英語(yǔ)滬教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)O(shè)ur

digitaldigitallivesOurlivesLesson5FocusingoncultureUnit3Learningobjectives理解并正確使用與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞匯，如microprocessor,microchip,electronic,software等。讀懂介紹計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展歷程的文章，獲取計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵信息，理解計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程。了解中國(guó)“祖沖之號(hào)”量子計(jì)算機(jī)的成就，增強(qiáng)本土科技創(chuàng)新的文化自信。123重點(diǎn)LookandsayWhatarethey?ComputersThinkandsayIfthesetwodeviceshadaconversation,whatwouldtheysay?Example:Wow,humanshavemadecomputerssosmallandpowerful!modernsmartphone1940sroom-sizedcomputerReadandchooseTip:Youcangetsomecluesaboutthemainideafromthetitle,subtitlesandthepicturesprovided.Thepassageismainlyabout().A.Thefutureofquantum(量子)computing.B.Thecharacteristicsofmodernsmartphones.C.Theimpactoftheinternetonsociety.D.Thehistoryofcomputerdevelopment.DReadandanswerWhatistheTEXTTYPEofthispassage().A.ArgumentationB.NarrationC.ExpositionCReadandfill

Acomputerisany_________thatcanbe_____________withasetof_____________.Whatisacomputer?machineprogrammedinstructionsLet’sthinkHowhavecomputersdevelopedovertheyears?

Let’sexplore!ReadandmatchA.Room-sizedcomputersB.FirstPCforpublicC.FirstmachinewithaprogramD.Quantumcomputers...E.Microprocessoror“microchip”F.SmartphonesG.TuringmachineCGAEBFD183719361940s19711981Future1990s-presentCGAEBFDFirstmachinewithaprogramTuringMachineRoom-sizedcomputersReadandfill

183719361940sIn

,the

machinewithaprogramwas

CharlesBabbageandhisstudentAdaLovelace.Charleswantedamachinetoaddupbignumbers,butAdarealizedthata

coulddoalotmore.Shewasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.Britain

first

wasdesignedbyaddupcomputerprogramScientistsbuiltearlycomputersinEnglandandGermany.Theywerethesizeofaroom!EnglandandGermanyroomBritishscientistAlanTuringreadAda’sideasandcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.TheTuringmachinecoulddoallkindsofcalculations,anditcouldalsorun

differentprograms.Thisisthebasisforallmoderncomputers.BritishscientistTuringmachinedesigncalculationsdifferentprogramsbasis

basicReadandfillMicroprocessoror“microchip”FirstPCforpublic1981TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Thiswasamajorbreakthroughinthehistoryofcomputers.themicrochip,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmallernnveryquickly.1971突破microprocessorbreakthroughThankstofasterandsmaller微處理器AUScompanydesignedthefirstPC(personalcomputer)forthegeneralpublic.Expertsdidn’tbelievethatanybodywantedacomputerathome.Butintwoyearstheysoldthousandsof

them.personalcomputerthousandsofReadandfillSmartphonesQuantumcomputers...1990s–presentThefutureSmartphones—phoneswith

computersoftware—arrived!Today’ssmartphonescanconnect

totheinternetandrunallkindsofdifferentapps—inotherwords,theyaresmallcomputers.Thearrivalofsmartphoneshasstartedanewera

indigitaltechnology.Expressionssuchas“Wi-Fi”

,

“download”and“app”

havebecomepartofourdailylives.computersoftwareconnect

differentappsnewera“Wi-Fi”“download”and“app”smallcomputersComputertechnologycontinuestodevelop.Somecomputerswillbetiny—perhapswewillevenhavecomputersinourclothes.Scientistsbelievethatquantum

computers

willbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemanytimesfaster

thantoday’scomputers,andmuchmorepowerful.tinyclothesquantumcomputersmanytimesfastermuchmorepowerful

quantumcomputer量子計(jì)算機(jī)

InMay2021,ChineseresearchersbuiltapowerfulquantumcomputercalledZuchongzhi.Quantumcomputersareanewtypeofcomputer.Theymakecalculationswiththehelpofquantummechanics.Note“祖沖之號(hào)”量子計(jì)算機(jī)quantumcomputer量子計(jì)算機(jī)Focuseandlearn

Focuseandlearn

創(chuàng)造紀(jì)錄!中國(guó)科大“祖沖之三號(hào)"量子計(jì)算研究獲新突破升級(jí)了!九章二號(hào)和祖沖之二號(hào)齊問(wèn)世，我國(guó)“量子霸權(quán)”再次增強(qiáng)!Focuseandlearn祖沖之(公元429年——公元500年)是南北朝時(shí)期杰出的數(shù)學(xué)家，天文學(xué)家。其主要貢獻(xiàn)在數(shù)學(xué)、天文歷法和機(jī)械三方面，首次將“圓周率”精算到小數(shù)第七位，他提出的“祖率”對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的研究有重大貢獻(xiàn)。ReadandanswerAnswerthequestionsbelowwiththeinformationfromthetextonpage46.(1)WhatdidCharlesBabbageandAdaLovelacedoin1837?AlanTuringwasaBritishscientist.HecrearedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.Theydesignedthefirstmachinewithaprogram.(2)WhowasAlanTuringandwhatdidhedo?ReadandanswerAnswerthequestionsbelowwiththeinformationfromthetextonpage46.(3)WhowasTedHoff?Whathappenedafterhisinvention?TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Afterhisinvention,computersandotherelectronicdevicesbecamefasterandsmaller.Scientistsbelievequantumcomputerswillbethenextbigbreakthroughincomputertechnology.(4)Whatwillbethenextbigbreakthroughincomputertechnology?FindandmatchFindthewordsandthephraseinthetextandmatchthemwiththeirmeanings.(1)major(2)thegeneralpublic(3)era(4)software(5)downloada.programsonacomputerphone,etc.b.aparticularperiodinhistoryc.peopleinsocietyd.togetdata,files,software,etc.fromtheinternete.greaterormoreimportantThinkandshareGroupdiscussi