattack,heartattack,orstroke.(包括現(xiàn)有肺部疾病的惡化以及respiratoryandcardiovascularconditions,可能導(dǎo)致哮喘發(fā)作、心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng))”可知，asthmacardiovascularconditions指“呼states.Thisweekend,airqualityreachedconcerninglevelsacrossWisconsin,andMinnesota.Paoutdooractivityduetopollutionfromthesmoke.(越過(guò)邊境的煙霧影響了美國(guó)幾個(gè)州的空氣質(zhì)量。本周末，威斯康星州和明尼蘇達(dá)州的空氣質(zhì)量達(dá)到了令人擔(dān)憂的水平。伊利諾伊州和印第安納州的部分地區(qū)也發(fā)布了空氣質(zhì)量警報(bào)。由于煙霧污染，紐約、佛蒙特州和緬因州的人們也被建議限制戶外活動(dòng))”可知，文章主要介紹加拿大野火產(chǎn)生的煙霧影響美國(guó)多個(gè)州的空氣質(zhì)量，后續(xù)段落圍繞美國(guó)受影響的具體情況、健康警示以及加拿大野火現(xiàn)狀展開(kāi)。因此B項(xiàng)“加拿大野火產(chǎn)生的煙霧影響美國(guó)空氣質(zhì)量”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。6Inthedigitalera,whereHangzhoustandsasastrikingexample.Sheregularlyprepliestocommentsorjoinsinprivateconversations.“Ilovesharingcolourfulmomentsofmylife,yetbuilamongtoday'syouth:lightsocializing,apatternthatprioritizesself-expressiSociologistMinLiobservesthatsocialmedia,oncechangedintoa“self-showcase”platformfortheytheysharecontentlikescenicphotosordailyroutines,withlicasuallyunfollowing,blockingstrangersorusing24-hourdisappearingpostburdensome“emotionallabor”fromshallowonWhilecriticsconsiderlightsocializingasasignof“emotiadaptation.PsychologistLuChenarguesthatbyapplyingthisapproach,youngpeopleronlinespace—sharingfreelywithouttheanxietyofmeetingotdevelopedtomeetthisneepostingfeatures,showingthewidespreadacceptanceofInaworldcloselyboundbydigitalconnections,lightsocialself-expressionandprivacyprotection.It'snotaboutturningtheirbacksonphealthierandmoreindependentwaytobeonline.Thistrendshowstheyoungergensafeguardingtheirmentalwell-A.Largelyignores.B.Greatlychanges.C.WiselyC.Itreliesmainlyonplatforms'settings.A.KeepSilentModeOnB.KeeptheC.SocialMedia:FreeSelf【答案】1【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章以26歲的杭州插畫(huà)師Lina為例，闡述了在數(shù)字時(shí)代，年輕人在社交媒體1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Lina'sattituderepresentsagrowingtrendamongtoday'ssocializing,apatternthatprioritizesself-expressionoveralotofemotionalconnectionsontheInternet.(Lina的態(tài)度代表了當(dāng)今年輕人中日益增長(zhǎng)的一種趨勢(shì)：輕度社交化，這種模式……自我表達(dá)，delicatebalancebetweenself-expressionandprivacyprotection.It'snotaboutturningtheirbacksonpeople,的社交活動(dòng)能夠恰到好處地平衡自我表達(dá)與隱私保護(hù)這兩者之間的關(guān)系。這并非是要與的社交活動(dòng)能夠恰到好處地平衡自我表達(dá)與隱私保護(hù)這兩者之間的關(guān)系。這并非是要與他人斷絕聯(lián)系，而是要尋找一種更健康、更獨(dú)立的線上生活方式。)”可知，Lina的這種輕度社交模式，這種模式是一種更健康、更獨(dú)立的線上生活方式，更重視自我表達(dá)，而非網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的情感聯(lián)系。由此可推知，劃線單詞“prioritizes”2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“SociologistMinLiobservesthatsocialmedia,onceanimportantcentrefordevelopingrelationships,haschangedintoa“self-showcase”platformfortheyoungergeneration.(社會(huì)學(xué)家李敏觀察到，社交媒體曾經(jīng)是發(fā)展人際關(guān)系的重要中心，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了年輕一代的“自我展示”平臺(tái)。)”可知，社會(huì)學(xué)家李敏認(rèn)為，社交媒體現(xiàn)在已成為年輕一代的“自我展示”平臺(tái)。故選C項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Inaworldcloselyboundbydigitalconnections,lightsocializingstrikesadelicatebalancebetweenself-expressionandprivacyaboutlookingforahealthierandmoreindependentwaytobeonline.(在一個(gè)由數(shù)字連接緊密聯(lián)系的世界里，輕度社交在自我表達(dá)和隱私保護(hù)之間取得了微妙的平衡。這不是要背棄他人，而是要尋找一種更健康、更獨(dú)立的線上生活方式。)”可知，在一個(gè)由數(shù)字連接緊密聯(lián)系的世界里，輕度社交在自我表達(dá)和隱私保護(hù)之間取得了微妙的平衡，即它平衡了表達(dá)和安全。故選A項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Lina'sattituderepresentsagrowingtrendamongtoday'syouth:lightsocializing,apatternthatprioritizesself-expr度代表了當(dāng)今年輕人中日益增長(zhǎng)的一種趨勢(shì)：輕度社交化，這種模式將自我表達(dá)置于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的大量情感聯(lián)balancebetweenself-expressionandprivacyprotection.(在一個(gè)由數(shù)字連接緊密聯(lián)系的世界里，輕度社交在自我表達(dá)和隱私保護(hù)之間取得了微妙的平衡。)”可知，本文主要論述了當(dāng)下年輕人的一種社交趨勢(shì)——輕度7Thestatusofthecoversonghasshape-shiftedthroughoutneededaname:Itwasjusttheroutinewayofdoingbusiness.Duringtherockera,coversbecameinauthentic,unlessanartist“madethesongtheirown”.Withtherisesamplingandremixes,butthensamplesthemselvesbecamemoreconcealedandlayeredandcopyright.Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,thepracticehasmigratedtoYouTube,whereconcertclipshomevideosmightshowofftheskillsofamateursandprosalike.Youmightalsolooktcategoryisregainingstatusinthemusicbmajorstreamingservice,you'relikelytofindalotofcoversbyseemingnonentititogamethealgorithmforclicks—adigitalrevivaloftheearlyrecordbusiness'spracticeofmarketplacewithcheapcopiesforquickpThenotionofcoverversionshasalwaysbeenappealingtome.Itmakesmeimagineaparallelworldwherevealingaspectsoftheoriginalsthattheirmakersmightneverhavesuspected.A.ThedifferencesofcoverC.ThedefinitionofcoversonA.Theywilldisappearaship-hopdevelop3.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrC.TomakeuseofthealgorithmtogetmoreclicksD.Toig4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?B.Topresentcoversongs【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹翻唱歌曲在流行音樂(lè)史上的地位變化、未來(lái)發(fā)展可能性、相關(guān)現(xiàn)象the1950s,itbarelyevenneededaname:Itwasjusttheroutinebecamesuspectasinauthentic,unlessanartist“madethesongtheirown”.Withdisplacedbysamplingandremixes,buttheofbothartandcopyright.Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,thepracticehasmigraclipsorhomevideosmightshowbusiness.(在流行音樂(lè)史上，翻唱歌曲的地位一直在變化。20世紀(jì)50年代，它幾乎不需要一個(gè)名字：這只是常規(guī)的商業(yè)模式。在搖滾時(shí)代，翻唱被懷疑是不真實(shí)的，除非藝術(shù)家“讓歌曲成為自己的”。隨著嘻哈音樂(lè)的興起，翻唱被采樣和混音所取代，但出于藝術(shù)和版權(quán)的原因，采樣本身變得更加隱蔽和層次化。自本世紀(jì)初以來(lái)，這種做法已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到Y(jié)ouTube上，在那里，演唱會(huì)片段或家庭視頻可能會(huì)展示業(yè)余愛(ài)好者和專業(yè)人士的技能。你也可以看看熱門(mén)電視節(jié)目和歌唱比賽節(jié)目中翻唱的歌曲。有足夠的理由相信，翻唱歌曲作為一個(gè)類別正在音樂(lè)行業(yè)重新獲得地位。)”可知，第一段圍繞不同時(shí)期翻唱歌曲的地位變化展開(kāi)，核心是其地位的變遷。故選B項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“There'senoughcausetobelievethatthecoversongasacategoryisregainingstatusinthemusicbusiness.(有足夠的理由相信，翻唱歌曲作為一個(gè)類別正在音樂(lè)行業(yè)重新獲得地位。)”可知，從第一段可推斷出，翻唱歌曲在音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域的影響力可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。故選C項(xiàng)。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ifyousearchforafamoussongonamajorstreamingservice,you'relikelytofindalotofcoversbyseemingnonentities(無(wú)足輕重的人)attemptingtogamethealgorithmforclicks—adigitalrevivaloftheearlyrecordbusiness'spracticeof“covering”theprofit.(如果你在主流流媒體服務(wù)上搜索一首著名的歌曲，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多看似無(wú)足輕重的人翻唱的版本，法獲取更多點(diǎn)擊量”。故選C項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，第一段介紹翻唱歌曲在流行音樂(lè)史上的地位變化，第二段說(shuō)明其多方面優(yōu)勢(shì)，第三段闡述翻唱版本的吸引力及意義，由此可知，文章的目的是呈現(xiàn)翻唱歌曲的發(fā)展和意義。故選B項(xiàng)。8ArtificialintelligencetoolslikeChatGPTandMidjourneyhavebecomewvisualsaccordingtoourdirectcommands.Nextup:reconstructingourthoughts.InastudypublishedinMay2023inNatureNeuroscience,ateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinshowedthatanAIdecoder(解碼器)couldtranslatethewordspeopleheardwhilelisteninpodcasts(播客)andtheimagespeoplesawwhilewatchingsilentmovies.Matchinthatlearning,thetechnologycoulddecodethethoughtsofsomeone“imaginingwhowerenotinvolvedinitstrabilitytospeak,bydecodapplications.InMarch,researcherDiffusion,thatreconstructsimagesfromfMIfitfeelsinvasive(侵入的),researchersstressthatit'sunlikmind-readingdevice,”saysIrisGroen,aneuroscientistatthBothapproachesrequireparticmakemistakes,sendingoutgibberishifapersonthinksunrelatedthotheprivacyofourinternalimaginings,giventhepaceofAI'sprogress."ThebraincontainsextheStableDiffusionproject."Itshouldnotbesubjectedtoanyformofan2.Whatdoestheword“conA.Suggestion.B.Participation.C.Application.D.Permission.3.Accordingtothetext,whichoftD.Itcanbeusedtoregulatepeople'sthoughts.4.WhatshouldbetakenA.WeshouldkeepupwiththepaceofAI'sB.Weshouldrespectpeople'sprivacywhendoingresearch.C.WeshouldavoidmakingmistakeswhD.Weshouldprioritizeprogressratherthanpersonalfeelings.【答案】1【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了AI解碼器能在一定程度上讀取人類思維，當(dāng)前AI讀心技術(shù)尚不成熟以及研究人員對(duì)隱私保護(hù)的重視等內(nèi)容。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Matchingspecificpattethreepeopleastheyconsumedthoughtsofsomeone腦活動(dòng)模式與特定的短語(yǔ)相匹配，該AI在三個(gè)人身上進(jìn)行了16個(gè)小時(shí)的講故事訓(xùn)練。神經(jīng)科學(xué)家、資深研究作者AlexanderHuth說(shuō)，通過(guò)這種學(xué)習(xí)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以破譯某人“在腦海中想象一個(gè)故事”的想法，盡管對(duì)于沒(méi)有參與訓(xùn)練的人來(lái)說(shuō)，它的準(zhǔn)確性大大降低。)”可知，AI解碼器能在一定程度上讀取思維。故選2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Tfitfeelsinvasive(侵?jǐn)_的),researchersstressthatit'sunlikelyAIwillbeabletoconsent的情況下讀取你的思想)”以及最后一段“Itshouldnotbesubjectedtoanyformofanalysiswithoutinformedconsent.(未經(jīng)知情consent,它不應(yīng)受到任何形式的分析。)”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推斷，AI不太可能在未經(jīng)你同意的情況下讀取你的思想。consent意為“同意，許可”,與permission意思相近。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecurrenttechnologyisstillveryfarremovedfromageneral-purposeparticipantstospendhoursinfMRIscanngibberishifapersonthinksunrelatedthoughts.(這兩種方法都要求參與者在功能磁共振成像掃描儀中花費(fèi)數(shù)小時(shí)，而且德克薩斯大學(xué)的人工智能可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)，如果一個(gè)人想到不相關(guān)的想法，它就會(huì)輸出胡言亂語(yǔ))”可知，當(dāng)前AI讀心技術(shù)還不成熟。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thebraincontainsextremelysensitivepersonalinformation,”saysYuTakagi,aneuroscientistinvolvedintheSta9Whenyouseeroboticlawnmowers'blades(割草機(jī)的葉片)movingfast,youareexpectingamo