專業(yè)英語八級模擬試卷18（共9套）

（共479題）

專業(yè)英語八級模擬試卷第1套

一、講座（本題共75題，每題7.0分，共75分。）

HowtoBondwithYourBossHavingagoodrelationshipwithyourbosshaspositive

impactonyourcareer.AccordingtoresearchersalNYU,[T1]isdirectly

linkedtohisorher[T11relationshipswithsuperiors.Herearefivestrategies.

Beauthenticandcommunicate-nononsense,no[T2],notiptoeingaround

eachother[T2]-bewillingtogiveandaccept[T3][T3]

Takeadvantageofopportunitiestosocialize-attend[T4]arrangedbythe

company[T4]-participateinofficehappyhours,holidaypartiesand[T5]

[T51-rememberaruleofthumb:keep[T6]light[T6]

_don't[T7]insidercompanyinformation[T7]一don'tbash

anothercoworker-goeasyontheboozeDon'tovershare-don'toversharetidbitsabout

yourownlife——becarefulaboutgettingtoofriendly—findthe[T8]between

connectingandsharing[T8]Focusonworkfirst-deliver[T9]work

[T9]-earn[T10]fromyourbossandcolleagues[T10]-

keep[T11]inmindinsteadoftheinitialassignment[Til]Think

abouthowyoucan[T12]yourboss[T12]-makeyourboss'sjob

easier-worktowardsthe[T13]ofthecompany[T13]-backupthe

visionofyourboss-be[TI4][T14]—makeyourbossseeyouasa

peerratherthananemployeeConclusionBondwithyourbossplaysalargerolein

[T15]—.Also,itisbeneficialfor[T15]yourphysicalandmental

health.

1、[Tl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:employeeproductivity

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

2、[T2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：excuses

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、[T3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:constructivecriticism

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、[T4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:(fun)socialevents

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

5、[T5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：sportsleagues

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

6、[T6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：conversationaltopics

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

7、[T7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：gofishingfor/fishfor/pryinto

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、[T8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：balance

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、[T91

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：quality

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10、[TI0J

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：respect

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

11、[T11]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：theendgoal

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、[T12]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：support

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、[TI3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：benefits

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

14、[TI4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:proactiveandself-sufficient

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、[T15]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：careersuccess

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

二、會話（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共10分。）

16、

A、7,000studentsdropcutofschooleveryyear.

B、Fewstudentsleaveschoolwithoutadiploma.

CNAbout1millionstudentsdropoutofhighschooleveryyear.

D、Onlyhalfofhighschoolstudentschoosetogotocollege.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、

A^Societyprovidesflexiblepathsfordrop-outstudents.

B、Therearefewteacherswhoreallycareaboutstudents.

C^Teachersareforcedtolivebythestandardsoftests.

D^Educatorspaymoreattentiontostudents'transformation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

18、

A、Achievements.

B、Scores.

C^Attitude.

D、Purpose.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

19、

A、Cultivatemoreknowledgeableeducators.

B、Lethighschoolstudentsengageincollegeactivities.

C、Providerolemodelsthathavegonetofour-yearuniversities.

D、Deliverlecturesaboutthebenefitsofgoingtocollege.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

20、

A^Engaged.

B、Neglected.

C、Distracted.

D、Cared.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、

A、Heisaformerdropout.

B、Heisahighschoolteacher.

C^Heisgoodatmath.

D、Heisfamousforhisteachingmethod.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22、

A、Hewasbomintoaverypoorfamily.

B、Heoftenplayedtruantforawhile.

C、Hemanagedtostayatschoolwhilehavingafewjobs.

D、Hefailedmanysubjectsanddroppedoutofschool.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B'

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、

A、Innovative.

B、Doubtful.

C^Surprising.

D、Remedial.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、

A、Makesurehighschoolgraduatesmeetthehigheststandard.

B、Getthosegraduationrateshigherandhigherandhigher.

C>Reengagedrop-outstudentsandmakethemsuccessful.

D、Producemoreandmoretalentedgraduates.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

25、

A、Understandingitsimportancetothejobmarkets.

B>Understandingeducationpolicy.

C、Understandingtheneedsofindividualdevelopment.

D^Understandingthenecessityofeducationrevolution.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

三、選擇題（本題共14題，每題1.0分，共14分。）

(1)TheChestnutTreewasalmostempty.Arayofsunlightslantingthroughawindow

fellondustytable-tops.Itwasthelonelyhouroffifteen.Atinnymusictrickledfromthe

telescreens.(2)Winstonsatinhisusualcomer,gazingintoanemptyglass.Nowand

againheglancedupatavastfacewhicheyedhimfromtheoppositewall.BIG

BROTHERISWATCHINGYOU,thecaptionsaid.Unbidden,awaitercameandfilled

hisglassupwithVictoryGin,shakingintoitafewdropsfromanotherbottlewithaquill

throughthecork.Itwassaccharineflavouredwithcloves,thespecialityofthecafe.(3)

Winstonwaslisteningtothetelescreen.Atpresentonlymusicwascomingoutofit,but

therewasapossibilitythatalanymomenttheremightbeaspecialbulletinfromthe

MinistryofPeace.ThenewsfromtheAfricanfrontwasdisquietingintheextreme.On

andoffhehadbeenworryingaboutitallday.AEurasian(歐亞國的)army[Oceania(大

洋國)wasatwarwithEurasia:OceaniahadalwaysbeenatwarwithEurasia]was

movingsouthwardatterrifyingspeed.Themid-daybulletinhadnotmentionedany

definitearea,butitwasprobablethatalreadythemouthoftheCongowasabattlefield.

BrazzavilleandLeopoldvillewereindanger.Onedidnothavetolookatthemaptosee

whatitmeant.ItwasnotmerelyaquestionoflosingCentralAfrica:fbrthefirsttimein

thewholewar,theterritoryofOceaniaitselfwasmenaced.(4)Aviolentemotion,not

fearexactlybutasortofundifferentiatedexcitement,flaredupinhim,thenfadedagain.

Hestoppedthinkingaboutthewar.Inthesedayshecouldneverfixhismindonanyone

subjectformorethanafewmomentsatatime.Hepickeduphisglassanddraineditata

gulp.Asalways,theginmadehimshudderandevenretchslightly.Thestuffwas

horrible.Theclovesandsaccharine,themselvesdisgustingenoughintheirsicklyway,

couldnotdisguisetheflatoilysmell:andwhatwasworstofallwasthatthesmellofgin,

whichdweltwithhimnightandday,wasinextricablymixedupinhismindwiththe

smellofthose一(5)Henevernamedthem,eveninhisthoughts,andsofarasitwas

possiblehenevervisualizedthem.Theyweresomethingthathewashalf-awareof,

hoveringclosetohisface,asmellthatclungtohisnostrils.Astheginroseinhimhe

belched(打嗝)throughpurplelips.Hehadgrownfattersincetheyreleasedhim,andhad

regainedhisoldcolour-indeed,morethanregainedit.Hisfeatureshadthickened,the

skinonnoseandcheekboneswascoarselyred,eventhebaldscalp(頭皮)wastoodeepa

pink.Awaiter,againunbidden,broughtthechessboardandthecurrentissueofThe

Times,withthepageturneddownatthechessproblem.Then,seeingthatWinston'sglass

wasempty,hebroughttheginbottleandfilledit.Therewasnoneedtogiveorders.They

knewhishabits.Thechessboardwasalwayswaitingforhim,hiscornertablewasalways

reserved:evenwhentheplacewasfullhehadittohimself,sincenobodycaredtobeseen

sittingtooclosetohim.Heneverevenbotheredtocounthisdrinks.Atirregularintervals

theypresentedhimwithadirtyslipofpaperwhichtheysaidwasthebilLbuthehadthe

impressionthattheyalwaysunderchargedhim.Itwouldhavemadenodifferenceifithad

beentheotherwayabout.Hehadalwaysplentyofmoneynowadays.Heevenhadajob,

asinecure(閑職)，morehighly-paidthanhisoldjobhadbeen.(6)Themusicfromthe

telescreenstoppedandavoicetookover.Winstonraisedhisheadtolisten.Nobulletins

fromthefront,however.ItwasmerelyabriefannouncementfromtheMinistryofPlenty.

Intheprecedingquarter,itappeared,theTenthThree-YearPlan'squotaforbootlaceshad

beenover-fulfilledby98percent.(7)Heexaminedthechessproblemandsetoutthe

pieces.Itwasatrickyending,involvingacoupleofknights."Whitetoplayandmatein

twomoves.nWinstonlookedupattheportraitofBigBrother.Whitealwaysmates,he

thoughtwithasortofcloudymysticism.Always,withoutexception,itissoarranged.In

nochessproblemsincethebeginningoftheworldhasblackeverwon.Diditnot

symbolizetheeternal,unvaryingtriumphofGoodoverEvil?Thehugefacegazedback

athim,fullofcalmpower.Whitealwaysmates.(8)Thevoicefromthetelescreenpaused

andaddedinadifferentandmuchgravertone:"Youarewarnedtostandbyfbran

imporlantannouncementatfifteen-thirty.Fifteen-thirty!Thisisnewsofthehighest

importance.Takecarenottomissit.Fifteen-thirty!"Thelinkingmusicstruckupagain.

(9)Winston'sheartstirred.Thatwasthebulletinfromthefront:instincttoldhimthatit

wasbadnewsthatwascoming.Allday,withlittlespurtsofexcitement,thethoughtofa

smashingdefeatinAfricahadbeeninandoutofhismind.Heseemedactuallytoseethe

Eurasianarmyswarmingacrossthenever-brokenfrontierandpouringdownintothetip

ofAfricalikeacolumnofants.Whyhaditnotbeenpossibletooutflanktheminsome

way?TheoutlineoftheWestAfricancoaststoodoutvividlyinhismind.Hepickedup

thewhiteknightandmoveditacrosstheboard.Therewastheproperspot.Evenwhilehe

sawtheblackhorderacingsouthwardhesawanotherforce,mysteriouslyassembled,

suddenlyplantedintheirrear,cuttingtheircommunicationsbylandandsea.Hefeltthat

bywillingithewasbringingthatotherforceintoexistence.Butitwasnecessarytoact

quickly.IftheycouldgetcontrolofthewholeofAfrica,iftheyhadairfieldsand

submarinebasesattheCape,itwouldcutOceaniaintwo.Itmightmeananything:defeat,

breakdown,theredivisionoftheworld,thedestructionoftheParty!Hedrewadeep

breath.Anextraordinarymedleyoffeeling—butitwasnotamedley,exactly:ratherit

wassuccessivelayersoffeeling,inwhichonecouldnotsaywhichlayerwas

undermost—struggledinsidehim.

26、WhatcanbeinferredfromPara.2?

A、WinstonwasaregularattheChestnutTree.

B、AmanwasstaringatWinstonfromtheoppositeseat.

C、ThewaiteraddedsonicsaccharineintoWinston'sremainingdrink.

D、TheChestnutTreewasadistinctivecafe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第二段。該段第一句提到溫斯頓坐

在他常坐的角落里，盯著一個空玻璃杯，usualcorner表明溫斯頓是這家咖啡館的

?？停Y(jié)合上文可知，這家咖啡館的名字是栗樹咖啡館，故A為答案。該段第二

句和第三句提到他不時地抬頭瞥一眼對面墻上看著他的那張大臉，圖片下面寫著一

行字：老大哥在看著你，第三句中的caplion意為"(圖片的)說明文字”，由此可知，

盯著溫斯頓看的是掛在對面墻上的頭像，而不是坐在他對面位置上的男人，B與原

文表述不符，故排除；該段第四句指出服務(wù)員不等招呼就上來為他斟滿了一杯勝利

牌杜松子酒，從另外一只瓶子里倒幾粒有丁香味的糖精在里面，由此可知，服務(wù)員

是把丁香味的糖精加入新倒的酒里，而不是溫斯頓喝剩的酒，C與原文表述不符，

故排除；該段最后一句提到丁香味的糖精是這家咖啡館的特色，但并未表明這家咖

啡館就很有特色，故排除D。

27>ItcanbeinferredfromthebulletinfromtheAfricanfrontatnoonthat.

A、WinstonknewexactlywheretheEurasianarmyhadpassedby

EurasiaandOceaniafoughtatthemouthoftheCongo

C、EurasiansouthwardmovementputBrazzavilleandLeopoldvilleatrisk

D、OceanialostthecontrolofCentralAfricaanditsownterritory

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第三段。該段第六句和第七句指

出，正午的公報表明布拉柴維爾和利奧波德維爾已陷入危險，而第五句提到一支歐

亞國的軍隊(duì)正在以令人恐懼的速度向南挺進(jìn)，由此可知，歐亞國軍隊(duì)的南下使布拉

柴維爾和利奧波德維爾陷入危險，故C為答案。該段第六句提到正午的公報并未

提及任何具體地點(diǎn)，但很可能剛果河口就是一處戰(zhàn)場，由此可知，溫斯頓并不知道

歐亞國軍隊(duì)確切的途經(jīng)地點(diǎn)，A與原文表述相反，放排除，同時排除B,因?yàn)樵?/p>

只提及剛果河口很可能是一處戰(zhàn)場，但并未完全確定雙方己在此開戰(zhàn)；該段紙后一

句表明布拉柴維爾和利奧波德維爾陷入危險導(dǎo)致的兩個后果：一個是大洋國丟掉中

非，另一個是大洋國的本土受到威脅，而不是大洋國失去對其本土的控制，故排除

Do

28、Whatdoestheword"retch1'inPara.4mean?

A、Lingeron.

B、Feelsick.

C、Scrapeby.

D、Feelrelaxed.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第四段。該段第五句提到，一如既

往，杜松子酒令他打了個哆嗦，甚至有點(diǎn)retch。緊接著第六句和第七句指出這東

西太恐怖了，丁香和糖精，本身甜得發(fā)膩就夠令人惡心的，更掩蓋不了那股油味。

由這兩句中的horrible和disgusting可知，retch應(yīng)為貶義詞，B“感到惡心”最符合文

意，故為答案。A“流連忘返”和D“感到放松”屬于褒義范疇，與原文表述不符，故

均排除；C”勉強(qiáng)維持生活”明顯與原文不符，故排除。

29、Accordingtothelastparagraph,WinstonfeltaboutthefutureofOceaniain

thiswar.

A^optimistic

B、confident

C^disappointed

D、apprehensive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段。該段前三句提到溫斯頓聽到

即將播放重要通知時的心情：他心亂如麻；這是前線來的公報，直覺告訴他即將傳

來的是壞消息；一整天，帶著一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)激動，他時不時地想到會在非洲慘敗。而該段

的第十二句和第十三句表明溫斯頓想到的是大洋國在非洲的慘敗。由此可以判斷溫

斯頓對大洋國在此次戰(zhàn)爭中的未來表示擔(dān)憂，故D為答案。

30、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemysteriousarmyimaginedbyWinston

canbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

A、1(belongedioEurasia.

B>Itappearedontheflanksofenemyunits.

C^Itsspeedofactionwasoftheessence.

D、ItscontrolofAfricamightsplitOceania.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)詞析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至最后一段。該段第四句提到溫斯頓

仿佛確實(shí)看到，歐亞國的軍隊(duì)像螞蟻大軍一樣，蜂擁而至，越過從未被突破的前

線，涌進(jìn)非洲底端。該段第九句和第十句又指出，甚至當(dāng)他目睹黑色大軍快速南下

時，他看見了另外一支大軍，神秘地集結(jié)起來，突然插入他們的后方，切斷了他們

的陸海交通，他覺得通過意愿，自己正在把另一支大軍變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。這三句表明與黑

色大軍敵對的另外一支大軍是溫斯頓所想象的神秘大軍。緊接著第卜一句提到這支

神秘大軍必須迅速采取行動。由此可知，這支軍隊(duì)的行動速度非常重要，故C為

答案，同時排除A,該段第四句和第九句表明黑色大軍才是歐亞國的軍隊(duì)，而神秘

大軍屬于敵對方，即大洋國。第九句直接提及神秘大軍突然插入黑色大軍的后方，

而不是出現(xiàn)在敵軍側(cè)翼，故排除B；第十二句提到如果他們控制了整個非洲，如果

他們奪得了好望角的機(jī)場和潛艇基地，大洋國就要被一分為二了，該句中的they

是指黑色大軍，而不是神秘大軍，D與原文表述不符，故排除。

(1)Thesaltequationtaughttodoctorsformorethan200yearsisnothardtounderstand.

Thebodyreliesonthisessentialmineralforavarietyoffunctions,includingblood

pressureandthetransmissionofnerveimpulses.Sodiumlevelsinthebloodmustbe

carefullymaintained.Ifyoueatalotofsalt—sodiumchloride—youwillbecomethirsty

anddrinkwater,dilutingyourbloodenoughtomaintaintheproperconcentrationof

sodium.Ultimatelyyouwillexcretemuchoftheexcesssaltandwaterinurine.The

theoryisintuitiveandsimple.Anditmaybecompletelywrong.(2)Theresearch,

publishedrecentlyintwodensepapersinTheJournalofClinicalInvestigation,

contradictsmuchoftheconventionalwisdomabouthowthebodyhandlessaltand

suggeststhathighlevelsmayplayaroleinweightloss.(3)Thefindingshavestunned

kidneyspecialists."Thisisjustverynovelandfascinating,"saidDr.MelanieHoenig,an

assistantprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool."Theworkwasmeticulously

done."(4)Dr.JamesR.Johnston,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,marked

eachunexpectedfindinginthemarginsofthetwopapers.Thestudieswerecoveredwith

scribblesbythetimehewasdone."Reallycool,'*hesaid,althoughheaddedthatthe

findingsneedtobereplicated.(5)Thenewstudiesaretheculminationofadecades-long

questbyadeterminedscientist,Dr.JensTitze,nowakidneyspecialistatVanderbilt

UniversityMedicalCenterandtheInterdisciplinaryCenterforClinicalResearchin

Erlangen,Germany.(6)In1991,asamedicalstudentinBerlin,hetookaclassonhuman

physiologyinextremeenvironments.Theprofessorwhotaughtthecourseworkedwith

theEuropeanspaceprogramandpresenteddatafromasimulated28-daymissionin

whichacrewlivedinasmallcapsule.Themaingoalwastolearnhowthecrewmembers

wouldgetalong.Butthescientistsalsohadcollectedtheastronauts'urineandother

physiologicalmarkers.Titzenoticedsomethingpuzzlinginthecrewmembers'data:

Theirurinevolumeswentupanddowninaseven-daycycle.Thatcontradictedallhe'd

beentaughtinmedicalschool:Thereshouldbenosuchtemporalcycle.(7)In1994,the

Russianspaceprogramdecidedtodoa135-daysimulationoflifeontheMirspace

station.TitzearrangedtogotoRussiatostudyurinepatternsamongthecrewmembers

andhowthesewereaffectedbysaltinthediet.Astrikingfindingemerged:a28-day

rhythmintheamountofsodiumthecosmonauts'bodiesretainedthatwasnotlinkedto

theamountofurinetheyproduced.Andthesodiumrhythmsweremuchmore

pronouncedthantheurinepatterns.Thesodiumlevelsshouldhavebeenrisingandfalling

withthevolumeofurine.Althoughthestudywasn'tperfect—thecrewmembers'sodium

intakewasnotpreciselycalibrated(校準(zhǔn))一Titzewasconvincedsomethingotherthan

fluidintakewasinfluencingsodiumstoresinthecrew'sbodies.Theconclusion,he

realized,"washeresy."(8)In2006,theRussianspaceprogramannouncedtwomore

simulationstudies,onelasting105daysandtheother520days.Titzesawachanceto

figureoutwhetherhisanomalousfindingswerereal.Intheshortersimulation,the

cosmonautsateadietcontaining12gramsofsaltdaily,followedby9grainsdaily,and

thenalow-saltdietof6gramsdaily,eachfora28-dayperiod.Inthelongermission,the

cosmonautsalsoateanadditionalcycleof12gramsofsaltdaily.Likemostofus,the

cosmonautslikedtheirsalt.OliverKnickel,33,aGermancitizenparticipatinginthe

programwhoisnowanautomotiveengineerinStuttgart,recalledthateventhefoodthat

supplied12gramsadaywasnotsaltyenoughforhim.Whenthesaltlevelgotdownto6

grams,hesaid,"Itdidn'ttastegood."(9)TherealshockercamewhenTitzemeasuredthe

amountofsodiumexcretedinthecrew'surine,thevolumeoftheirurine,andtheamount

ofsodiumintheirblood.Themysteriouspatternsinurinevolumepersisted,but

everythingseemedtoproceedaccordingtothetextbooks.Whenthecrewatemoresalt,

theyexcretedmoresalt:theamountofsodiumintheirbloodremainedconstant,andtheir

urinevolumeincreased."Butthenwehadalookatfluidintake,andweremorethan

surprised/hesaid.Insteadofdrinkingmore,thecrewweredrinkinglessinthelongrun

whengettingmoresalt.Sowherewastheexcretedwatercomingfrom?"Therewasonly

onewaytoexplainthisphenomenon,"Titzesaid."Thebodymostlikelyhadgeneratedor

producedwaterwhensaltintakewashigh."(10)Togetfurtherinsight,Titzebegana

studyofmiceinthelaboratory.Sureenough,themoresaltheaddedtotheanimals'diet,

thelesswatertheydrank.Andhesawwhy.Theanimalsweregettingwater-butnotby

drinkingit.Theincreasedlevelsofglucocorticoidhormones(糖皮質(zhì)激素)brokedown

fatandmuscleintheirownbodies.Thisfreedupwaterforthebodytouse.Butthat

processrequiresenergy,Titzealsofound,whichiswhythemiceate25percentmore

foodonahigh-saltdiet.Thehormonesalsomaybeacauseofthestrangelong-term

fluctuationsinurinevolume.(11)Scientistsknewthatastarvingbodywillburnitsown

fatandmuscleforsustenance.Buttherealizationthatsomethingsimilarhappensona

saltydiethascomeasarevelation.(12)Peopledowhaicamelsdo,notedDr.Mark

Zeidel,anephrologistatHarvardMedicalSchoolwhowroteaneditorialaccompanying

Titze'sstudies.Acameltravelingthroughthedesertthathasnowatertodrinkgetswater

insteadbybreakingdownthefatinitshump.(13)Oneofthemanyimplicationsofthis

findingisthatsaltmaybeinvolvedinweightloss.Generally,scientistshaveassumed

thatahigh-saltdietencouragesagreaterintakeoffluids,whichincreasesweight.Butif

balancingahighersaltintakerequiresthebodytobreakdowntissue,itmayalsoincrease

energyexpenditure.(14)Still,Titzesaidhewouldnotadviseeatingalotofsalttolose

weight.Ifhisresultsarecorrect,moresaltwillmakeyouhungrierinthelongrun,soyou

wouldhavetobesureyoudidnoteatmorefoodtomakeupfortheextracaloriesburned.

And,Titzesaid,highglucocorticoidlevelsarclinkedtosuchconditionsasosteoporosis

(骨質(zhì)疏松癥)，muscleloss,Type2diabetesandothermetabolic(新陳代謝的)problems.

31、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?

A、Mineralsplayindispensablerolesinmanybodilyfunctions.

Bloodconcentrationofsodiumisdifficulttokeepintheproperrange.

C、Toomuchsodiumchloridewillincreasethewaterintake.

D、Excesssaltwillbedilutedandretainedinthebody.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。該段第四句提到：如果你攝人

大量鹽分——氯化鈉——你就會口渴，會喝水，從而把血液稀釋到足以維持適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

鈉濃度。該句中的破折號表明氯化鈉是鹽分的同位語，由此可知，攝人過多的氯化

鈉會增加水?dāng)z入量，故C為答案。該段第二句指出人類的身體依賴這種必不可少

的礦物質(zhì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)種種功能，包括血壓和傳遞神經(jīng)脈沖，該句中的礦物質(zhì)是指前一句

中所提到的鹽分，而不是泛指所有的礦物質(zhì)，A與原文表述不符，故排除；該段第

三句提到血液中的鈉濃度必須要小心地維持，這表明血液中的鈉濃度很重要，但并

不能由此推出血液中的鈉濃度很難保持在一個合理的范圍內(nèi)，故排除B；該段第五

句指出最終人們會通過尿液排出大量多余的鹽分和水，而不是讓過量的鹽分滯留在

體內(nèi)，故排除D。

32、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchpublishedinTheJournalof

ClinicalInvestigationisINCORRECT?

A^It'stheoppositeoftraditionalwaystohandlesaltinbody.

B、MelanieHoenigthoughtithadbeenconductedscrupulously.

C^Dr.Johnstonsuggesteditshouldberedonetoconfirmthefindings.

D^It'stheresultJensTitzehasexploredfortensofyears.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第二段至第五段。從第二段得知，

近期發(fā)表在《臨床調(diào)查雜志》上的兩篇艱深論文中的一項(xiàng)研究，與大部分關(guān)于身體

如何處理鹽分的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，而不是相反，A與原文表述不符，故為答案。第

三段最后一句提到梅勒妮?霍尼格表示研究工作做得非常細(xì)致，B與原文表述相

符，故排除；第四段最后一句中約翰斯頓博士補(bǔ)充道，這些研究結(jié)果需要驗(yàn)證，該

句中replicate的意思是dothescientificstudyagainortrylogetthesameresultagain,

由此可知，約翰斯頓博士認(rèn)為需要重做該研究來驗(yàn)證結(jié)果，C與原文表述相符，故

排除；第五段第一句提到這些新研究論文是一位意志堅(jiān)定的科學(xué)家延斯-蒂策博士

長達(dá)數(shù)十年探索的結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)D中的exploredfortensofyears對應(yīng)原文中的a

decades-longquest,D與原文表述相符，故排除。

33、Thesimulationstudylasting28days.

A、wasundertakenjointlybyTitzeandtheEuropeanspaceprogram

B、tookastronautslivinginaspacevehicleassubjects

C、aimedtocollectandanalyzethesubjects'urine

D、foundastronauts*urinevolumesriseandfalleverysevendays

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第六段。第六段第二句指出，授課

教授與歐洲太空計(jì)劃合作，并展示了一項(xiàng)為期28天的模擬任務(wù)所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)，在

該項(xiàng)任務(wù)中，全體宇航員都生活在一個小太空艙內(nèi)。再結(jié)合接下來三句中的研究目

標(biāo)和收集信息可知，該項(xiàng)任務(wù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象是生活在一個宇宙飛行器中的宇航員，故

B為答案，同時排除A,因?yàn)榕c歐洲太空計(jì)劃合作咳項(xiàng)研究的是蒂策的授課教授，

而不是蒂策木人。該段第三句和第四句指出，該研究的主要目標(biāo)是了解宇航員們會

如何相處，但科學(xué)家們也收集了這些宇航員的尿液及其他生理指標(biāo)。由此可.知，收

集和分析實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的尿液只是科學(xué)家們附帶做的工作，而非該研究的主要目標(biāo)，C

與原文表述不符，故排除；該段第五句提到蒂策注意到宇航員的數(shù)據(jù)中有令人費(fèi)解

的地方：他們的尿顯以7天為一個周期，下波動，由此可知，這一變化是作為學(xué)生

的蒂策發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故排除D。

34、ItcanNOTbeinferredfromthetwostudiesannouncedinthesameyearthat.

A、Titzewantedtoverifyhisfindingsinthesetwostudies

B、astronautsinthelongersimulationhadhighersaltintakeeveryday

C>Knickelwasunsatisfiedwithallthesaltlevelsofferedinfood

D、subjectsweregettingwaternotbydrinkingitwheneatingmoresalt

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題C根據(jù)題干提示定位至第八段和第九段C第八段第二句提

到在持續(xù)時間較短的那項(xiàng)模擬中，宇航員每天的飲食含有12克鹽，接著是每天9

克，然后是每天6克的低鹽飲食，每個階段為期28天。緊接著第四句指出，在持

續(xù)時間較長的那項(xiàng)任務(wù)中，宇航員還多了一個每天攝人12克鹽的飲食周期。由此

可知，在兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)中，宇航員們每天的食鹽攝人量并沒有區(qū)別，只是在持續(xù)時間較

長的任務(wù)中，宇航員們多了一個每天攝入12克鹽的飲食周期，B與原文表述不

符，故為答案。第八段前兩句提到，2006年，俄羅斯太空計(jì)劃乂宣布了兩項(xiàng)模擬

研究，一項(xiàng)持續(xù)105天，另一項(xiàng)持續(xù)520天，蒂策看到了一個機(jī)會，可以去弄清楚

他那些異常研究結(jié)果的真假。由此可知，蒂策想要通過這兩項(xiàng)研究驗(yàn)證其研究結(jié)

果，故排除A；第八段第六句指出，參加了該項(xiàng)1=1的33歲德國公民奧利弗?科尼克

爾回憶說，即使是每天提供了12克鹽的食物，對他而言還是不夠咸，這表明科尼

克爾對食物里提供的最高鹽量12克都不滿意，由化可知，他對食物里提供的所有

鹽量都不滿意，故排除c；第九段第五句提到蒂策發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)攝人更多鹽分時，長期來

看，全體宇航員非但沒有喝更多的液體，反而喝得更少，該段第八句則指出蒂策認(rèn)

為當(dāng)鹽攝入量偏高時，身體很可能已經(jīng)造水或產(chǎn)水了，由此可知，當(dāng)攝入更多鹽分

時，實(shí)驗(yàn)對象并不是靠飲水來獲得水分，故排除D。

35、Dr.MarkZeidelwasTitze'sfindingabouthowthebodyproducedwater.

A、neutralabout

B、indifferentto

C>opposedto

D、supportiveof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十二段。該段第一句提到哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)

學(xué)院的腎病學(xué)家馬克-賽德爾博士為蒂策的兩篇研究論文撰寫了一篇社論，他指出

人類的做法和駱駝一樣。緊接著第二句具體解釋了其觀點(diǎn)：正在穿越沙漠的駱駝，

無水可飲，作為替代，它通過分解駝峰中的脂肪來獲得水分。而第十段第五句和第

六句提到，蒂策發(fā)現(xiàn)糖皮質(zhì)激素水平的升高，分解了自體脂肪和肌肉，這就釋放出

了供身體使用的水分。由此可以判斷馬克-賽德爾博士支持蒂策關(guān)于身體如何產(chǎn)水

的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D為答案。

(1)Oakville,Ontario—JanetBarberdoesn'tdwelltoomuchontheviewfromher

driveway.(2)Manyofherlongtimeneighborsupanddowntheblockhavecashedinon

thearea'ssoaringhousepricesandmovedaway.Wheretheirmodestwoodhomesonce

stood,muchlargerarchitect-designedhousesofstone,steelandglassfillthelots.Across

thestreet,abigsignplasteredwith"Sold"stickersmeansthatoneisprobablynexttogo.

(3)ButnomatterhowmuchMs.Barberandherhusband,Michael,mightnowbeableto

getfortheirownthree-bedroombungalow,theyarenotabouttojointherush.(4)Why?

Thoughtheyarcoldenoughtobecmpty-ncstcrs,theirnestisn'tempty.Their29-ycar-old

daughter,Sarah,hasbeenlivingwiththemsinceshefinishedagraduatedegreein2013,

becauseshecannotyetaffordaplaceofherown.Heroldersister,Jennifer,didthesame

forsixyears.(5)Themorehousepricesrise,thelongeritwilltakeSarahtosaveup

enoughtomoveout.Butthelongersheandthousandslikeherstaywiththeirparents,the

fewerhousesareputupforsale-andthatscarcityisabigreasonpricesaresoaring.(6)

Itisaparadoxofthered-hotrealestatemarketaroundToronto:Someownersarenot

sellingbecausepricesarctoohigh.(7)Oakville,theaffluentcommutertownwherethe

Barberslive,hasbeentransformedbydiepropertyboomintheTorontoarea.Lastmonth,

theaveragesalepriceinOakvillehit1.4millionCanadiandollars($1million),30

percenthigherthanayearago.Pricesareclimbingintosevenfiguresacrosstheregion,

andrentalsareexpensiveanddifficulttofind.(8)Thosedauntingfigureshavedriven

thousandsofyoungadultsbackintotheirchildhoodbedrooms.Anunusuallyhigh56.5

percentofpeopleintheir20sintheTorontoareastilllivewiththeirparents,compared

with42percentnationwide.LikeSarahBarber,manyofthemappeartobetradingsome

iiidupcndciiucfortheclianucloturnwhatulhciwisewouldhavebeenrentmoneyinto

savingsfbradownpayment.(9)Ilcanmakesensefinanciallyforthem,butitalsomakes

theaffordabilityproblemworse.Basiceconomicssaysthathighpricesoughttoentice

moreownerstosell,withtheaddedsupplyhelpingtorelievesomeoftheupward

pressure.ButthatisnothappeninginToronto,where,despiteintensedemand,therateof

newlistingshasbeenstagnantforseveralyears,andevenfell12percentlastmonth.(10)

TheremaybeseveralreasonsmoreToronto-areahomeownersarenotdoingwhatthe

economicstextbookspredict.Someanalystsbelievethatparentswhomightotherwise

sell,butarestayingputtoaccommodatetheiradultchildren,areasignificantfactor.(II)

"It'stheonlygiftwecangivethem,"JanetBarbersaidasherdaughterstriedtopersuade

thefamily'sgoldenretrieverpuppynottolickeveryfaceinthelivingroom."Wecan't

givethema200,000dollardownpaymentonahouse.Sowhatcanwedo?Wecanhouse

them."(12)PricesarestableorrisingslowlyinmostotherCanadiancities,butToronto

isbooming,fueledbyrapidpopulationgrowth,andbuilderscannothopetomeetallthe

demand.AsimilarfrenzytookholdinVancouver,BritishColumbia,forawhile,buta

seriesofmeasures,includingataxonforeignbuyers,seemstohavecooleditofffornow.

(13)DanaSenagama,theprincipalmarketanalystlortheTorontoareaattheCanada

HousingandMortgageCorporation,afederalagency,saidexpertswerejustastaken

abackbythepriceexplosionasthegeneralpublic.(14)HIthinkit'scrazy,MMs.Senagama

said."Weall,asanindustry,justneedtobecarefuland