Unit2WorkingthelandSectionⅢ—UsingLanguage，SummingUp&LearningTip一、將單詞與相對(duì)應(yīng)的釋義搭配起來(lái)AB1．production a．tomakesomethingsmallerorlessinsize，amountorprice2．discovery b．a(chǎn)nopinionthatyouexpressaboutsomeoneorsomething3．reduce c．thepartofaplantthatgrowsundertheground4．pest d．a(chǎn)factorthingthatsomeonefindsorlearnsaboutforthefirsttime5．root e．a(chǎn)smallanimalorinsectthatdestroyscropsorfoodsupplies6．comment f．theprocessofmakingorgrowingthings二、翻譯下列短語(yǔ)1．逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā)____________2．overthepasthalfcentury____________3．導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)____________4．washoff____________5．使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)____________6．turnto____________7．集中(注意力、精力等)于____________8．everyfewyears____________9．阻止……做某事____________三、如果你想用英語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)服或勸說(shuō)別人，該用哪些英語(yǔ)句型呢1．________________________________________________________________________2．________________________________________________________________________3．________________________________________________________________________4．________________________________________________________________________5．________________________________________________________________________...四、用方框內(nèi)的句子完成對(duì)話eq\x(\a\al(A.Youneedcarrotsandtheymakeyouseeinthedark.,B.Lookatallthecarrots！,C.Canyouseeinthedark，Mom？,D.Idon'twantit.,E.Ican'tseeinthedark.))A：Comeon，darling.Eatup.It'sgettinglate.B：__1__A：Whynot？Carrotsaregoodforyou.B：Idon'tlikethingsthataregoodforme.A：Sillyboy.__2__B：No，theydon't.__3__A：Youwillifyoueatmorecarrots.B：__4__A：OfcourseIcan.Whatareyoudoing?B：Turningoffthelightthere.__5__Well，canyouseethem?答案：一、1.f2.d3.a4.e5.c6.b二、1.buildup2.在過(guò)去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里3.leadto4.清洗掉5.keep...freefrom/of6.轉(zhuǎn)向7.focuson8.每隔幾年9.prevent...fromdoingsth三、略四、1.D2.A3.E4.C5.B1．Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlongtermuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損，甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是，會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。剖析：1)本句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：have/has＋been＋doing。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonths.兩個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在建橋。AlltheChinesehavebeenworkinghardtomakeourcountryricherandstronger.所有中國(guó)人一直都在努力工作，以使我們的國(guó)家更加富強(qiáng)。2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在含義上著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，不強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)性；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)和動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Hehasfinishedhisworkandnowishavingarest.他已經(jīng)完成了工作，現(xiàn)在正在休息。Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompanysincethreeyearsago.自從三年前以來(lái)，我一直在這家公司工作?？键c(diǎn)：however副詞，意思是“然而”，常作插入語(yǔ)，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：It'sraininghard.However，Ithinkweshouldgotoschoolontime.雨下得很大，但我認(rèn)為該按時(shí)上學(xué)。Onarrivinghome，however，hefoundhiswifelyingontheground.然而，他一到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)妻子躺在地上。Thestudentsthoughttheyhaddoneeverythingastheteacherdid.Theyweremistaken，however.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為他們按老師做的那樣做了每件事，然而他們錯(cuò)了。單項(xiàng)填空1)Tom______inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A．works B．workedC．hasbeenworking D．hadbeenworking2)Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A．haveproduced B．havebeenproducedC．a(chǎn)reproducing D．a(chǎn)rebeingproduced3)MrBlacksaiditwasso，______hewasmistaken.A．therefore B．otherwise C．besides D．however2．Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。考點(diǎn)：buildup逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā)Manyalargeandbigbusinesshasbeenbuiltupfromsmallones.很多大企業(yè)都是從小規(guī)模發(fā)展起來(lái)的。Ourcountryhasbuiltupherfinereputationintheworld.我們的國(guó)家在世界上已逐步贏得好的聲譽(yù)。Hehasbuiltupagoodbusinessovertheyears.幾年來(lái)他生意做得很興旺。1)buildup還可意為“積累，積聚”“變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)，(車(chē)輛)擁擠起來(lái)”。如：Thecloudsarebuildingup.云越聚越多。WhentheSpringFestivaliscoming，trafficbuildsupalongtheroads.當(dāng)春節(jié)到來(lái)時(shí)，路上的車(chē)輛越來(lái)越多。2)buildup可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：TheareahasbeenbuiltupsinceIbegantolivehere.自從我住在這兒以來(lái)，這個(gè)地區(qū)已經(jīng)蓋滿了房子。歸納：bebuiltup在句中表示“____________”。3)派生詞：buildingn.樓房；建筑物單項(xiàng)填空1)I'mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyisgradually______.A．buildingup B．turningup C．comingup D．wakingup2)PractisingChinesekungfucannotonly______one'sstrength，butalsodevelopone'scharacter.A．bringup B．takeup C．buildup D．pullup完成句子3)好的食物可以增強(qiáng)我們的體質(zhì)。Goodfoodcan______us______.4)為了建設(shè)我們的城市，我們應(yīng)該盡最大的努力工作。__________________ourcity，weshoulddoourbesttowork.3．Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病?？键c(diǎn)：leadto導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)Whatonearthhasledtotheroad'sbeingcrowded?到底是什么導(dǎo)致了這條公路擁擠？Hiscarelessnessledtotheseriousconsequence.他的粗心造成了這個(gè)嚴(yán)重的后果。1)leadto除了“導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)”的含義外，還有其他含義。如：TheroadnearmyhouseleadstoBeijing.我家附近的那條路通向北京。歸納：leadto在該句的含義是：______2)同義詞：resultin；cause3)lead重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納：leadbythenose牽著鼻子走leadin開(kāi)始；導(dǎo)入leadtheway帶路；帶頭leadsbtodosth引導(dǎo)某人做某事leadsbtoaplace引導(dǎo)/帶領(lǐng)某人去某地如：I'mnotgoingtoallowanyonetoleadmebythenose.我不會(huì)允許任何人牽著我的鼻子走。Theteacherledinthenewlessonwithaninterestingstory.那位老師用一個(gè)有趣的故事導(dǎo)入新課。WehiredanIndiantoleadtheway.我們雇了一名印第安人帶路。Whatledyoutotakeupactingasacareer?是什么使你從事演藝事業(yè)的？Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的？單項(xiàng)填空1)Whatledyou______thatBobwasthethief?A．tothink B．thinking C．inthinking D．tothinking2)Studentsshouldalwaysrememberthathardworkisthebasicwaywhich______success.A．leads B．leading C．leadsto D．leadto用lead短語(yǔ)填空3)Heisthekindofpersonwhocaneasilybe______.4．Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。考點(diǎn)：focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于Ican'tfocusmyattentiononstudywithsomuchnoiseoutside.外面噪音這么大，我不能把注意力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.討論集中在三個(gè)主要問(wèn)題上。歸納：focus(sth)on中focus既可以是______動(dòng)詞，也可以是______動(dòng)詞。1)focuson還有其他含義。如：Theastronomerfocusedhistelescopeonthemoon.這位天文學(xué)家把望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)月亮。Todaywearegoingtofocusonthequestionofhomelesspeopleinourcity.今天，我們打算集中討論我們市無(wú)家可歸人群的問(wèn)題。歸納：focuson在這兩句中的含義分別是“______”和“__________”。2)focus作名詞時(shí)，可作“焦點(diǎn)”“中心”講。如：ThefocusofthischapteristheAmericanRevolution.本章的重點(diǎn)是美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Shealwayswantstobethefocusofattention.她總想成為注意的中心。3)focus常用短語(yǔ)歸納：infocus焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)outoffocus焦點(diǎn)沒(méi)對(duì)準(zhǔn)bringintofocus使變得清楚；對(duì)好焦距comeintofocus清晰，明確；在焦點(diǎn)上單項(xiàng)填空1)Publicattentionatthemomentisfocused______theproblemsofindustrialrelations.A．into B．towards C．a(chǎn)bout D．on2)Thechildren'seyes______theblackboard.A．isfocusedon B．focuson C．focusingon D．a(chǎn)refocusedon單句改錯(cuò)3)Hefounditverydifficulttofocushisattentioninhistextbook.________________________________________________________________________4)Whenaphotographisnotinthefocus，itisn'tclear.________________________________________________________________________5．Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤可以減少病蟲(chóng)害，并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長(zhǎng)?？键c(diǎn)：reducevt.減少；縮減Thepriceoftheseshoeshasbeenreduced.這些鞋子的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降了。Thenumberofthemiddleschoolstudentshasbeenreduced.中學(xué)生的數(shù)量已縮減了。1)反義詞：increasev.增加2)派生詞：reductionn.減少；削減；降低與reduction相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：makeareduction打折扣atareductionof打……折扣3)reduce相關(guān)短語(yǔ)歸納：reduceto降低到；落到某種境地；使(身體等)變得；化為，變成reduceby以……(的比例、程度)減少Hungerreducedtheyoungmantostealing.饑餓使這個(gè)年輕人淪落到偷竊的地步。Heisreducedalmosttoskinandbones.他幾乎變得骨瘦如柴。Aftercarefulconsideration，thecompanydecidedtoreducethepriceby10percent.經(jīng)過(guò)慎重考慮，該公司決定把價(jià)格降低10%。單項(xiàng)填空1)Sheisveryfatandnowsheistryinganewdietinorderto______herweight.A．increase B．grow C．keep D．reduce寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的名詞形式2)produce______3)introduce______4)reduce______翻譯句子5)我們需要做的事情是減少開(kāi)支。________________________________________________________________________6)我可以把他的演講簡(jiǎn)化為四個(gè)句子。________________________________________________________________________6．Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。考點(diǎn)：keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)Weshouldusenewenergytokeepourenvironmentfreeofpollution.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)使用新能源，使我們的環(huán)境免受污染。Keepthesevegetablesfreefrompoison.使這些蔬菜不含有毒物質(zhì)。歸納：keep...freefrom/of中的free為形容詞，在句子中作____________。1)freefrom/of意為“無(wú)……的”“免除……的”“不受……約束的”。如：Theylikelivinginavillage，freefrom/ofcrowdsandnoises.他們喜歡住在村子里，遠(yuǎn)離人群和喧鬧。Shegottheticketfreeofcharge.她免費(fèi)得到了這張票。2)keep重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納：keepaneyeon照看；密切注視keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；避開(kāi)keepback隱瞞；忍住(眼淚)keepcompany和……在一起keepoff(使)避開(kāi)keepupwith跟上如：Pleasekeepaneyeonourbaby.請(qǐng)照看一下我們的嬰兒。Wekeptawayfromthebigdog.我們遠(yuǎn)離了那只大狗。I'llkeepnothingbackfromyou.我將什么也不隱瞞你。Thepetcatkeepscompanywithhimeveryday.那只寵物貓每天和他在一起。Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草坪。Hedoeswhathecantokeepupwithhisclassmates.他盡其所能跟上他的同學(xué)們。單項(xiàng)填空Eatingwellandexercisingeveryday______cold.A．keepyoubackfrom B．keepyoufreefromC．keepyoucompanywith D．keepyouaway7．Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears，forexample，growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.他們通常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物，比如在種玉米或小麥后的一年種豌豆或大豆。剖析：本句中的動(dòng)詞ing形式短語(yǔ)growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans作伴隨狀語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)：everyfewyears每隔幾年MybrothergoestotheUSAeveryfewyears.我的弟弟每隔幾年就去一次美國(guó)。1)表示“每隔幾……”，需使用“everyfew＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。everyfewmetres每隔幾米everyfewthousandmetres每隔幾千米2)everyadj.與數(shù)詞連用，意為“每……，每隔……”，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。every＋基數(shù)詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＝every＋序數(shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞。everythreehours＝everythirdhour每三小時(shí)(每隔兩小時(shí))Theyplantedayoungtreeeverytenmetresalongtheroad.他們沿著大路每十米種一棵小樹(shù)。3)表示“每隔一……”，還可用“everyother＋單數(shù)名詞”表達(dá)。everyotherday/year每隔一天/年everyotherline每隔一行單項(xiàng)填空1)Youarerequiredtowrite______sothatwecanseeitclearly.A．everyotherlines B．eachotherlineC．a(chǎn)nothereachline D．everyotherline完成句子，每空一詞2)你父母每三周來(lái)看你一次嗎？Doyourparentscometoseeyou__________________？8．Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。剖析：句中makingitready...為動(dòng)詞ing形式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞ing形式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，描述謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生后所帶來(lái)的一種自然而然的結(jié)果。ManypeoplemovedtoNewYork，makingitthelargestcityintheUSA.很多人去了紐約，使之成為美國(guó)最大的城市。動(dòng)詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，但它通常表示一種“偶然的，出人意料的”結(jié)果，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這種意外的結(jié)果，可在不定式前面加only，譯為“(結(jié)果)卻……”“只(只是……)”。Hewentoutofthestore，onlytofindhiscargone.他走出商店，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車(chē)被盜了。單項(xiàng)填空1)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A．making B．made C．tomake D．havingmade2)TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu，______thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.A．enabling B．havingenabled C．toenable D．tohaveenabled9．Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerandgiveeachothercomments.與你的搭檔交換摘要，并相互作出評(píng)論。考點(diǎn)：commentn.評(píng)論；議論Hemadenocommentsonourproposal.他對(duì)我們的建議沒(méi)有作評(píng)論。His