Unit5HumansandNatureLesson2詞匯

目

錄01.單詞領讀02.詞性拓展03.單詞講解04.隨堂測試單詞領讀01單詞預習檢測——英漢互譯1.營救；救援vt&n__________2.交通工具；車輛；手段/工具n

__________3.把……困??；使陷入困境vt

__________4.試圖；嘗試；努力n

__________5.打斷；打擾v__________6.死；死亡n

__________7.遺失；失去；喪失n

__________8.損害；損壞；損失n

__________vehicletrapattemptinterruptdeathlossdamagerescue單詞預習檢測——英漢互譯9.估量；衡量vt__________10.行動n

__________11.在國外；向海外adv

__________12.地點；遺址；網站n

__________13.過程；進程n

__________14.斗爭；較量n

__________15.（道德或法律上的）責任；義務n

__________16.（身體或精神上）疼痛；痛苦n

__________operationoverseassiteprocessbattledutysufferingmeasure單詞預習檢測——英漢互譯17.實施；管理；進行vt__________18.保護；防護n

__________19.燈n

__________20.在附近adv

__________21.呼吸v

__________22.吸氣；吸入__________23.灰塵；塵埃；沙土n

__________24.用完；耗盡__________protectionlampnearbybreathebreatheindustrunout(of)conduct單詞預習檢測——英漢互譯25.補attemptedadj__________26.補operatev

__________27.補breathn

__________28.補breathlessadj

__________（使）運行；（使）運轉；操作呼吸；氣息氣喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的企圖的；未遂的詞性拓展021．attempt

n．&vt.努力，嘗試，企圖→attempted

adj.未遂的2．interrupt

vt.打斷講話→interruption

n．打擾，干擾；中止；阻礙3．death

n．死，死亡→die

vi.死亡，去世→dead

adj.死的；無趣的，無生氣的4．loss

n．喪失；死亡→lose

vt.喪失；遺失；錯過；浪費→lost

adj.丟失的，迷路的5．damage

n．傷害，損傷，損害→damaging

adj.造成破壞的；有害的；損害的→damaged

adj.損壞的，受損的6．operation

n．行動，活動；手術；操作→operate

vt.&vi.操作；動手術；經營，管理→operator

n．操作員；經營者；行家7．suffering

n．(肉體或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer

vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；經歷→sufferer

n．受難者；患者；被害者8．protection

n．保護；防護→protect

vt.保護，防護9．breathe

vi.&vt.呼吸→breath

n．呼吸10．dust

n．灰塵；塵?！鷇usty

adj.滿是灰塵的，落滿灰塵的重難點詞精講03《生活大爆炸》中Sheldon多次引用“It’satrap!”，模仿《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的阿克巴上將?！缎乔虼髴?zhàn)6（絕地歸來）》中，阿克巴上將在一次戰(zhàn)役歸來時發(fā)現(xiàn)自己中了帝國伏擊艦隊的圈套，說出了“It’satrap!（這是個陷阱）”。阿克巴上將這句略帶喜感的臺詞后來成為了經典，被廣大《星球大戰(zhàn)》的粉絲所熟知。traptrap

n[C]

（捕鳥獸）陷阱；夾子；羅網：set/lay/placeatrapformice

（陷害人的）圈套；詭計：fallinto/getoutofatrap

牢籠；困境：theunemploymenttrapSomepeoplefeelthatmarriageisatrap.vt

設陷阱捕捉；夾?。豢ㄗ。篒t’scrueltotrapbirds.Itrappedmycoatinthecardoor.

把……困??；使陷入困境：Rescueteamstrytosavepeopletrappedunderbuildings.Havingbeentrappedintraffic,hewaslateforwork.

留存；儲存（氣體/水等）：BecauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.課文trap語義助記陷阱trap（基本義）困住動物的“陷阱”（捕鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網牢籠；困境設陷阱捕捉；夾?。豢ㄗ困住人的困境/狀態(tài)困住人的“陷阱”（陷害人的）

圈套；詭計把……困住；使陷入困境v一、根據句意選出trap的最佳釋義。_______1.Shesetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit._______2.Theonlywaytocatchmiceistosetatrap._______3.I’lldescribesomesituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteenagersandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.bactrapa.（捕捉鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網b.（陷害人的）圈套；詭計c.

牢籠；困境二、根據句意寫出下列句子中trap的漢語釋義。1.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.

____________2.Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?

___________3.Iwastrappedintosigningmyname._________________使陷入困境吸收使中計/使陷入圈套

課文原句：Thendecideifthesentencescontainamainideaaboutrescueattemptsoradetail.(教材P34)

★

attemptn．&vt.努力；嘗試；企圖1.attempt(1)makeanattempttodo嘗試做……inanattempttodo為了做……atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試(2)attempttodo嘗試做……；企圖做……(3)attemptedadj.未遂的[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·翻譯①Theymadeanattempttoescapebutwerecaughtbythepolice.②MikehasbeenpreparingcarefullyforhisChineseexaminationsothathecanpassitatthefirstattempt.③Inanattempttopasstheexam，heworksveryharddayandnight.④Heattemptedtofindapeacefulsolutiontotheregionalconflict.[單句語法填空/單句寫作]①Foryearsresearchershaveattempted_______(show)thattelevisionisharmfultochildren.②Ifailed_______myattempttopersuadehimtochangehismind.③Themiddle-agedmanwasaccusedof__________(attempt)murder.④我試圖說服他，但是徒勞。____________________________.⑤我考駕照第一次就通過了。____________________________.toshowtoattemptedIattemptedtopersuadehim，butinvainIpassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt課文原句：...cancausedeathandotherlossanddamagethatishardtomeasure.(教材P102)

★damagen．傷害；損害v．損害；毀壞；破壞2.damage(1)do/causedamageto對……造成傷害/損害(2)damageone’shealth損害某人健康bebadlydamaged嚴重受損[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·翻譯①Thepowerfulearthquakehasdone/causedgreatdamagetothewholecity.②Thecrowdsmightdamagethebeautyofthepalace.③Hisnewcarwasbadlydamagedinanaccident，whichmadehimextremelyannoyedanddepressed.[單句語法填空/單句寫作]①Scientistsarewarningthatpeoplewhosmokeareindangerof__________(damage)theirlungs.②TheCOVID-19hascausedgreatdamage___thecountry’seconomy.③不要為了好身材而損害健康。____________________________.damagingtoDon’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure3.measure課文原句：...cancausedeathandotherlossanddamagethatishardtomeasure.(教材P102)★

measurevt.估量，衡量；測量n．衡量；措施(1)measureone’sheight/weight/success測量/衡量某人的身高/體重/成功(2)takemeasurestodo...采取措施做……make...toone’smeasure按某人的尺寸定做[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·翻譯①Scientistshaven’tmeasuredthepositiveimpactoflaughteronchildren.②Speedisagoodmeasureofworkperformanceinthissetting.③It’shightimethatweshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheendangeredspecies.中國古代西方重量單位兩；斤磅(pound)；克(gram)；千克

(kilogram)1磅=0.454千克

容積和體積單位升；斗；石1石=10斗=100升品脫(pint)（568毫升）；加侖(gallon)

（4.55升）長度單位尺；寸1尺=10寸=0.33米英尺(foot)；

英寸(inch)；英里(mile)；碼(yard)；米(meter)；千米(kilometer)1英尺=12英寸=0.3048米；1英里=1.609千米1碼=0.9米中西方關于度量衡(weightsandmeasures)的常見表達都有哪些呢？measure以人名命名的物理單位：力的單位：牛頓(N)；功的單位：焦耳(J)；頻率的單位：赫茲(Hz)；電流的單位：安培(A)……等等

“測量”的單位“測量”的標準“測量”的結果“測量”的方法度量單位；計量標準(判斷的)標準；衡量(一定的)量；程度措施；辦法measure語義助記measure測量基本義量；測量估量；衡量(尺寸、數(shù)量等)量度為nv[單句語法填空/單句寫作]①Thelittlechildwouldliketohavehisheight_________(measure)．②政府已經采取措施來幫助大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)。__________________________________________.measuredThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestohelpcollegegraduatestogetajob課文原句：MrWang，Iknowyouhavebeenpartofmanyrescueoperationsoverseas...(教材P102)

★

operationn．行動，活動；手術；操作(1)carryout/perform/conductanoperationonsb.給某人做手術inoperation在運行中；操作中；起作用come/gointooperation開始實施ooperation使……實施/運行(2)operatev．操作；動手術；運轉operateonsb.給某人做手術(3)operatorn．操作人員；接線員；運行者4.operation[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·翻譯①Youmustreadtheoperationinstructionsbeforeusingthisnewequipment.②ThenewplanisscheduledtocomeintooperationinMaythisyear.③I’mafraidthatyourbackwillbeoperatedon，becausethereisnootherwaytostopthepain.operation古羅馬的年底為祭祀農神薩圖恩（Saturn）的大型節(jié)日，一般在每年的12月17日至12月24日間召開。薩圖恩雖貴為神，依然手持農具在田間勞動，可見他是多么勤于“工作”。而他的妻子俄普斯（Ops）是就古羅馬神話的豐收之神。俄普斯（Ops）的名字意思是“豐產；豐富”。operate的詞根是oper,oper受豐收之神——俄普斯（Ops）的影響，表示“work（工作）”。operate&operation的語義助記工作operate基本義機器工作人使設備工作工作產生的作用（使）運行；（使）運轉操作；使用起作用；奏效醫(yī)護人員工作政企人員工作動手術；開刀經營；管理運行；運轉；操作經營；運營企業(yè)；團體手術行動（計算機的）

運算；操作operateoperation一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Operationofthedeviceisextremelysimple.______2.Manysmallbusinessesfailinthefirstyearofoperation.______3.He’sgottohaveanoperationonhisstomach. ______4.Therescueoperation

beganonFridayafternoon.______5.Thewholemathematicaloperationisperformedinlessthanthreeseconds.______6.It’stimetoputourplan

intooperation. ______操作operation經營手術行動運算執(zhí)行[單句語法填空/單句寫作]①Whenthemachineis_______operation，keepawayfromit.②TheCivilCodeofthePeople’sRepublicofChinahascomeinto_______(operate)sinceJanuary1,2021.③HavingseentheX-ray，thedoctordecidedtooperate_______thepatient.④現(xiàn)在應該實施我們的計劃了。____________________________.inoperationonIt’stimetoputourplanintooperation5.rescue課文原句：

Searchand

rescuevehiclesarebroughtintodestroyedareas.(教材P34)★

rescuen．&vt.營救；救援(1)rescue...from...把……從……救出來cometoone’srescue去救某人(2)rescuern．救援人員①Fortunately，theywereeventuallyrescuedbyhelicopter.幸運的是，他們最后被直升飛機救走了。②Thefirefighterrescuedthebaby_______thedamagedcar.消防員把嬰兒從損壞的汽車里救了出來。③Althoughtheyweretired，the_______(rescue)werestillinsearchofthemissingpeople.雖然很疲憊，但救援人員仍然在尋找失蹤的人們。fromrescuers6.breathe課文原句：

Thisisbecauseshoutingcancauseyoutobreatheinadangerousamountofdust.(教材P103)★

breathevi.&vt.呼吸(1)breathn．呼吸，氣息；一口氣outofbreath上氣不接下氣holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸takeadeepbreath深呼吸(2)breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的①Peopleareconcernedaboutthequalityoftheairthey__________.人們擔心他們所呼吸的空氣的質量。②Reachingthetopofthetower，hewas_______.到了塔頂，他就上氣不接下氣了。③Jack___________________andthendivedintowater.杰克做了個深呼吸后就跳下水去。④Allstudents_______________whiletheteacherannouncedtheexaminationresults.老師宣布考試結果時，所有學生都屏住呼吸。⑤WhenSandyranintotheclassroom，hewasalready_______(breath)．當桑迪跑進教室時，他已氣喘吁吁。breatheoutofbreathtookadeepbreathheldtheirbreathbreathless7.runout課文原句：

Well，I’dlovetoknowmore，but，unfortunately，we’verunoutoftime.(教材103)★

runoutof用完；用盡(某物)

runout用完；耗盡(主語為物，無被動語態(tài))runacross跑著穿過；偶然碰見runafter追捕；跟蹤；追求runaway跑開；逃走runinto撞上；偶然遇見；遇到(困難等)runfor競選；匆匆去取runthrough瀏覽；跑著穿過①Hermoneyhas________andsheisalso_____________herpatience.她的錢已經用完了，耐心也快耗盡了。②Ihavelearnedthattheproblemofairpollutionisuniversaland_____________________________somenaturalresources.我了解到空氣污染問題是全球性的，而且我們可能會耗盡一些自然資源。runoutrunningoutofthatwearelikelytorunoutofduty語義助記義務duty基本義道德或法律上的義務上班/在崗的義務購物繳納額外費用的義務工作中承擔的義務（購物繳納的）稅；關稅（工作）任務；職責值班（道德或法律上的）責任；義務根據所給提示，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。___________________________（每個人都有責任遵守）trafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.Doingvolunteerworkgivesthegirl_______________（責任感）.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmeto_____________________（報到）.Mary______________（上班）athalfpastten.Itiseverybody’sdutytoobserveasenseofdutyreportfordutygoesondutydutyconduct語義助記引導他人去某地引導自己的行為引導軍隊、樂隊等的行為引導組織或活動引導；帶領

指揮（軍隊、樂隊等）實施；管理；進行舉止；表現(xiàn)引導(基本義)經營方式；管理方式；組織方式行為；舉止nvconduct寫出句中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Yourcheatingconduct

insellingagreatamountofuselessequipmentforhugeprofitcontributedtocausingdeathandinjurytopeople.

______________2.Tofindouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth,Britishscientistsconductedastudy._______________3.WejoinedaconductedtourofEgypt._______________4.He

conductedhimself

farbetterthanexpected.______________欺騙行為進行一項研究有導游陪同的旅行表現(xiàn)正式用語與非正式用語Informal/Neutral（中性的）Formal/Written害怕的孩子scaredkids/_________kids極討厭的天氣_________weatherterribleweather/機動車輛/motorcarsmotor_________做實驗/do/carryoutanexperiment_________anexperiment陌生的男人astrange________astrangeman/禁止狩獵/ban/forbidhunting_______hunting極好的表演an________show/agreatshowaverygoodshow/根據所給提示完成表格。frightenedhorriblevehiclesconductguyprohibitawesome前綴

over-over-

+sea

+-s

→overseasadv在國外；向海外

/adj海外的；國外的over-

+use→overusev過度使用；濫用over-

+do→overdo

v把……做得過分/過火over-

+take→overtakev趕上；追上over-

+night→overnightadv整夜地；通宵地；一下子over-

+coat→overcoatn大衣；外套over-

+time→overtimen加班時間；額外工作時間前綴over-通常加在名詞、動詞、形容詞前，構成合成詞。常見的意思有：前綴over-表示“過多”“過于”“過分”：_____________________前綴over-表示“在上面”“橫越”：________________________前綴over-表示“外面的”“覆蓋的”：___________________前綴over-表示“額外的”：______________________________overuse,overdooverseas,overtake,overnightovercoat

overtime

按要求將單詞分類。本單元典型隱喻詞單詞基本義比喻義battle戰(zhàn)役/戰(zhàn)斗vehicle車輛edge邊緣extent面積/大小tube管（子）

較量手段/工具優(yōu)勢

程度

地鐵

隨堂測試04Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Losingweightisaslowandgradual_______；youcannotexpecttobesliminaweek.2．Hehasreturnedtohishomecountryaftertravelling_______(在海外)forthreemonths.3．Thefirefightersmanagedto_______thepeopletrappedinfloods.4．Thegovernment’ssupportwillhelptheaffectedvillagerstoeasethe_______(痛苦)causedbytheflood.5．Excuseme，mayI_______(打斷)youtocommentonthearticleyoutalkedaboutjustnow.processoverseasrescuesufferinginterrupt6．Despiteseveralfailures，theycontinuedto_______theexperimentwithpatience.7．Nowadays，almosteveryyounggirlhasaconstant_______(斗爭)withherweight.8．Thetrafficjamsoonclearedoncetheoffending_______(車輛)hadbeenremoved.9．Whatkindof_______shouldwetaketoprotectyoungchildrenfrombeingaddictedtocomputers?10．Pleasekeepinmindthatitisthe_______ofeachofusChinesetoprotectourcountryagainstenemies.conductbattlevehiclemeasuresdutyⅡ.單句語法填空1．Theyoungmancamebacktohishometowntohelpthelocalvillagerswinthebattle_______poverty.