考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷496

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Touristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneof

Rome'smainavenues.Italy'spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaid

tohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000

womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentral

Rome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometo

thecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor"ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeof

job,andasocietywithoutviolence."Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen'sopportunitiesin

employmenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining."Butthereisa

growingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,"saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthe

government-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforworks.

Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly'spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percent

ofItaly*stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianwithjobs.

However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenis

expandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceas

theirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomade

significantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenarcgoingintobusinessfbr

themselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofgrowingoverallin

employment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanks

andotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithout

caringifitisamanorwoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.The

numberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessors

increasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,

womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersand

streetcleaners.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsome

progresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnow

demanded.

1、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"snakethroughcentralRome”?

A、AsnakewaswindingitswaythroughcentralRome.

B、ThestrikerswerewalkinginalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.

C>TouristsdroveahugeorangetractorthroughcentralRome.

D、Thetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000women.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：選項B對應(yīng)第一段最后一句。從這一句可以看出有20萬女性在進(jìn)行

游行示威，他們用了3個多小時穿過羅馬市區(qū)中央，這里的“snakethrough”意思是

“像蛇一樣穿過”，選項B是一個同義替換，其中的“striker”是“游行示威者”的意

思，“winding”的意思是“蜿蜒的”。選項A無中生有，文中沒有提到有蛇穿過羅

馬。選項C無中生有或者說曲解文意，根據(jù)第一段第一句來看，開拖拉機(jī)的人是

一個女人。選項D對應(yīng)文章最后一句的內(nèi)容，但是卻沒有解釋題目中的這個短語

的意思，屬于答非所問。

2、WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?

A、Therewereenoughjobopportunitiesforwomen.

B、Thewomendemonstratedviolentlyfortheirpurpose.

C、Avarietyofjobswersoneofthepurposesforthewomen'sdemonstration.

D、1hewomenlivedinasocietywithoutviolence.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：選項C來自于第二段的第一句最后，文章提到這些女性來到這里游

行示威有三個目的，選項C就是第二個目的“adifferenttypeofjob”的同義改寫，選

項A和第一句中“ajobforeacho「us”的意思相反，女性的工作機(jī)會是不足的。選項

B對應(yīng)第二段第一句，可以看出這些女性是通過搖旗、吶喊等和平方式游行示威

的，而不是暴力的方式。選項D和第一句句末的內(nèi)容相反，女性來游行示威的一

個目的就是希望這個社會沒有暴力，因此可以知道她們是受到了暴力對待的。

3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstsentenceofParagraph3?

A、TherearemorementhanwomeninItaly.

B、Menrepresentonly35percentofItaly'stotalworkforce.

C>Two-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymeninItaly.

D、WomeninItalydonotwanttowork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：選項C對應(yīng)這一句話中的33%這個數(shù)據(jù)，女性只占到有工作的人數(shù)

的33%,也就是三分之一，那么“三分之二的工作就被男性所擁有的選項A和

這一句中的52%這個數(shù)字不符，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，女性占到總?cè)藬?shù)的52%,意思是

女性比男件人數(shù)多.選為R偷換概念，文章中35%這個數(shù)字說明的對象是女性.

而不是男性。選項D無中生有。

4、Whatcanwelearnabouttheemploymentsituationforwomennowaccordingto

Paragraph3?

ANMostofthewomenarcemployedinservice.

B>Moreandmorewomenaremakingself-employment.

C^Manyprejudicesforfemaleemploymenthavedisappeared.

D^Banksandotherfinancialinstituteshaveemployedmanywomen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：選項C對應(yīng)第三段最后一句話的前半部分。選項A對應(yīng)第三段第三

句話，但是原文說的是女性在服務(wù)行業(yè)的雇傭人數(shù)在擴(kuò)大，并沒有說多數(shù)的女性都

被雇傭于服務(wù)行業(yè)。選頊B是將第三段的第四句和第五句拼湊起來的無中生有的

選項，也就是說文章并沒有提到越來越多的女性開始自主經(jīng)營了。選項D對應(yīng)第

三段的最后一句的后半部分，文章提到銀行和金融機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在不關(guān)注性別問題，只從

商業(yè)的角度考慮問題。因此選項D屬偷換概念。

5、Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A、Someprogressinfemaleemploymenthasbeenmade.

B、Thepresentsituationisfarmoresatisfying.

C、Therearestillnotenoughjobopportunitiesforwomen.

D、Moreprogressofiemaleemploymentisstilldemanded.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：最后一段話只有兩句，大意是說雖然有進(jìn)步，但是情況仍然不理想。

因此我們還需要為了女性能夠獲得平等的工作機(jī)會而努力。選項B偷換文章概

念，對應(yīng)最后一段的第一句前半部分，文章說的是現(xiàn)在的情況離滿意很遠(yuǎn)，也就是

說現(xiàn)在的情況是不能令人滿意的，因此選項B與文章意思相反。剩下的選項A、

C、D其實都是文章內(nèi)容的同義替換。

Awisemanoncesaidthat【heonlythingnecessaryforlheiriumDhofevilisforgood

mentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogood

people.DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.

Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithas

happenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhat

itis:accountability.Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonis

responsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvalues

thatholdcivilizationtogether-honesty,kindness,andsoon-accountabilitymaybethe

mostimportantofall.Wiihoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,

ultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeople

whorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypoliceman

knows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraints

suchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smaller

towns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandards

thatproclaim:"Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!"

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsare

loosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;he

takeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouannoyhim.Themaincauseofthis

breakdownisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,

societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhois

consideredvictimized;byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteach

himtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparents

whodidn'tprovideastablehome.Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvaniaged

circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,even

partly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneaccepts

responsibilityforanything.

6、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"theonlythingnecessary...donothing"?

A、Goodmenshoulddosomethingtostopthetriumphofevil.

B、Goodmenwoulddonothingbysomethingevil.

C、Awisemansaidsomethingwrong.

D、Itisnecessaryfortheeviltobesuccessful.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A'

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章，這句話的表面意思是：邪惡勝利的唯一必要條件是善良之

人無所作為，換句話說，意思是，如果好人什么都不做，那么邪惡的事情就會勝

利。因此，作者這樣寫的目的就是要呼吁好人要反擊邪惡的事情。因此選項A正

確，其他的選項都曲解了文意。

7、Accordingtothepoliceman,internalconstraintis.

A、morepowerfultodominatepeople'saction

B、lesseffectivethanexternalcontrols

C^tohelppeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned

D^onlyincludingguilt,shameandembarrassment

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：選項A對應(yīng)第五段最后一句話，這句話中說到，對于人們行為的約

束來說，外部控制沒有內(nèi)部控制有效，所以A是同義替換。選項B剛好和原文相

反。選項C對應(yīng)這一段的第一句，但是這一句話和題目的問題沒有關(guān)系，也就是

說它所問非所答，或者無中生有。選項D對應(yīng)這一段的最后一句，但是根據(jù)文

意，guilt,shameandembarrassment僅僅是文章用天舉例說明internalrestraints

的，因此D選項的“only”過于絕對，縮小了文章內(nèi)容的范圍。

8、Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonforthecriminalbeingconsidered

victimized?

Heisilliteratebecauseoftheschool.

B、Thechurchgiveshimnomoralguidance.

C^Theirparentsdon'tlovethem.

D^Hegrowsinaninferiorupbringingenvironment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點。析：根據(jù)題干，定位到第八段第三句，這一句話的冒號往后對應(yīng)的就是題

目問的4個原因。選項C對應(yīng)最后一個原因，但是文章中并沒有說父母不愛他

們，而是說父母沒有給他們提供一個穩(wěn)定的家庭環(huán)境，故C曲解了文意。選項A

對應(yīng)第二個原因,文中的"didn'tteachhimtoread”對應(yīng)選項A中的“illiterate”,意思

是“不識字的選項B對應(yīng)的是第三個原因，很清楚的同義改寫。選項D對應(yīng)的

是第一個原因，文中的“underprivileged”對應(yīng)選項D中的“inferior”。

9、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthecommentsonrobbers?

A、Indifferent.

B、Puzzled.

C>Biased.

D^Disapproval.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)題目定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句。最后一段的第一句很清楚表明作

者的態(tài)度是不相信，因此選項D是正確的，其他三個選項是無中生有的。

10、Thebesttitleforthetextis.

A^Responsibility-BeVitalImportancetoOurSociety

ATidalWaveofCrimeSweepingtheCity

C、NoRespect,NoTrust,NoLawandEvenNoSociety

D、APoliceOfficer'sDailyWork

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章從多個角度論述了責(zé)任(responsibilily或者accounlabilily)對于整

個社會的重要性，這一點我們可以從各個自然段反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的accountability以及其

同義詞看出來。因此，選項A是正確答案。選項B根據(jù)第二段第一句設(shè)置，但是

文章并沒有說一大波犯罪將會席卷我們的城市，屬于無中生有。選項C是第四段

最后一句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，無法代表全文主旨。選項D無中生有，雖然policeofficer

這個說法在文章中出現(xiàn)過，但是全文并不是在講警察的日常工作。

Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15years

ago.Atfirst,peoplewereworriedaboutsecurity.Buthavingmadeasuccessfulpurchase

from,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelsewhere.Similarly,usingAirbnboracar-hire

serviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeopletotryotherofferings.Next,considereBay.

Havingstartedoutasapeer-to-peermarketplace,itisnowdominatedbyprofessional

"powersellers"(manyofwhomstartedoutasordinaryeBayusers).Thesamemay

happenwiththesharingeconomy,whichalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforenterprise.

Somepeoplehaveboughtcarssolelytorentthemout,forexample.Incumbentsare

gettinginvolvedtoo.Avis,acar-hirefirm,hasashareinasharingrival.SodoGMand

Daimler,twocar-makers.Infuture,companiesmaydevelophybridmodels,listingexcess

capacity(whethervehicles,equipmentorofficespace)onpeer-to-peerrentalsites.Inthe

past,newwaysofdoingtilingsonlinehavenotdisplacedtheoldwaysentirely.Butthey

haveoftenchangedthem.JustasInternetshoppingforcedWalmartandTescotoadapt,

soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.Themain

worryisregulatoryuncenainty.Willroom-rentersbesubjecttohoteltaxes,forexample?

InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrackdownunlicensedhotels.Insome

Americancities,peer-to-peertaxiserviceshavebeenbannedafterlobbyingbytraditional

taxifirms.Thedangeristhatalthoughsomerulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotect

consumersfromharm,incumbentswilltrytodestroycompetition.Peoplewhorentout

roomsshouldpaytax,ofcourse,buttheyshouldnotberegulatedlikeaRitz-Carlton

hotel.Thelighterrulesthattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.

ThesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheInternet'svaluetoconsumers.This

emergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptiveenoughforregulatorsandcompaniestohave

wokenuptoit.Thatisasignofitsimmensepotential.Itistimetostartcaringabout

sharing.

11、AccordingtoParagraph1,whichisNOTtrue?

A、ThefirstonlinepurchasewasmadebyAmazon.

Somepeoplebuycarsinordertorentthemout.

C>Whenonlineshoppingappeared,peoplewereworriedaboutitssafety.

D^Sharingeconomymayprovidenoopportunitiesforindividuals.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：選項A對應(yīng)原文第一段第三句：Buthavingmadeasuccessfulpurchase

from,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelsewhere.可見第一次網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易是由亞

馬遜完成的。該項表述是正確的。選項B對應(yīng)最后一句：Somepeoplehavebought

carssolelytorentthemout,forexample.該表達(dá)正確。即不是答案。選項C對應(yīng)原

文開頭兩句：Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedin

America15yearsago.Atfirst?peoplewereworriedaboutsecurity.可見該項表述也

是正確的，即非答案。選項D對應(yīng)原文倒數(shù)第二句：Thesamemayhappenwiththe

sharingeconomy,whichalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforenterprise.可見原文說共

享經(jīng)濟(jì)為企業(yè)提供機(jī)會，但并沒說不為個人提供機(jī)會，故選項D為答案。

12、WalmartandTescoarementionedto.

A^demonstratethepowerofInternet

B、showthepotentialofonlinesharing

C、revealtheiniluenceofonlineshopping

D、provethedominanceofcertaincompanies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干中的“WalmartandTesco”定位到第二段最后一句：Justas

InternetshoppingforcedWalmartandTescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeup

transport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.文章提到Walmart和Tesco是為了說

明下半句：網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享會重組交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、旅游業(yè)、設(shè)備租賃業(yè)等行業(yè)。該句突出一

個詞“onlinesharing"，而四個選項中只有選項B含有這個詞，故本題選項B,show

thepotentialofonlinesharing（顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享的潛力）為答案。

13、Onepotentialproblemwiththesharingeconomyis.

A、difficultyinsupervision

disruptionoftheeconomy

C、instabilityofthemarket

D、uncertaintyoffirms

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干“onepotentialproblemwiththesharingeconomy（共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的

一個潛在問題）“定位到第三段首句：Themainworryisregulatoryuncertainty.其

中，“potentialproblem”對應(yīng)“mainworry”,故答案原文為"regulatoryuncertainty（管

理的不確定性四個選項分別為:A項difficultyVsupervision（監(jiān)管困難）;B項

disruptionofeconomy（擾亂經(jīng)濟(jì)）：C項instabilityofmarket（市場的不穩(wěn)定性）；D項

uncertaintyoffirms（企業(yè)的不確定性）。這四個選項中,與regulatoryuncertainty接近

的選項是A,故該項為答案。

14>Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

A、sharingeconomywillnotgolong

B、sharingeconomyrevealsconsumers'value

C、regulatorsandcompaniesshouldrealizesharingeconomy

D、sharingeconomywilreplacetraditionalwaysinthenearfuture

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：選項A屬于無中生有，錯誤。選項B對應(yīng)該段第一句：Thesharing

economyisthelatestexampleoftheInternet'svaluetoconsumers.可見共享經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)

出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對于客戶的價值，而非體現(xiàn)顧客價值，故該項錯誤。選項C對應(yīng)該段第

:句：Thisemergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptiveenoughforregulatorsand

companiestohavewokenuptoit.其中“havewokenupto,,=*trealize,\"it”指代"the

sharingeconomy,\故該項正確。選項D屬于無中生有。綜上所述，本題答案為選

項C。

15、Ihebesttitletorthetextmaybe.

A、SharingEconomyandOnlineShopping

TheImmensePotentialofSharingEconomy

C、TheEmergencyofSharingEconomyandItsConcerns

D、SharingEconomyWillReshapeTraditionalIndustriesSoon

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：主旨題可以通過各段首句提取。第一段首句：Thesharingeconomyis

alittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15yearsago.第二段首句：

Incumbentsaregettinginvolvedtoo.第三段首句：Themainworryisregulatory

uncertainty.第四段首句：ThesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheInternet's

valuetoconsumers.分析：文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)和討論的關(guān)鍵信息是thesharing

economy（共享經(jīng)濟(jì)），而提到onlineshopping僅僅是為了作比較，故我們可以先排

除選項A。選項D原文有提到，但是沒有提到soon一詞，且這個詞過于絕對，該

項可以排除。選項B在原文也有體現(xiàn)，但是不夠全面，因為第三段首句的“mam

worry”告訴我們該段主要討論共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要問題，故選項C表述比較全面，即為

答案。

"IfCongresswon'tactsoontoprotectfuturegenerations,Iwill,1'BarackObamasaidlast

monthinhisslate-of-the-unionspeech."Iwilldirectmycabinettocomeupwith

executiveactionswecantake,nowandinthefuture,toreducepollution,prepareour

communitiesfortheconsequencesofclimatechange,andspeedthetransitiontomore

sustainablesourcesofenergy.'1ThisweekMr.Obamanamedtheofficialschargedwith

fulfillingthatdirective:GinaMcCarthy,hischoicetoheadtheEnvironmentalProtection

Agency,andErnestMoniz,theprospectivenewsecretaryofenergy.Theirselection

suggeststhatMr.Obamaisindeedseriousabouttacklingclimatechange,butnot

doctrinaireinhisapproach.MsMeCarthyalreadyworksattheEPA,wheresheisin

chargeofairquality.Thathasgivenheraleadingroledraftingtheadministration'smost

ambitiousandcontroversialenvironmentalrules,includinglimitsonemissionsof

greenhousegasesfornewpowerplantsandstrictfuel-efficiencyrequirementsforcars.

SheisthenaturalcandidatetooverseethemostobviousandconsequentialstepMr.

Obamacouldtaketostemglobalwarming:aregulationcurbingemissionsfromexisting

powerplants.Republicansdonotfancythatideaatall,andhaveintroducedbillsin

CongresstostriptheEPAofitsregulatoryauthorityovergreenhousegases.Theyoften

accusedLisaJackson,theagency'spreviousboss,ofdisregardingthecumulativeimpact

ofitsmanyclean-airrules,andsuffocatingindustryasaresult.YetMsMcCarthymakes

anunlikelytarget.ShehasworkedforRepublicangovernorsinMassachusettsand

Connecticut.Industrygroupsmusteredkindwordsabouthernomination.AsMr.Obama

putit,"She'searnedareputationasastraight-shooter."

16^BarackObamawilltakestepstodoallEXCEPT.

A、reducingpollutionnewandinthefuture

B、findingmoresustainablesourcesofenergy

C^preparingfortheconsequencesofclimatechange

D、investingmorefundsinpublichealthcaresystem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：答案出現(xiàn)在首段第二句：Iwilldirectmycabinettocomeupwiih

executiveactionswecanlake,nowandinthefuture,toreducepollution,prepareour

communitiesfortheconsequencesofclimatechange,andspeedthetransitiontomore

sustainablesourcesofenergy.其中只有選項D未提及，故選項D為答案。

17^Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanconcludethat.

A、Obamawilltreatenvironmentalprotectionseriously

B、Obamawilllimittheuseofcarstoreduceairpollution

C、Americawillsoonfindsustainablesourcesfortheirdescendants

D、Americafacesamoreseriousenvironmentalproblemcomparedwithothernations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：選項A對應(yīng)第一段最后一句：TheirselectionsuggeststhatMr.Obama

isindeedseriousabouttacklingclimatechange,butnotdoctrinaireinhisapproach.可

見該項表達(dá)正確。選項B屬于無中生有。選項C中的“willsoon”過于絕對。原文說

的是：...andspeedthetransitiontomoresustainablesourcesofenergy.意為“加速向更

可持續(xù)的能源過渡“，而沒有說很快找到可持續(xù)的資源。故該項錯誤。文章沒有涉

及與“othernations”的對比，故選項D也是