2023年中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題-第2講動詞和動詞短語（原稿版）考情分析廣東省卷近5年中考考點解讀考點題型2022 202120202019 2018情態(tài)動詞單項填空///cancan動詞詞組完形填空takeawaylookforaskforgoaway,askforcarryout,setoff動詞辨析聽填信息/camping //failed完形填空help,work,shareprotect,encourage,seerefuseagree,realizefill,describe固定搭配短文填空drink/haveteacallsb.＋名字，written/publishedbooksnewclothestowear,setuptakeaphotocheeredsb.up 二．知識導(dǎo)圖三．實義動詞辨析1.動詞概念動詞是表示人和事物的動作或狀態(tài)的詞，具有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法范疇。動詞經(jīng)常充當句子的謂語或謂語的組成部分。2.考點總結(jié)：分析廣東省卷近9年中考真題可知，實義動詞辨析是必考考點。在解答此類題型時，學(xué)生要確定每個動詞的含義，通過上下文分析語境，從而確定答案。常考動詞歸納(2014－2022年廣東省卷完形填空總結(jié))Aagree同意；贊同allow允許avoid避免；防止Bbreak打破；打碎build建造Cchange改變compare比較；對比connect連接consider考慮；認為control操作；操縱；限制；約束；管理collect收集Ddepend視……而定；決定于；依靠，信賴describe描寫，描述(9年2考)discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到disturb打擾；妨礙Eencourage鼓勵(9年2考)enjoy喜愛，享受……的樂趣examine檢查；檢驗explain解釋；說明Ffill填滿；填充force強迫，迫使forget忘記Gguess猜測，估計guide指引；指導(dǎo)Hhelp幫助(9年1考)Iimagine想象，設(shè)想Llaugh笑leave離開lend借給，借出lift舉起，抬起，提起live居住，生活Mmove移動Oorder命令Ppush督促，推動protect保護pull拉Rrealize理解，領(lǐng)會，認識到refuse拒絕(9年2考)Ssell出售，銷售，賣share分享(9年1考)shout喊叫，呼叫show展示，顯示smile微笑spread拓展；蔓延；傳播support支持see看見search搜索Tthrow扔，擲(9年2考)try嘗試，設(shè)法，努力tell講；告訴thank感謝Wwash洗warn警告work工作(9年1考)3.常見行為動詞辨析：①spend，cost，take與pay（四個花費）spend指花費時間或者金錢，后接on?sth或(in)doing?sth；cost主語為物，意為“值多少錢”；take表示花費多少時間，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+時間+to?do?sth；pay與介詞for連用例：He?spends?two?hours?in?doing?his?homework?every?day.他每天花兩小時做作業(yè)。The?car?cost?him?a?lot?of?money.這輛車花了他好多錢。It?took?me?half?an?hour?to?clean?the?room.我花了半小時打掃房間。I?paid?40?yuan?for?the?book.這本書我花了40塊錢。②borrow，lend與keep（三個借）borrow是指“借入，借進（從他人那里借某東西為自己所用）”，常用短語：borrow?sth.?from?sb.?/sp.；lend指“借出去（借給他人）”，常用短語：lend?sth.?to?sb.?/lend?sb.?sth.（通常跟雙賓語）。區(qū)別時關(guān)鍵看主語，是主語借給別人就是lend，主語向別人借就是borrow;?keep是延續(xù)性動詞，常與表示一段時間的狀語連周，表示“借多長時間”。例：My?sister?often?borrows?books?from?the?library.我妹妹常從圖書館借書。I?lent?my?bike?to?Jim?yesterday.我昨天把自行車借給杰姆了。How?long?can?I?keep?the?book?這本書我能借多久？③speak,?say,?talk與?tell（四個說）speak意為“講話”，著重指在會議上的演講，或指講某種語言等。say意為“說”，著重說的內(nèi)容，用作及物動詞。talk意為“談話”，著重雙方交談。talk?to/with?sb?about?sth表示“和某人談?wù)撃呈隆?。tell意為“告訴”，一般接雙賓語。tell?a?story，“講故事”；tell?a?lie，“撒謊”例：He?can?speak?Chinese.他能說中文。Please?say?it?in?English.請用英語說。They?are?talking?about?it.?他們在談?wù)撨@事。He?can?tell?you?something?about?his?family.他會告訴你有關(guān)他家的事。④forget與leave（兩個忘）forget意為“忘記（記憶中的東西）”。表示“遺忘”時，不能同表示地點的詞語連用；leave意為“落下，遺落”，指把某物遺忘在某個地方，后接表示地點的詞語。例：I've?forgotten?his?name.我已忘了他的名字。He?left?his?English?book?at?home.他把英語書忘家里了。=5\*GB3⑤lookfor與find（兩個找）lookfor強調(diào)尋找的過程find強調(diào)找的結(jié)果=6\*GB3⑥listento和hear（兩個聽）listento強調(diào)聽的動作hear強調(diào)聽的結(jié)果=7\*GB3⑦get、reach和arrive（三個到達）getto+地點名詞reach及物動詞，后面可以直接跟地點名詞arrivearrivein+大地方at+小地方=8\*GB3⑧dress、puton和wear（三個穿）dressdresssb.給某人穿衣服，dresssb.up打扮某人puton穿上、戴上，表示動作wear穿著，戴著，表示狀態(tài)4.方法技巧：1）實義動詞在完形填空中的運用分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，在完形填空中，主要考查實義動詞詞義的辨析，且主要是根據(jù)文章語境推斷出正確答案。例：(2022廣東)Peopleinthecommunitycameto__44__.Theybroughtusfoodandoftencalledtomakesureweweredoingfine．()44.A.cryB.seeC.helpD.rest2）實義動詞在短文填空中的運用分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，在短文填空中，實義動詞考查了7次，其中動詞原形5年3考，動詞的一般過去時5年2考，動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時5年1考，動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時5年1考。針對該題型，考生需首先確定空格處填的詞為動詞，再結(jié)合句子的時態(tài)，空格前是否有不定式、情態(tài)動詞等確定所填動詞的形式。第一步：判斷挖空處應(yīng)填動詞。1.在情態(tài)動詞或動詞不定式to后。(2022廣東短文填空)Peoplethereliketo__73__teawithsugarormilkinit.2.句中缺少謂語動詞。(2021廣東短文填空)HisChinesenameisPanWeilian.HisChinesefriends68him“LaoPan．”第二步：判斷所填動詞用原形。1.在動詞不定式to之后。(2020廣東短文填空)Shefeltsadthatthekidstheredidn'thavenewclothesto__68__…2.用于and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞原形＋and＋動詞原形。(2016廣東短文填空)Wemustvisitourparentsasoftenaspossibleand__80__timewiththemeventhoughwemayworkfaraway.情態(tài)動詞1.定義：情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，要與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞后要使用動詞原形，通常沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(haveto和beableto除外)。2.知識導(dǎo)圖1.有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和動詞原形連用構(gòu)成謂語基本特征2.無人稱和數(shù)的變化3.后接動詞原形1.表能力∶can，can't，could，couldn't2.表請求∶will，would，may，could，might，shall情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的基本用法3.表禁止∶mustn't（9年7考）4.表不需要∶needn't5.表建議∶should，hadbetter情態(tài)動詞表推測1.表肯定推測∶must>could>may>might2.表否定推測∶can't>maynot3.情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞：本身有一定的意義，表示人的語氣和情態(tài)，不可單獨作謂語，須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞辨析情態(tài)動詞過去式詞義句型變化cancould能；會；可以Icouldswimattheageofseven.(肯定句)→Icouldn'tswimattheageofseven.(否定句)→Couldyouswimattheageofseven？(一般疑問句)may might可能；也許Youmaytakeawalkaftersupper.(肯定句)→Youmaynottakeawalkaftersupper.(否定句)→MayItakeawalkaftersupper？(一般疑問句)must/ 必須；一定Wemustarrivehomebefore10：00.(肯定句)→Weneedn't/don'thavetoarrivehomebefore10：00.(否定句)→Mustyouarrivehomebefore10：00？(一般疑問句)have/hastohadto不得不 Tomhadtogohomeonfootlastnight.(肯定句)→Tomdidn'thavetogohomeonfootlastnight.(否定句)→DidTomhavetogohomeonfootlastnight？(一般疑問句)should/oughtto /應(yīng)該Weshould/oughttokeeptheairfresh.(肯定句)→Weshouldn't/oughtnottokeeptheairfresh.(否定句)→Shouldwekeeptheairfresh？/Oughtwetokeeptheairfresh？(一般疑問句) need/ 需要注意：need作情態(tài)動詞使用時，一般用于否定句和疑問句中?！鶼ouneedn'tcloseallthewindows.(否定句)→NeedIcloseallthewindows？(一般疑問句)hadbetter/最好Youhadbetterstayathome.(肯定句)→Youhadbetternotstayathome.(否定句) 注意：幾個情態(tài)動詞在一般疑問句中的回答。(1)—MayIsmokehere?——我可以在這里抽煙嗎？—Yes,youmay.——是的，你可以。/—No,youmustn't/can't．——不，你不可以。(2)—Canyoucometoseemetomorrow?——你明天能來看我嗎？—Yes,Ican.—是的，我可以。/—No,Ican't.—不，我不能。(3)—Musthegonow?——他一定要現(xiàn)在走嗎？—Yes,hemust．——是的，他必須走?！狽o,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.——不，他不需要。(4)—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday?——我需要今天完成作業(yè)嗎？—Yes,youmust.——是的，你必須完成?！狽o,youneedn't/don'thaveto.——不，你不需要。2）情態(tài)動詞的常見用法。用法一：表示能力 can/could表示“能；會” Eg：IcanspeakEnglishwell.我能說一口流利的英語。用法二：表示請求和允許 can,may表示“可以”，在疑問句中表示有禮貌地提出請求 —MayIclosethewindow？——我能關(guān)窗嗎？—Yes,youcan.——是的，你可以?！狢anIcomein？——我能進來嗎？—No，youcan't．——不，你不能。用法三：表示不允許 （1）can't表示“不能”Wecan'tspeakloudlyinpublic.我們不能在公共場合大聲說話。（2）mustn't表示“禁止”，態(tài)度比can't強硬Youmustn'tbreaktherules.你不能違反規(guī)則。用法四：表示猜測，可能性由小到大依次如下：can't(不可能)→might→may→could→can→must(一定是)（1）can't表示“不可能” Thatcan'tbeMr.Wang.HehasgonetoBeijing.那不可能是王先生。他已經(jīng)去北京了。（2）might表示“可能”，可能性比may更??；或表示對過去事情的猜測 Hemay/mightcometomorrow.他可能明天會來。Hemightgoabroadyesterday.他可能昨天就出國了。（3）may表示“可能”，可能性較小 Bequick,oryoumaymisstheearlybus.快點，否則你可能會錯過早班車。（4）must表示“肯定；一定是”，常用于肯定句中，表示肯定性的猜測，可能性最大ThebookmustbeJack's.Hisnameisonit.這本書肯定是杰克的。書上有他的名字。3）情態(tài)動詞注意點（1）beableto與can一樣都可表示能力(can為現(xiàn)在時，could為過去時)，但beableto可用于各種時態(tài)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化Eg:Sheisableto/cansingEnglishsongswell.她能把英語歌唱得很好。have/hasto客觀條件，用have/hasto；主觀因素，用must(have/hasto可用于多種時態(tài))Eg:Shehadtolookafterherlittlesisterwhenhermotherwasout.當媽媽外出時，她不得不照看妹妹。Asastudent,youmuststudyhard.作為一名學(xué)生，你必須好好學(xué)習(xí)。will/wouldwill用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh和請求Willyoupleasetellmethewaytothezoo?你可以告訴我去動物園的路嗎？would表示過去的意愿，在一般疑問句中使用時比使用will的語氣更委婉Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?你愿意來參加我的生日聚會嗎？練習(xí)：語法選擇（情態(tài)動詞專練）笑對人生WhenIwasfourteen，thedoctorexaminedmeandsaidIgotdiabetes（糖尿?。?Peopleoftensaythatteenagers1hardlyhaveanyworriesintheirlives,butthat'snotalwaystrue.Inmycase,becauseofmyillness,Ialways2bestrictwithmyself.Inschool,somepeople3understandwhyIhadtobecarefulaboutwhatIate,orwhyI4givemyselfcourage.Someclassmatesmadefunofme,butluckilyIhadmymombymyside.ShetoldmethatI5careaboutthese.Ididn'tknowifI6doit,butItried.Ilearnedhowtolivewithmyillness.Ieventriedoutforandtookpartinschoolplay.BeforeIgotsick,I7havebeenbraveenoughtodothat.There'sasayingthat"experienceisthebestteacher"andIbelieveit.Myillnesstaughtmethatsometimesabadsituation8letyoudoyourbestandeventrynewthings.ItalsotaughtmethatI9noticetheimportantthingsinlife.Evennow,whenIamupsetaboutsomething,IremindmyselfthatlifeisgodandthatI10neverloseheart.Livingwithdiabeteshasn'tbeeneasy,buttheexperiencehastaughtmesomeimportantlifelessons—onesthatIcontinuetogetgoodthingsfromeveryday.()1.A.can'tB.canC.needD.needn't()2.A.hadtoB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shall()3.A.mayB.mightnotC.shallD.needn't()4.A.couldB.couldn'tC.hadtoD.needn't()5.A.needB.canC.can'tD.needn't()6.A.couldB.couldn'tC.maynotD.need()7.A.won'tB.willC.wouldn'tD.would()8.A.can'tB.canC.needD.needn't()9.A.couldn'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn’tD.hadbetter()10.A.shouldB.shouldn'tC.mayD.maynot動詞詞組分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，動詞詞組辨析是必考點，主要有以下兩種形式。1.同一動詞型。be短語beboredof厭煩berelaxedabout對……感到放松beworriedabout擔(dān)心bepleasedwith對……感到滿意beexcitedabout對……感到興奮bethirstyfor渴望；渴求besurprisedat對……感到驚奇beresponsiblefor對……有責(zé)任；負責(zé)任beknownfor以……聞名；為人知曉look短語lookafter照顧lookaround環(huán)顧lookdownupon瞧不起lookfor尋找lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto向……里看；調(diào)查lookout注意；小心lookthrough瀏覽lookup查閱；向上看lookover檢查take短語takeaway帶走；拿走takecareof照顧takeoff起飛；脫掉takeout取出takeplace發(fā)生taketheplaceof取代takeup占據(jù)；開始從事takedown寫下；記下takepartin參加put短語 putaway把……收起來putdown放下putoff推遲puton穿上；上演putout生產(chǎn)；撲滅；出版putup搭建；張貼get短語getaway離開getback回來getclose(to)靠近geton上車getonwithsb.與某人相處getoutof擺脫；逃避getreadyfor為……做準備gettogether相聚getup起床getin進入；到達；收獲getover克服getoff下車go短語goaway離開goby(時間)流逝goforawalk去散步goon繼續(xù)goout外出；熄滅goover仔細檢查gothrough檢查；經(jīng)歷；通過goback回到come短語comeacross(偶然)遇見comeback回來comedown降落；落下comefrom來自comeon加油；快點cometo共計；達到comeupwith想出comeout出現(xiàn)；出版cometrue實現(xiàn)give短語giveaway捐贈giveback歸還；退后giveout散發(fā)；分發(fā)giveup放棄giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱等)givein屈服；讓步練習(xí)一：look短語（）1.Thedoctorthegirlcarefullyandadvisedhertorestfor2daysanddrinkmorewater.A.lookedover B.lookedup C.lookedfor D.lookedout（）2.Whentheboyheardastrangenoise,hebutsawnothing.A.lookedthrough B.lookedafter C.lookedinto D.lookedaround（）3.Thelittleboyistooyoungtohimselfwell.A.lookfor B.lookthrough C.lookafter D.lookout（）4.Weshouldn’thim.Whatweshoulddoistogivehimahandandhelphim.A.lookforwardto B.lookdownupon C.lookover D.lookinto（）5.Withadatabase（數(shù)據(jù)庫）likethis,youcananythingyouwantinasecond.A.lookinto B.lookup C.lookafter D.lookout練習(xí)二：put短語（）1.Attention,please.Theplanehastobebecauseoftheheavyrainstorm.A.putup B.putoff C.putdown D.putaway（）2.It’sverycoldoutside.Ithinkyou’dbetterthecoat.A.putout B.puton C.putdownD.putaway（）3.Inordertoremindherfatherofgivingupsmoking,shea“NoSmoking”signinthehouse.A.putaway B.putdownC.putup D.putout（）4.---Tom,yourclassmatesarecoming.Yourroomisamess.Theclothesarehereandthere.---Mum,Iwillsoon.A.putthemon B.putthemdown C.putthemoff D.putthemaway（）5.Ifyoudon’twantto,you’dbetterexerciseforhalfanhoureverydayandeatlessmeat.A.putoff B.putout C.putonweight D.putonaperformance練習(xí)三：go短語（）1.Whenyouseesomeoneneedhelp,youcan’t,andyou’dbettercomeupandhelphim.A.goaway B.goby C.goinfor D.goout（）2.IwouldliketowithyouthisSaturdaybecausefishingisoneofmyhobbies.A.goon B.gothrough C.gofishing D.goby（）3.Hehasn’tfinishedhiswork.Pleasetellhimtohisworkafterlunch.A.goout B.goover C.goinfor D.goon（）4.Mysisterwenttohospitalthismorning.Andthedoctorhercarefully.wentover B.wentout C.wentthrough D.wentby練習(xí)四：get短語（）1.Wejustfromourvacationlastnight.Itwasarelaxingone.A.gotoff B.gotaway C.gotback D.gotup（）2.—Whendoyouinthemorning?—Alwaysat7o’clock.A.getdown B.getup C.gettogetherD.getaway（）3.Theyusuallyonceamonth.A.getup B.geton C.gettogether D.getback（）4.Hesawagirlnoddingtohimashethebus.A.gotdown B.gotaway C.gotoff D.gotback（）5.Thebusisempty,soshecanpickupaniceseatassoonasshe.A.getsoff B.getson C.getsback D.getsaway練習(xí)五：give短語（）1.Shewassokindandshemostofhermoneytothemedicalresearchlastmonth.A.gaveback B.gaveout C.gaveup D.gaveaway（）2.Whocanhelpmetothesetestpaperstoyourclassmates?A.giveback B.giveout C.giveup D.giveaway（）3.Thebossaskedherifshewouldherjobwhenshewasmarried.A.giveback B.giveout C.giveup D.giveaway（）4.Ifyoudon’tmytoytometoday,Iwon’tlendyouanythingfromnowon.A.giveback B.giveout C.giveup D.giveaway2.同一介/副詞型。up短語growup長大cheerup使……高興hurryup趕快lookup查閱giveup放棄makeup編造；化妝pickup撿起；接載takeup占用；開始從事ringup打電話stayup熬夜setup建立wakeup醒來putup張貼；舉起on短語carryon繼續(xù)dependon依賴；依靠holdon等一下keepon繼續(xù)liveon以……為食；靠……生活tryon試穿puton穿上；上演with短語agreewithsb.同意某人的意見connectwith與……相連dealwith處理talkwithsb.與某人談話catchupwithsb.趕上某人comeupwith想出getalongwithsb.與某人和睦相處makefriendswith…與……交朋友keepintouchwith…與……保持聯(lián)系for短語 carefor照顧；照料waitfor等待askfor請求；懇求sendfor派人去叫；請(某人)來applyfor申請diefor為……而死payfor付費；付出代價preparefor為……做準備searchfor搜尋，查找standfor是……的縮寫；代表()1.InChina,peopleusually________theirhousestosweepawaybadluckbeforeSpringFestival.A.cleanupB.lookupC.makeupD.putup()2.Itistoodark.Whydon'tyou________thelight?A.putonB.getonC.turnonD.keepon()3.Wehaveto________thesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.A.turnoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.getoff廣東中考真題()1.(2022廣東)Theyareallfromhergardenandfreeforherneighborsto_____.A.lookat B.takeaway C.giveup D.throwaway()2.(2021廣東)Lastmonth,aspaceagency(機構(gòu))toldthepublicthattheywere“aplanetprotectionofficer.”wakingup B.lookingfor C.dealingwith D.talkingabout()3.(2020廣東)Severalmonthsago,Mr.Smithwenttoabodyengineeringshopand______asmallnose.A.caredforB.waitedforC.askedforD.sentfor()4.(2019廣東)Shewasgettingalittleunhappyand______,leavingCindyalone．A.wentoverB.wentonC.wentbyD.wentaway()5.(2019廣東）Thenextdayatschool，theirteacherMrs．Stonetheirnotebooks．A．gaveaway B．a(chǎn)skedfor C．handedin D．paidfor()6.(2018廣東)Althoughtheboywasverysurprisedatthis,hehadnochoicebutto______thistask．A.putoutB.pickoutC.pointoutD.carryout()7.(2018廣東)Theboyonfootfortheriverandsometimelatercamebackwithabowlofwater．A．setoff B．paidoff C．gotoff D．keptoff提升訓(xùn)練一、語法選擇（動詞與動詞詞組專練）Myfamilyhasalwaysbeenpoor,butweareaclosefamily.Weloveourpetsaboveanythingelse.InDecember,things1evenworseformyfamily.Wewentfromjustbeingpoortobeinghomelessandfinally,welosteverythingexceptforourtwoGermanshepherds.Itwasacoldwinter,butluckilywefoundaplacewhereourtwobeautifuldogscould2withus.Unfortunately,oneweekintolivingthere,allofourmoneywasgoneandourdogfoodwas3.Wecalledalloverthetown，trying4someonetohelp.However，nobodywould5ahand.Iwasscaredthatourdogswouldstarve(餓死)SoIcalledasmallpetsupplystore(寵物用品店).There,ayounggirlansweredthephone.Shecheckedthedogfoodpricesandtoldmewhattheywere.I6heraboutwhatweweregoingthrough.Then,thissweetgirltoldmethatshehadextramoneyandthatshewouldbuythedogfoodforus.She