第四講無提示詞之連詞——析成分，記用法，判定句子連詞依據(jù)句際關(guān)系來考查并列句和三大從句，是高考語法填空的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是考生的易錯點(diǎn)。分析句子成分，牢記從句用法是解題的關(guān)鍵。【思維導(dǎo)圖】——連詞解題2大宏觀思維方向并列連詞【典例】限時3分鐘，體會并列連詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭).2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelopandtoseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.3.(2022·全國乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperationandculturalexchanges.4.(2021·全國甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.5.(2021·浙江6月卷)AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.6.(2020·浙江1月卷)It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthierandmoreproductiveforlonger.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有：and,both...and...(兩者都),notonly...but(also)...(不但……而且……)等。2.表示選擇關(guān)系的有：or,either...or...(或者……或者……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)等。3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有：but，yet，while(而，然而)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等。4.表示因果關(guān)系的有：so,for等。從句引導(dǎo)詞在語法填空中，從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查涉及三大從句，即定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。了解三大從句引導(dǎo)詞的意義和用法是解題的關(guān)鍵?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】【典例】限時4分鐘，體會定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2023·全國甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco－existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage－oldfables.2.(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast－paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st－centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.(2022·全國甲卷)Onthe1，100－kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.5.(2021·天津3月卷改編)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.7.(2023·濟(jì)南高三英語模擬)Itwasahuman’sturnonMarch16，whenadoctorintheChinesecityofSanyaputadeviceintothebrainofapatientnearly1，900milesawayinBeijing.【解題規(guī)則】1.關(guān)系代詞定語從句中缺主語或者賓語時，用關(guān)系代詞：(1)that/which(用來指物)注意：介詞之后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，只用which。(2)who/whom/that(用來指人)注意：whom只能作賓語，介詞之后只用whom。(3)whose作定語，可修飾人或物，表先行詞和定語從句的主語之間的所屬關(guān)系。(4)as可指人或物(常用于句首)。2.關(guān)系副詞(1)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。(2)牢記case，climate，scene，atmosphere，stage，situation，spot，position，point等名詞作先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.“介詞＋which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句中不缺主語或賓語時，常常用“介詞＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”代替關(guān)系副詞。其中介詞的選擇遵循以下原則：(1)看與先行詞的搭配；(2)看與從句謂語的搭配；(3)看句意?！镜淅肯迺r3分鐘，體會狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2020·浙江1月卷)IwasrunningsofastthatIbouncedoffthetrunkandlandedonmybackside.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.3.(全國Ⅱ卷)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.4.(全國Ⅱ卷)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentswereuntilIenteredhighschool.5.(全國Ⅲ卷)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.6.(2023·揚(yáng)州高三月考)Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.【解題規(guī)則】1.句意法確定狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)while/when/as/since/before/after/until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句(2)if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句(3)though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(4)where/wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句(5)because/since/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句2.固定句式法確定狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)so/such...that...如此……以至于……(2)not...until...直到……才……(3)Itwas/wasn’t＋一段時間＋before...過了多少時間才/沒過多長時間就……(4)Itissometime(一段時間)＋since...自從……多長時間(5)whether...ornot...無論……還是……【典例】限時3分鐘，體會名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrs.Brown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”3.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb,forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree－quartersofthetime,theyagreed.4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout－of－this－worldscenes.5.(2021·北京卷改編)Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.【解題規(guī)則】1.從句不缺任何成分且句子意義完整，考慮用that引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，此時that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分。2.從句不缺成分，有疑問，表“是否”時，用whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，if只可用于動詞后的賓語從句中。3.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，缺少主語、賓語、表語時用連接代詞what，who，whom，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等。4.缺少狀語(結(jié)合句意判斷)時用連接副詞where(表地點(diǎn))，when(表時間)，how(表方式或程度)，why(表原因)等。5.it作形式主語或形式賓語的名詞性從句要牢記。連詞題集中特訓(xùn)Ⅰ.專項(xiàng)演練解題提示：認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先判斷是否填連詞，再根據(jù)句意確定填哪個連詞。1.(2023·金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)InEnglish,thereisafamousphrase：“EyeoftheTiger”，whichmeansfiercenessandstrength.2.(2023·揚(yáng)州高三模擬)ThereisevidencethatacupuncturebeganduringtheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.3.(2023·邯鄲高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)AsI’monly16,andhavenoyoungersiblings,Ihaveneverhadanyexperienceofworkingwithchildrenbefore.IhadnoideahowIcouldspendthosedays.4.(2023·泰州高三第二次調(diào)研)ThedayoftheSpringEquinoxiswhenthesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.5.(2023·寶雞高考模擬二)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFord,thefounderoftheHenryFordMotorCompany,probablyneverimaginedwhathisproductionsystemwouldmeantotheworld.6.(2023·稽陽聯(lián)考)Artistsmighthavesunkintoastatewheretheyforgotthemselves,didn’tneedtothinkandlosttrackoftime,andinspirationswouldjust“flowout”especiallysinceIdon’tspeakPortuguese.7.(2023·綿陽一診)ThereisanoldcustominsouthernChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.8.(2023·荊州高三第一次模擬)DuringtheHanera,thepopulartheoryoflanguagewasthatusingthecorrectnamesforthingswasessentialforpropergovernment.9.(2023·蘇州高三調(diào)研)Becausetheyaresorare,muchofwhatweknowaboutpandascomesfromstudyingthesezooanimals.10.(2023·哈師大附中高三模擬)Therearedoubtswhetherthenewdrugwillbeeffectiveintreatingthedisease.11.(2023·南通高三第二次調(diào)研)Theserelics，datingfromtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheQingDynasty，includedavarietyofitems，mostofwhichareplates，vasesandfigurines.12.(2023·重慶南開中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢)“Whetherit’sahugecommercialsuccessornot,thisfilmrepresentsagreatattemptintoexploringreality－themedChineseanimatedfilmproduction，”readsaWeibopost.13.(2023·昆明第一中學(xué)高三下期月考)While/Though/Althoughasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest’sfoodchain.Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs.14.(2023·孝感高考模擬)Apartfromthat,thedecoratedresumesdolittlehelptofindajobbecausemostHRmanagerspaymoreattentiontoskills.15.(2023·長沙第二次模擬)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhich/thatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.16.(2023·泰州高三第一次調(diào)研)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.17.(2023·福州高三第二次質(zhì)檢)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479 B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.18.(2023·溫州十校聯(lián)考)Theteachertriestocreateanatmospherewherehisstudentscancommunicateeffectively.19.(2023·石家莊高三質(zhì)檢)SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyouascontainthewordsyouaskfor.20.(2023·南京高三第一次調(diào)研)Itwas1897whenaEuropeanchemistcalledDr.FelixHoffmanproducedaspirinfromthischemical.Ⅱ.模擬沖關(guān)解題提示：解題時，請尤其關(guān)注連詞填空題。(2023·南通高三第二次調(diào)研)WheneverSongJingvisitsamuseum,sheneverfailstocheckoutthesectiononancientbooks.Inadditiontoappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthosehistoricalvolumes,shefocuseson1.____________theywerejoinedandpresented.Song2.____________(work)intherestorationdivisionforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijingforeightyears.Theseasonscomeandgooutsideherworkshop,buttimeisrelativeforSongandherfellowrestorers.Theirworkiscalculatednotthrough“years”3.____________“l(fā)ifetimes”.Theflowoftimemaybehardlyfeltexceptthroughtheyellowingpagesandthegrayingofhair.Theprimaryobjectiveofancientbookrestorationis4.____________(extend)thelifeperiodofthedocument.The5.____________(high)thesimilaritybetweentheoriginalandtherestorationmaterials,themoreconsistenttheirrateofagingwillbe,andthusthebettertheancientbookscan6.____________(preserve).Asachild,Songwasfascinatedby7._______________(documentary)abouttheworld’sculturalrelicsandbecamedeeplyinterestedinantiquerestoration.Shespenthoursresearchingculturalrelics,8.____________(frequent)localmuseumsandreadingrelatedbooks.Itusuallytakesatleasttwotothreeyearsfromlearningandfollowingamaster9.____________onecanindependentlyleadarestorationproject.“AncientChinesecivilizationhasleftbehindavastnumberofbooks,manyof10.____________requirerestoration，”Songsays.“Hopefully,Icaninspiremoreyoungpeopletofindtheirlifelongpassioninthefieldofculturalheritagepreservation.”【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。介紹了宋靜為什么從事文物修復(fù)，以及它的意義所在。1.how[考查名詞性從句。句意：除了欣賞隱藏在這些歷史卷中的智慧，她還關(guān)注它們是如何被連接和呈現(xiàn)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中句意完整，所以應(yīng)該用連接副詞引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用how引導(dǎo)。故填how。]2.hasbeenworking/hasworked[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：宋在北京中國國家圖書館古籍修復(fù)部工作了8年。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動詞，所以work作本句謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語foreightyears，因不知是否還在繼續(xù)工作，所以既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。故填hasbeenworking或者h(yuǎn)asworked。]3.but[考查并列連詞。句意：他們的工作不是用“年”而是用“一生”來計算的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，根據(jù)前文的“years”和后文的“l(fā)ifetimes”可知兩者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but連接。故填but。]4.toextend[考查非謂語動詞。句意：古籍修復(fù)的首要目標(biāo)是延長文獻(xiàn)的生命周期。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語動詞is，所以extend應(yīng)該用非謂語形式，根據(jù)句意，此處是表目的，應(yīng)該用不定式作表語。故填toextend。]5.higher[考查比較等級。句意：原始材料與修復(fù)材料的相似性越高，其老化速率越一致，古籍的保存也就越好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定句型：“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”意為“越……就越……”。故填higher。]6.bepreserved[考查語態(tài)。句意同上題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動詞，所以preserve作本句謂語動詞，主語是books，兩者間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，空前是情態(tài)動詞，所以空后應(yīng)填動詞原形。故填bepreserved。]7.documentaries[考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：小時候，宋靜就被關(guān)于世界文物的紀(jì)錄片迷住了，并對古董修復(fù)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前后都是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，documentary為名詞，意為“紀(jì)錄片”，是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填documentaries。]8.frequenting[考查非謂語動詞。句意：她花了很多時間研究文物，經(jīng)常逛當(dāng)?shù)夭┪镳^，閱讀相關(guān)書籍。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是排比，考查固定搭配：spendtime(in)doingsth，空處和researching一起作賓語，所以空處應(yīng)填動名詞形式。故填frequenting。]9.before[考查狀語從句。句意：從學(xué)習(xí)和跟隨大師到能夠獨(dú)立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目，通常需要至少兩到三年的時間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定句型：“Ittakes＋一段時間＋before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”意為“過了多久才……”。故填before。]10.which[考查定語從句。句意：“中國古代文明留下了大量的書籍，其中許多需要修復(fù)，”宋說。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是books，在從句中作賓語，用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。](2023·廣州統(tǒng)考一模)TheGrandCanalisthelongestand1.____________(old)canalintheworld.ItformsavastinlandwaterwaysysteminChina,runningfromthecapitalBeijinginthenorth2.____________ZhejiangProvinceinthesouth.3.____________(construct)insectionsfromthe5thcenturyBCEandcompletedandmaintainedbyseveral4.____________(dynasty),itformedthebackboneofChina’sinlandcommunicationssystem,whichenabledthesupplyofrice5.____________(feed)thepopulation.TheGrandCanalreachedanewpeakinthe13thcentury,providinganinlandshippingnetworkconsistingofmorethan2，000kmofartificialwaterways,6.____________linkedfiveofthemostimportantriverbasinsinChina,includingtheHuangheRiverandtheChangjiangRiver.Still7.____________majormeansofinternalcommunicationtoday,it8.____________(play)animportantroleinensuringtheprosperity(繁榮)andstabilityofChinaovertheages.TheGrandCanalbearswitnesstoaremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulicengineering(水利工程).Itisanessentialtechnologicalachievement9.____________(date)frombeforetheI