PAGE2/2【名師原創(chuàng)】：Unit5易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析●deep(adv);deeply【教材原句】Basedonthis,hebelievedhehadsportedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.(教材P50)【辨析】?jī)烧叨加小吧畹亍币馑?，但是用法有區(qū)別。deep做副詞時(shí)，意思是“深地”，指實(shí)際深度，可以測(cè)量出具體深度，常用來(lái)修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,常與into或below搭配。常見(jiàn)詞組有：deepdown在內(nèi)心深處,實(shí)際上；go/rundeep強(qiáng)烈；深厚；深入內(nèi)心；digdeep(intosth)探究；搜集；細(xì)查；digdeepforsb.盡力為某人提供；deepintothenight深夜；deeply意思是“深深地；極其；強(qiáng)烈地；深沉地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，不表示實(shí)際深度。常見(jiàn)詞組有：sleepdeeply沉睡；breathedeeply深呼吸；thinkdeeplyaboutsth.認(rèn)真思考某事?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimdeeply.我那些無(wú)心的話一定深深傷害了他。Weweredeeplymovedbyherplight.她的困境深深地打動(dòng)了我們。Heinhaleddeeplyonanothercigarette.他又點(diǎn)了一根煙深深地吸了一口。Shehadthoughtverydeeplyaboutthisproblem.她曾經(jīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題深深思考過(guò)。Theyweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath.她死亡的消息使他們唏噓不已。Shewasdeeplyinvolvedwiththelocalhospital.她曾全心投入當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。TheSiouxareforceddeepintotheBlackHills.蘇族被迫轉(zhuǎn)移至黑山深處Theydugdeepdownintotheearth.他們挖至地層深處。Afarmerfoundsomebonesburieddeepbeneaththeground.一位農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些深埋地下的尸骨。Hesuspectedthatdeepdown,sheadmiredhimforhavingthegumptiontodisagreewithher.他認(rèn)為，在內(nèi)心深處她十分佩服他有勇氣和她唱反調(diào)。DeepdownIstilllovedhim.我在內(nèi)心深處仍然愛(ài)著他。Heseemsconfidentbutdeepdownhe'squiteinsecure.他好像很有信心，實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)什么把握。Dignityandpriderundeepinthiscommunity.尊嚴(yán)和自豪已深深扎根于這個(gè)群體之中。You'llneedtodigdeepintotherecordstofindthefiguresyouwant.你必須仔細(xì)查閱檔案才能找到你需要的數(shù)字。【考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)】用deep,deeply填空1.Theyhadtodigvery________inordertofindthetreasure.2.Ididn'trealizebuthewas________unhappyatthattime.3.We'reaskingyoutodig________fortheearthquakevictims.4.ThePresidentis________concernedaboutthisissue.5.Weknew_________downthatwecoulddoit6.Shefelthermother'sdeathvery________.7.Somewhere________beneaththesurfacelayacaringcharacter8.Opinionis_________dividedonthisissue.9.Mineralsareoftenfound_______intheground.10.Hisproblemsare_______rootedinhischildhoodexperiences.11.While________intheforestinawoodcutter'scottage，therelivedanoldman.12.Hiscommentswere_______offensivetoalargenumberofsinglemothers.13.Shewent_______intothewoods.14.Shewas________ashamedofherbehaviorattheparty.15.Ikeptreassuringthembut________inmyheartIknewwehadnohope16.Wewere________saddenedbythenewsofherdeath.【參考答案】1.deep;2.deeply;3.deep;4.deeply;5.deep;6.deeply;7.deep;8.deeply;9.deep;10.deeply;11.deep;12.deeply;13.deep;14.deeply;15.deep;16.deeply●include;contain【教材原句】TheMayabuiltimpressivepalacesandtemples,includingtheirrepresentativesteppyramids.(教材P50)Itcontainedmorethan800characters,withsomesignsrepresentinganimals,peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables.(教材P50)Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,includinga“megadrought”around900AD.(教材P51)Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves.(教材P56)Ancientcivilizationsappearedontheparallel,includingBabylon,withitsfamoustower;Egypt,withitspyramids;China,withitsSanxingduiculture,etc.(教材P59)Thiscreatsamazingnaturalfeatures,includingMountQomolangma,theDeadSea,andrivers,suchtheNile,theMississippiandtheYangtze.(教材P59)【辨析】?jī)烧叨加小鞍钡囊馑?，但有一定區(qū)別。include表示“包括，包含，包括….在內(nèi)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)被包括者是整體的一部分。include后面接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞；被包括部分放在include后面時(shí)，include用-ing形式，放在前面時(shí)，include用-ed形式contain表示“包含，含有，裝有，容納”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“內(nèi)含（….成分），裝有（….東西）”。【例句呈現(xiàn)】Yourdutieswillincludesettingupanewcomputersystem.你的職責(zé)將包括建立一個(gè)新的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng).I'vegotthreedays'holidayincludingNewYear'sDay.包括元旦在內(nèi)我有三天假。ThemoviewonnineAcademyAwards,includingBestPicture.這部電影榮獲九項(xiàng)奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)，包括最佳影片獎(jiǎng)。Hotelaccommodationisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.你度假的價(jià)款包括旅館住宿在內(nèi)。Sixpeoplewerekilledintheriot,includingapoliceman.暴亂中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。Weallwent,meincluded.我們都去了，連我在內(nèi)。Thecommitteeincludesrepresentativesfromindustry.這個(gè)委員會(huì)包括產(chǎn)業(yè)界的代表。Localactivitiesincludewalking,boatingandgolf.當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)包括散步、劃船以及打高爾夫球。Theboxcontainsoldphotographsandsouvenirs.那盒子里放有舊照片和紀(jì)念品。Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.它含有一種可以防止蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬的強(qiáng)效藥物。Thebottlecontainstwoglassesofbeer.這瓶子可裝兩杯啤酒。Thepillcontainsvitamins.這藥丸中含有多種維生素?！究键c(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)】根據(jù)include,contain的用法用其適當(dāng)形式填空1.Itwasfoundthatherblood_______poison.2.Thecityhasdozensoffactories,_______apowerplantandasteelworks.3.Thisdrinkdoesn't________anyalcohol.4.Sixstudentswereplayingtabletennis,twogirls________.5.Theirdiet________alotoffatatpresent.6.I________applesonthelistofthingstobuytoday.7.Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottle________?8.Weallknowthatthisbook_________tenshortstories.9.Seawater_________plentyofsalt.10.Myunclehasalotofduties,_________takingcareofthesechildren.【參考答案】1.contained;2.including;3.contain;4.included;5.contains;6.include;7.contain;8.includes;9.contains;10.including●remain;stay【教材原句】WhyMayacivilizationcollapseremainsamystery.(教材P51)【辨析】?jī)烧叨加小埃ㄏ祫?dòng)詞）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，這時(shí)兩者可以換用，但其它意義和用法有區(qū)別。remain意思是“保持，仍然是；遺留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①remain+adj.=stay+adj.保持….=2\*GB3②remain+n=stay+n仍然是…..=3\*GB3③remain+prep.+地點(diǎn)=stay+prep.+地點(diǎn)待在某地，但是，可以說(shuō)stay(at)home，不能說(shuō)remainathome,只能用remainhome，去掉at,兩詞組可換用。=4\*GB3④sth.remaintobedone某事尚待做=5\*GB3⑤itremaintobeseen+wh-從句…..有待觀察/看/尚待定論=6\*GB3⑥thereremains….尚有…..remain可以做名詞，意思是“遺跡，殘留物”stay意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暫住”，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①stayfordinner留下來(lái)吃飯=2\*GB3②stayathome待在家里=3\*GB3③stayat/inahotel住旅館=4\*GB3④staythenight=stayovernight=stayover過(guò)夜=5\*GB3⑤stayaway走開(kāi)，不打擾=6\*GB3⑥stayin=stay(at)home待在家里，不外出=7\*GB3⑦stayon留下來(lái)繼續(xù)（工作，學(xué)習(xí)）=8\*GB3⑧stayout待在戶外，不回家=9\*GB3⑨stayoutof….避開(kāi)，遠(yuǎn)離，不介入=10\*GB3⑩stayup熬夜stay也可以作名詞，表示“停留，暫住”等?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Mostofthehouseremainsintactevenaftertwohundredyears.雖然過(guò)了兩百年，這房子的大部分還保持完好。Thetemperatureremainedconstantwhilepressurewasavariableintheexperiment.做這實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)溫度保持不變，但壓力可變。Itremainstobeseenwhetherhisprojectwillfly.他的計(jì)劃能否成功尚需拭目以待。Thediseaseoftenremainsundetectedformanyyears.這種疾病經(jīng)常潛伏多年而不被察覺(jué)。Thereremainstheproblemoffinance.財(cái)政問(wèn)題仍然存在。Itremainstobeseenwhetherornotthisideacanbeputintopractice.這一想法能否付諸實(shí)踐還有待于觀察。WewentontoParisandstayed/remainedthereelevendays.我們接著去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。Westayed/remainedinavillagewheretimehasstoodstill.我們待在一個(gè)時(shí)間似乎凝滯了的村子里。Shestayedathome,afraidtoshowherface.她待在家里，不敢露面。Westayedupallnight,settingtheworldtorights.我們一夜沒(méi)睡，談?wù)撝绾握仁澜?。Iwantyoutostayawayfrommydaughter.我要你離我女兒遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。Hisparentswon'tallowhimtostayoutlate.他的父母不會(huì)允許他在外待得很晚。【考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)】用remain,stay的適當(dāng)形式填空1.She_______homewhilethechildrenwereyoung.2.IwenttoNingxiaand_______thereforoneyear.3.Wepromised________friendsforever.4.Wemust________competitiveinthecompetitivesociety.5.I________onthejobforfivemonthswhentheyleft.6.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds_______away.7.Youshouldleavethosenaughtyboys_______outoftrouble.8.Lastmonth,Tomwrotetwoarticlesduringhisshort_______inhospital.9.Sofarmanyofhissongs_______popular.10.Weweretold________inourseatsmeanwhilewithourseatbeltsfastened.11.Ineverseewhathasbeendone;Ionlyseewhat_______tobedone.12.It________tobeseenwhetheryouareright.13.There________onesignificantproblemnow.14.Please_______calmwhenyoumeetwithsomedifficulties.15.Youshould________quietwhensomeoneismakingaspeech.【參考答案】1.stayed/remained;2.stayed/remained;3.tostay/remain;4.stay/remain;5.Stayed;6.tostay;7.tostay;8.stay;9.haveremained/stayed;10.toremain/stay;11.remains;12.remains;13.remains;14.remain/stay;15.stay/remain●leadto;cause(vt)【教材原句】Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,includinga“megadrought”around900AD.(教材P51)Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages,conflictsand,ultimately,thedownfallofthecities.(教材P51)【辨析】?jī)烧叨加小皩?dǎo)致，引起”的意思，在這種意思前提下，一般可以互換，但是在其它意思上有一定區(qū)別。leadto….意思是“導(dǎo)致，引起；通向”，導(dǎo)致的后果可好可壞也可以是中性的，to是介詞，后面一般接名詞。溫馨提示：=1\*GB3①leadsb./sth.todosth.引起某人/某物做某事=2\*GB3②leadsb./sth.to/into+地點(diǎn)把某人/某物領(lǐng)到某地/進(jìn)入某地cause意思是“導(dǎo)致，引起”，一般導(dǎo)致的是壞的結(jié)果。也可以構(gòu)成詞組causesb./sth.todosth.意思是“引起/導(dǎo)致某人或某物做某事”。溫馨提示：指壞的結(jié)果時(shí)，兩者可以互換；做“通向”講時(shí)，不可互換。【例句呈現(xiàn)】Hehaswarnedthattheseriousriftswithinthecountrycouldleadtocivilwar.他已經(jīng)發(fā)出了警告，國(guó)家內(nèi)部嚴(yán)重的不和可能會(huì)引發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。Strainingtoliftheavyweightscanleadtoariseinbloodpressure.用力提重物會(huì)導(dǎo)致血壓升高。Heagreedthatthesepolicieswillleadtogridlockinthefuture.他認(rèn)為這些政策將來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致僵局。Tamperingwithasingleenzymecanleadtountowardeffectselsewhere.破壞一種酶可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在別處出現(xiàn)異常。Therearerecognizedblackspotsinmarriageswhichcanleadtotrouble婚姻中有一些公認(rèn)的容易引發(fā)問(wèn)題的雷區(qū)。Soheadnorthwestuntilyoufindariverwhichshouldleadtothecoast.一直向西北方向走，直到你發(fā)現(xiàn)一條小河，這條小河通向海岸。Repairsandimprovementscanleadtohigherrentalrates.修繕后可以提高租價(jià)。Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebuilding.大火導(dǎo)致那棟大樓里的東西嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀。Acombinationofinternalandexternalfactorscausedthecompanytoclosedown.內(nèi)外因結(jié)合導(dǎo)致了公司的倒閉。Thedrugmaycauseanaggravationofthecondition.這種藥可能導(dǎo)致病情惡化。Thediseasecancausesterilityinmenandwomen.這種疾病可能導(dǎo)致男女不育。Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaosontheroads.大雪導(dǎo)致道路上交通一片混亂。Anxietycanbecausedbylackofsleep.睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致焦慮。Researchersarestilltryingtoisolatethegenethatcausesthisabnormality.研究人員仍然在試圖分離導(dǎo)致這種畸形的基因?！究键c(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)】根據(jù)leadto和cause的用法,用其適當(dāng)形式填空1.Afaultyconnection_______themachinetostopthatday.2.Ifyoustringtheseexperiencestogether,youcanfindanewliferoadwill______yourfuture.3.Thepoorharvest________pricestorisesharplyduringthosedays.4.Hestillbelievedthathonestyandindustrywould______success.5.Vitamindeficiencyinthedietcan________illness.6.Excuseme,doesthisroad_______therailwaystation?7.Heavyseascan_______cancellationofferryservices.8.Therewerefearsthatprivatizationwould_______joblosses.9.Defeatcould_______onesidetoescalatetheconflict.10.Abusecan_______bothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.11.Strongcoffeeortealateatnightmay_______sleeplessness12.Apoordietwillultimately________illness.13.Generally,alackofmagnesium_______musclestogointospasm.14.Excessivedrinkingcan________stomachdisorders.15.Initspresentform,thelawcould_______newinjustices.【參考答案】1.caused;2.leadto;3.caused;4.leadto;5.leadto/cause;6.leadto;7.leadto/cause;8.cause/leadto;9.cause;10.cause/leadto;11.leadto/cause;12.cause/leadto;13.causes;14.cause/leadto;15.cause/leadto●whatever…,nomatterwhat…【教材原句】Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilizationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.(教材P51)【辨析】?jī)烧叨加小盁o(wú)論什么，不管什么”的意思，意思基本一致，但用法有區(qū)別。whatever….既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

nomatterwhat…只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)可以和whenever互換。溫馨提示：whenever/nomatterwhen;wherever/nomatterwhere;whichever/nomatterwhich;whoever/nomatterwho;however/nomatterhow的用法與whatever/nomaterwhat的用法基本相同。

【例句呈現(xiàn)】Whatever/nomatterwhatsystemyouchoose,itmustberuninproperly.不管你選擇什么樣的體系，都必須經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)哪ズ?。TheUnitedStateswilldowhateveritcantohelpGreece美國(guó)將竭盡所能幫助希臘。Whenever/nomatterwhenyoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.無(wú)論何時(shí)你搬到一個(gè)新的地方,你都應(yīng)該找到火警報(bào)警站和離你房間最近的兩個(gè)出口。Whenevertheygoabroaddependsonthepassports.不管他們什么時(shí)候出國(guó)，都要取決于簽證。However/nomatterhowyoulookatit,it'sgoingtocostalot.不管你怎么看，它都要花很多錢(qián)。Shehasthewindowopen,however/nomatterhowcolditisoutside.不管外面多冷她都開(kāi)著窗戶。Howevergothereisamatter.無(wú)論如何去那里都是個(gè)問(wèn)題。Hehiredhimselfouttowhoeverneededhisservices.他以前從事臨時(shí)服務(wù)業(yè)。Comeoutofthere,whoever/nomatterhowyouare.不管你是誰(shuí)，從那里出來(lái)吧。Amediacircussurroundedtheroyalcouplewherever/nomatterwheretheywent.無(wú)論王室夫婦走到何處，他們的身后都會(huì)跟著一大群媒體記者。Whereverhegoesisunimportant.不管他去哪里都不重要。Thesituationisanawkwardone,whichever/nomatterwhichwayyoulookatit.無(wú)論從哪一方面看，這個(gè)局面都很尷尬。Whichever/nomatterwhichtheychoose,wemustaccepttheirdecision.無(wú)論他們?nèi)绾芜x擇，我們都必須接受他們的決定。Justbesuretobeawareofthesafetyregulationsinwhichevercountryyouhappentobebuyingyoureggsin.你只需要留意你要買(mǎi)雞蛋的那個(gè)國(guó)家的食品安全規(guī)定就行。

【考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)】用whenever/nomatterwhen;whatever/nomaterwhat;wherever/nomatterwhere;whichever/nomatterwhich;whoever/nomatterwho;however/nomatterhow填空1.________youcomehere,pleasecallmefirst.

2.Idon'tcare_______theywillcomefrom.3._______hehasputthesebooksisunimportant.4.________aproblemarrives,dothreethings–faceit,fightitandfinishit.5._______youstart,itisimportantthatyoudonotstopafterstarting.6._______happens,I'llalwaysbethereforyou.7._______goesthere,we’llagree.8.______theyare,theywillbehelpful.9._______youdo,tryyourbest.10.We'lltryourbesttodo_______isright.11._______isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.12.________wantstospeaktomeonthephone,tellthemI'mbusy.13._______doesbestwillgettheprize.14._______theyselect,wewilldisagree.【參考答案】1.Nomatterwhen/Whenever;2.wherever;3.Wherever;4.Whenever/Nomatterwhen;5.Nomatterwhen/how/Whenever/However;6.Nomatterwhat/Whatever;7.Whoever/Nomatterwho;8.Wherever/Nomatterwhere;9.Whatever/Nomatterwhat;10.whatever;11.Whatever;12.Whoever/Nomatterwho;13.Whoever;14.Nomatterwhich/Whichever●especially;specially【教材原句】Scientistshavebeenconductingresearchinordertoseekgreaterunderstandingofthebrain,especiallysincethe1950s.(教材P55)【辨析】?jī)烧咴~形相似，但意義和用法不同。especially副詞，意思是“尤其；特別；格外地”，往往用來(lái)對(duì)前面所述情況進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充，不強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，只強(qiáng)調(diào)超乎尋常，通常用來(lái)修飾名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或者是句子。specially副詞，意思是“專門(mén)地；特意地；特別地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是為了…而不為別的”。一般修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。溫馨提示：especially和specially一般不換用，但是especially可以和particularly通用?！纠涑尸F(xiàn)】Weareespeciallyencouragedbythestrongrepresentation,thisyear,ofwomenininformationtechnologydisciplines今年，女性在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的突出表現(xiàn)尤其讓我們備受鼓舞。ShewasespeciallyfondofalittlegirlnamedBetsy.她尤其偏愛(ài)一個(gè)名叫貝齊的小女孩。Millionsofwildflowerscolorthevalleys,especiallyinAprilandMay尤其是在四五月份，不計(jì)其數(shù)的野花盛開(kāi)，山谷里一片絢爛色彩。Underalltheinnocentfun,therearehiddendangers,especiallyforchildren在所有簡(jiǎn)單無(wú)害的娛樂(lè)項(xiàng)目背后都隱藏著危險(xiǎn)，特別是對(duì)兒童而言。Re-applysunscreeneverytwohours,especiallyifyouhavebeenswimming.每?jī)蓚€(gè)小時(shí)重新涂一次防曬油，尤其是在游泳的時(shí)候。Thecommitteeisconcernedaboutplayers'behavior,especiallyarguingwithreferees委員會(huì)很關(guān)注運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，特別是與裁判爭(zhēng)吵的行為。Manywomen,especiallyastheygetolder,developlumpyveinsintheirlegs.許多婦女，尤其是年紀(jì)大了以后，腿上會(huì)現(xiàn)出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。Theringwasspeciallymadef