2025年高中二年級英語下學(xué)期閱讀理解試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______閱讀理解一、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddiscussionaboutitsimpactonvariousaspectsofsociety,includingthejobmarket.WhilesomeviewAIasarevolutionaryforcethatwillcreatenewopportunities,othersworryitwillleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.Understandingboththepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksiscrucialaswenavigatethistechnologicalshift.ProponentsofAIarguethatitwillautomatemundaneanddangeroustasks,freeinghumanstofocusonmorecreativeandcomplexwork.TheypointoutthatAIcanalsoenhanceproductivityandefficiencyinnumerousindustries,frommanufacturingtohealthcare.Moreover,AIisexpectedtogeneratenewjobcategories,particularlyinfieldsrelatedtoitsdevelopment,maintenance,andoversight.Forinstance,roleslikeAItrainers,datascientists,andethicsofficersarebecomingincreasinglyimportant.However,criticsraisevalidconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequences.OnemajorworryisthatAIcouldreplacehumanworkersinsectorssuchascustomerservice,dataentry,andevensomeareasofprofessionalserviceslikelegaladviceorfinancialanalysis.Thiscouldleadtowidespreadunemploymentandeconomicinequalityifappropriatemeasuresarenottaken.Additionally,therelianceonAImighterodecertainhumanskillsandsocialinteractions,aspeoplebecomemoredependentonmachinesfordecision-makingandcommunication.AnotherissueistheethicaldimensionofAIdevelopment.Questionsaboutdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialmisuseofAItechnologydemandcarefulconsideration.EnsuringthatAIsystemsaredesignedandimplementedresponsiblyisessentialtomitigatetheserisks.Governments,businesses,andeducationalinstitutionsallhavearoletoplayinshapingpoliciesandpreparingtheworkforceforthefuture.Ultimately,thefutureofworkintheageofAIwilldependonhowsocietyadapts.Investingineducationandretrainingprograms,fosteringacultureofcontinuouslearning,anddevelopingrobustsocialsafetynetsarecriticalsteps.BystrikingabalancebetweenleveragingAI'sbenefitsandaddressingitschallenges,wecanhopetocreateafuturewheretechnologyserveshumanitywithoutcausingundueharm.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(A)ThepotentialjobdisplacementcausedbyAIisinevitable.(B)AItechnologywillprimarilyautomatetaskscurrentlyperformedbyhumans.(C)TheriseofAIpresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengesforthejobmarket.(D)CriticsbelieveAIwillhavenopositiveimpactontheeconomy.2.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whichofthefollowingisNOTapotentialbenefitofAImentionedinthepassage?(A)Itcanimproveproductivityinvariousindustries.(B)Itwilleliminatetheneedforhumanworkersentirely.(C)Itcanhandlerepetitiveandhazardousjobs.(D)Itisexpectedtocreatenewjobcategories.3.WhatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsaboutAI'simpactonthejobmarket?(A)AIwillreducethedemandforeducationalservices.(B)AIcouldleadtounemploymentandincreasedeconomicinequality.(C)AIwillmakehumaninteractionintheworkplaceobsolete.(D)AIdevelopmentwillbetooexpensiveforbusinesses.4.Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)ignore(B)understand(C)reduce(D)develop5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisessentialforadaptingtothefutureofworkwithAI?(A)RelyingheavilyonAIforalldecision-makingprocesses.(B)IgnoringtheethicalconcernssurroundingAItechnology.(C)Investingineducation,retraining,andsocialsafetynets.(D)EncouragingbusinessestoavoidimplementingAIsolutions.二、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Sustainablearchitecture,alsoknownasgreenbuilding,focusesonminimizingtheenvironmentalimpactofbuildingsthroughouttheirlifecycle.Thisapproachintegratesvariousstrategiesandtechnologiestoreduceenergyconsumption,conservewater,reducewaste,andenhanceindoorenvironmentalquality.Thegoalistocreatestructuresthatarenotonlyaestheticallypleasingbutalsoenvironmentallyresponsibleandresource-efficient.Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainablearchitectureistheuseofrenewableenergysources.Solarpanels,windturbines,andgeothermalsystemscanbeincorporatedintobuildingdesignstoprovidecleanandsustainableenergy.Additionally,energy-efficientmaterialsanddesigns,suchasproperinsulation,energy-efficientwindows,andpassivesolarheating,helpreducethebuilding'soverallenergydemand.Byminimizingrelianceonnon-renewableenergysources,sustainablebuildingssignificantlylowertheircarbonfootprint.Waterconservationisanothercriticalaspectofsustainablearchitecture.Techniqueslikerainwaterharvesting,greywaterrecycling,andtheuseofwater-efficientfixturesandlandscapinghelpreducewaterconsumption.Forexample,collectingrainwaterforirrigationorusingdrought-resistantplantscansignificantlylowertheamountofwaterneededforlandscaping.Furthermore,efficientplumbingsystemsandlow-flowfixturesminimizewaterwastewithinthebuilding.Wastereductionandmanagementarealsoessentialcomponents.Sustainablebuildingsoftenincorporaterecycledandsustainablematerialsduringconstruction,reducingthedemandfornewresources.Designingfordeconstructionandmodularcomponentsallowsbuildingstobedisassembledandmaterialsreusedattheendoftheirlifespan.Implementingwastesortingandrecyclingprogramswithinthebuildingalsohelpsminimizewastesenttolandfills.Thefocusonindoorenvironmentalqualityisequallyimportant.Sustainablearchitecturepromotestheuseofnon-toxic,naturalmaterialsthatimproveairqualityandcreateahealthierlivingorworkingenvironment.Maximizingnaturallightthroughstrategicwindowplacementandventilationsystemsenhancescomfortandwell-beingwhilereducingtheneedforartificiallighting.Thesefeaturescontributetoamorepleasantandproductiveindoorexperience.Inconclusion,sustainablearchitecturerepresentsaholisticapproachtobuildingdesignthatconsiderstheenvironmental,social,andeconomicimpactsofconstruction.Byincorporatingrenewableenergy,waterconservation,wastereduction,andindoorenvironmentalqualityenhancements,sustainablebuildingsofferamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandresponsiblealternativetotraditionalconstructionmethods.Asawarenessofenvironmentalissuesgrows,sustainablearchitectureisbecomingincreasinglyimportantincreatingamoresustainablefuture.6.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?(A)Toargueagainsttheuseofsustainablematerialsinconstruction.(B)Todescribethevarioustechniquesusedinsustainablearchitecture.(C)Toexplainwhysustainablearchitectureismoreexpensivethantraditionalbuildingmethods.(D)Topromotetheaestheticappealofsustainablebuildings.7.Accordingtothepassage,howcanrenewableenergybeincorporatedintosustainablebuildings?(A)Byusingfossilfuelsmoreefficiently.(B)Throughtheinstallationofsolarpanels,windturbines,andgeothermalsystems.(C)Byreducingthesizeofthebuildingtodecreaseenergyneeds.(D)Byrelyingonnaturalgasforheating.8.Theword"incorporated"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)connected(B)removed(C)ignored(D)designed9.Whatisabenefitofusingrainwaterharvestingmentionedinthepassage?(A)Itreducestheneedforelectricityinthebuilding.(B)Itprovidesasourceofwaterforirrigation.(C)Itdecreasesthebuilding'sinsurancecosts.(D)Itlowersthecostofconstructionmaterials.10.Thephrase"holisticapproach"inthelastparagraphisbestunderstoodas:(A)anarrowandspecificmethod(B)acomprehensiveandintegratedway(C)anoutdatedandobsoletetechnique(D)ahigh-techandexpensivesolution三、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Theconceptofa"growthmindset,"introducedbypsychologistCarolDweck,hasgainedsignificantattentioninrecentyearsforitsimpactonpersonaldevelopmentandlearning.Unlikeafixedmindset,whichholdsthatabilitiesandintelligencearestatictraits,agrowthmindsetsuggeststhatskillsandintelligencecanbedevelopedthroughdedication,effort,andlearningfrommistakes.Thisperspectiveencouragesindividualstoembracechallenges,persistinthefaceofsetbacks,andseeeffortasthepathtomastery.Individualswithagrowthmindsettendtoapproachchallengeswithapositiveattitude.Theyviewdifficultiesnotassignsofinadequacybutasopportunitiestolearnandgrow.Forexample,insteadofgivingupwhenfacedwithadifficultproblem,someonewithagrowthmindsetwilltrydifferentstrategies,seekhelpifneeded,andviewtheexperienceasvaluablefeedbackforfutureimprovement.Thisresilienceiscrucialfornavigatingtheupsanddownsoflifeandlearning.Furthermore,peoplewithagrowthmindsetunderstandthateffortisessentialforsuccess.Theybelievethatputtinginhardworkandpracticingskillscanleadtosignificantimprovementsovertime.Thisbeliefmotivatesthemtoengageinmeaningfullearningactivitiesandtopersevereevenwhenprogressseemsslow.Incontrast,thosewithafixedmindsetmayavoidchallengesthatrequireeffort,believingthattheyeitherhavetheabilityortheydon't.Thiscanlimittheirpotentialforgrowthanddevelopment.Learningfromcriticismandfeedbackisanotherhallmarkofagrowthmindset.Individualswiththisperspectiveseefeedback,whetherpositiveornegative,asvaluableinformationthatcanhelpthemimprove.Theyareopentoconstructivecriticismanduseittoidentifyareaswheretheycanenhancetheirskills.Ontheotherhand,peoplewithafixedmindsetmayfeelthreatenedbycriticismandviewitasapersonalattack,leadingthemtodefensiveordismissiveresponses.Developingagrowthmindsetisnotalwayseasy,butitisachievableforanyonewillingtomaketheeffort.Itinvolvesconsciouslychallengingfixedmindsetbeliefsandreplacingthemwithmoreflexibleandempoweringthoughts.Practicessuchassettingchallenginggoals,celebratingsmallvictories,seekingfeedback,andreflectingonthelearningprocesscanallhelpcultivateagrowthmindset.Thebenefitsaresubstantial,asagrowthmindsetcanleadtoincreasedmotivation,betterperformance,andgreateroverallwell-being.Inessence,adoptingagrowthmindsetcantransformthewayindividualsapproachlearning,work,andlife.Bybelievingintheirpotentialforgrowthandembracingchallenges,peoplecanunlocktheirfullpotentialandachieveremarkablethings.Thismindsetisapowerfultoolforpersonaldevelopmentandcancontributetosuccessandfulfillmentinvariousaspectsoflife.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Afixedmindsetismorebeneficialthanagrowthmindsetinachievingsuccess.(B)Developingagrowthmindsetcanleadtosignificantimprovementsinpersonaldevelopmentandlearning.(C)PsychologistCarolDweckisknownforherworkonpersonalitytraits.(D)Effortandlearningfrommistakesareunnecessaryforachievingintelligence.12.Howdoindividualswithagrowthmindsetviewchallenges?(A)Asthreatstotheirself-esteem.(B)Asopportunitiestolearnandimprove.(C)Assignsthattheylackthenecessaryskills.(D)Asunnecessaryobstaclestoavoid.13.Theword"persevere"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)giveup(B)continuewithdetermination(C)givein(D)ignore14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutfeedbackforsomeonewithagrowthmindset?(A)Itshouldbeignoredbecauseitmaybenegative.(B)Itcanbeseenasvaluableinformationforimprovement.(C)Itisonlyusefulwhenitcomesfromexperts.(D)Itshouldbeavoidedtopreventfeelingthreatened.15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTapracticementionedtohelpdevelopagrowthmindset?(A)Settingchallenginggoals.(B)Ignoringsmallfailures.(C)Celebratingsmallvictories.(D)Seekingfeedback.四、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Inrecentdecades,theglobalphenomenonofurbanizationhasacceleratedrapidly,leadingtotheexpansionofcitiesandtheconcentrationoflargepopulationsinurbanareas.Thisshifthasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallenges,transformingthewaypeoplelive,work,andinteract.Understandingthecauses,consequences,andpotentialsolutionsrelatedtourbanizationiscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.Severalfactorshavecontributedtotherapidpaceofurbanization.Economicopportunities,suchasbetterjobsandhigherwages,oftendrawpeoplefromruralareastocitiesinsearchofabetterstandardofliving.Accesstobettereducation,healthcare,andotherservicesisalsoasignificantpullfactor.Additionally,improvedtransportationnetworksandcommunicationtechnologieshavemadeiteasierforpeopletomoveandsettleinurbancenters.Thesefactorscombinedcreateapowerfulincentiveformigrationfromruraltourbanareas.Theconsequencesofurbanizationaremultifaceted.Onthepositiveside,citiesareoftencentersofinnovation,culture,andeconomicgrowth.Theyprovidediverseemploymentopportunities,fostersocialinteraction,andofferaccesstoawiderangeofamenities.Urbanareascanalsobemoreefficientintermsofresourceuseandinfrastructuredevelopmentcomparedtoruralareas.However,rapidurbanizationalsopresentssignificantchallenges.Onemajorissueisthestrainoninfrastructure,includinghousing,transportation,watersupply,andsanitation.Thiscanleadtoproblemssuchastrafficcongestion,inadequatehousing,andpollution.Environmentalconcernsareanothercriticalaspectofurbanization.Theconcentrationofpeopleandactivitiesinurbanareascanleadtoincreasedpollution,bothairandnoisepollution,aswellashigherlevelsofgreenhousegasemissions.Urbansprawl,theexpansionofcitiesintosurroundingruralareas,canresultinthelossofagriculturallandandnaturalhabitats.Furthermore,citiescancreateheatislands,wheretemperaturesaresignificantlyhigherthaninsurroundingruralareasduetothedensityofbuildingsandlackofvegetation.Managingtheseenvironmentalimpactsisessentialforsustainableurbangrowth.Socialchallengesassociatedwithurbanizationincludeissuesrelatedtoinequalityandsocialcohesion.Whilecitiesofferopportunities,theycanalsoexacerbatesocialdisparities,withwealthandresourcesoftenconcentratedincertainareas.Thiscanleadtosegregationandsocialtensions.Providingaccesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andothersocialservicesforallurbanresidentsisasignificantchallenge.Additionally,ensuringsafeandinclusivepublicspacesiscrucialforfosteringasenseofcommunityandsocialwell-being.Addressingthechallengesofurbanizationrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Effectiveurbanplanningisessentialtomanagethegrowthofcities,ensuretheefficientuseofresources,andprovideadequateinfrastructureandservices.Investinginsustainabletransportationsystems,greenspaces,andrenewableenergysourcescanhelpmitigateenvironmentalimpacts.Furthermore,policiesthatpromotesocialinclusion,reduceinequality,andimproveaccesstoeducationandhealthcarearevitalforcreatingequitableandsustainablecities.Collaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,andcivilsocietyisnecessarytoimplementthesesolutionseffectively.Inconclusion,urbanizationisacomplexanddynamicprocesswithfar-reachingimplications.Whileitoffersnumerousopportunitiesforeconomicandsocialdevelopment,italsopresentssignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Byadoptingsustainableurbanplanningandpolicies,societiescanharnessthebenefitsofurbanizationwhilemitigatingitsnegativeimpacts,leadingtomorelivable,equitable,andenvironmentallyfriendlycitiesforthefuture.16.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?(A)Topromotetherapidgrowthofcitiesasthebestsolutionforeconomicdevelopment.(B)Todescribethevariouscausesandconsequencesofurbanization.(C)Toarguethaturbanizationissolelyresponsibleforenvironmentaldegradation.(D)Toprovidealistofjobopportunitiesavailableinurbanareas.17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomefactorsthatcontributetourbanization?(A)Governmentpoliciesthatforcepeopletomovetocities.(B)Economicopportunities,accesstoservices,andimprovedtransportation.(C)Thedeclineofruralindustriesandtheclosureofagriculturalfarms.(D)Highercrimeratesandfewersocialservicesinruralareas.18.Theword"multifaceted"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)simple(B)single(C)variedandcomplex(D)rareandunique19.Whatisaconsequenceofurbanizationmentionedinthepassagethatcanhaveapositiveenvironmentalimpact?(A)Increasedpollutionandhighergreenhousegasemissions.(B)Thelossofnaturalhabitatsduetourbansprawl.(C)Theefficientuseofresourcesandinfrastructuredevelopment.(D)Thecreationofheatislandsinurbanareas.20.Thephrase"socialcohesion"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:(A)thelackofcommunityinteractioninurbanareas(B)thepresenceofsocialinequalitiesandtensions(C)theefforttomanageurbangrowthandinfrastructure(D)thecollaborationbetweengovernmentsandbusinesses---試卷答案1.C解析思路：文章首段提出AI對就業(yè)市場的影響存在爭議，第二段闡述支持者觀點(diǎn)（創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)），第三段闡述批評者觀點(diǎn)（導(dǎo)致失業(yè)），第四段談倫理問題，最后一段總結(jié)需要適應(yīng)和平衡。C選項(xiàng)“AI的興起為就業(yè)市場帶來了機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)”準(zhǔn)確概括了全文主旨。2.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，支持者認(rèn)為AI能自動(dòng)化任務(wù)、提高效率、創(chuàng)造新崗位（選項(xiàng)A、C、D都是提及的益處）。選項(xiàng)B“AI將完全消除人類工作的需要”與文章內(nèi)容不符，原文說的是創(chuàng)造新崗位，而非完全取代。3.B解析思路：根據(jù)第三段，批評者擔(dān)心AI自動(dòng)化會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和加劇經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等（選項(xiàng)B）。選項(xiàng)A未提及，選項(xiàng)C是過度推理，選項(xiàng)D是關(guān)于AI成本的擔(dān)憂，而非主要就業(yè)擔(dān)憂。4.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“mi