2019年專業(yè)英語四級（TEM4）考試真題一、PARTⅠDICTATIONSLANGWeoftenuseslangexpressionswhenwetalkbecausetheyaresovividandcolorful.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________音頻__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（SLANGWeoftenuseslangexpressionswhenwetalkbecausetheyaresovividandcolorful.①However,theyareusually

outofplaceinformalwritingbecauseofanumberofdrawbacks.②Theygooutofdatequicklyandbecometiresomeif

usedtoomuch.③Andtheymaycommunicateclearlytosomereadersbutnottoothers.④Ingeneral,weshouldavoid

theuseofslanginourwriting.）【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評】

（1）句①中，drawback意為“缺點(diǎn)”，注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

（2）句②中，tiresome意為“令人厭煩的”；聽音時(shí)需注意used為過去分詞形式。

（3）句③中，And首字母要大寫。

（4）句④中，Ingeneral與主句之間要用逗號隔開。二、PARTⅡLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION三、SECTIONATALKRevisionofEssayDraftsTheinitialrevisionshouldfocusontheessayasawhole.

Thefirststep:（1）________

?

theroughdraft

——containingtoolittleortoomuchmaterial

——discussingthingsunrelatedto（2）________

?

howtorevise

——provide（3）________toconvinceyourreaders

——eliminateunrelatedmaterial

Thesecondstep:revisefororganization

?

groupsimilarideasintheproperorder

?

produceanoutlinefromthedrafttocheck（4）________

Thethirdstep:reviseforlength

?

mindthestatedlength

?

stickto（5）________

Revisefor（6）________oftheessay

?

（7）________bybreakingupsomelongersentences

?

useshortsentencestomakeimportantpoints

?

uselongsentencesto（8）________

?

eliminate（9）________expressions

?

usefreshandinterestingdescriptions

?

writewith（10）________asmuchaspossible

?

writeintheactivevoice音頻（1）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（reviseforcontent）（錄音提到“Inordertoanswerthesequestions,whatyouneedtodofirstistoreviseforcontent”，即修改論文首先要修改目錄。故本題填入reviseforcontent。）（2）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（（your）majorpoints）（錄音提到“...itmayhavediscussedthingsthatdonotcontributesignificantlytoyourmajorpoints”，即論文大綱可能會有很多與文章無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。故本題填入（your）majorpoints。）（3）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（sufficientevidence）（錄音提到“Yourreaderneedssufficientevidencetoacceptwhatyouaresaying...”，即讀者需要足夠的論據(jù)才會認(rèn)同你的觀點(diǎn)。故本題填入sufficientevidence。）（4）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（thelogic）（錄音提到“Ifyoufinditeasytoproduceanoutline...aclearlogictotheflowofthecontent”，即如果論文大綱在草稿中一目了然，就說明文章邏輯清晰。故本題填入thelogic。）（5）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（aself-imposedlimit）（錄音提到“Butevenifthereisnostatedlimit,oryouareallowedtowriteaslongasyoulike,pleaseadheretoaself-imposedlimit...”，即使論文不限長度，也要自己設(shè)定長度限制，如果沒有需要長篇大論才能解釋清楚的內(nèi)容，就一定要將論文限制在自己設(shè)定的長度以內(nèi)。故本題填入aself-imposedlimit。）（6）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（components）（錄音提到“Thenextstepistoreviseforcomponentsoftheessay,includingtheparagraphs,sentencesandindividualwords”，即下一步就是修改論文的各個組成部分，包括段落、句子和措辭。故本題填入components。）（7）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（providesentencevariety）（錄音提到“Well,Isuggestyouavoidthisbybreakingupsomeofthelongersentencestoprovidevariety”，即建議我們拆分長難句，使句式多樣化。故本題填入providesentencevariety。）（8）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（explaincomplexideas）（錄音提到“Useshortsentencestomakeimportantpoints,andlongsentencestoexplaincomplexideas”，即用短句闡述重點(diǎn)，用長句解釋復(fù)雜的觀點(diǎn)。故本題填入explaincomplexideas。）（9）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（impreciseorwordy）（錄音提到“Fordiction,averyimportanttipistoeliminateimpreciseorwordylanguage”，即刪去模棱兩可或冗長的話。故本題填入impreciseorwordy。）（10）__________________________________________________________________________________________

正確答案：（nounsandverbs）（錄音提到“Trytowriteasmuchaspossiblewithnounsandverbs...”，即盡量多使用名詞和動詞。故本題填入nounsandverbs。）【錄音原文】RevisionofEssayDraftsGoodmorning,everyone.Intoday‘slecture,I'mgoingtotalkabouthowtoreviseessaydraftsandgiveyousometipsaswell.

Theinitialrevisionshould,ofcourse,focusontheessayasawhole.You‘daskyourself—DoIreachmywriting

objective?Doesmyessaydirectlyanswerthequestion?Ismymainideaclear?[1]Inordertoanswerthesequestions,whatyouneedtodofirstistoreviseforcontent.Thetypicalroughdraftmayhavetoolittleandtoomuchcontent,allat

thesametime.Itwillhavetouchedthesurfaceofsomeportionsoftheessay,withoutprovidingadequateexplanationor

convincingdetail.[2]Atthesametime,itmayhavediscussedthingsthatdonotcontributesignificantlytoyourmajor

points.So,whatisagoodessaythen?Agoodessayeliminatesirrelevantmaterialwhileincludingalltheinformation

necessarytoyourmainpoint.[3]Yourreaderneedssufficientevidencetoacceptwhatyouaresaying,soyouhaveto

makesureyouhaveadequatelydevelopedandsupportedyourmainidea.Contentthatisunrelatedtothemainidea

shouldbeeliminated.Then,whatisthesecondstepinrevision?Thatisrevisefororganization.Awell-organizedessaywillgroupsimilar

ideastogetherandputthemintheproperorder.[4]Ifyoufinditeasytoproduceanoutlinefromyourdraft,thismeans

thatthereisaclearlogictotheflowofthecontent,andyoucanbereasonablycertainthatyouhaveawell-orderedessay.Otherwise,reorderyourcontent.Thethirdstepyouareadvisedtotakeistoreviseforlength.Isyouressayapproximatelytherightlength?Ifitis

substantiallylongerthanthestatedlimit,youhavetoconsiderreducingthesupportingmaterial.[5]Butevenifthereisno

statedlimit,oryouareallowedtowriteaslongasyoulike,pleaseadheretoaself-imposedlimitand,unlessaddressinga

topicthatneedslengthyexplanation,sticktoit.ThestepsIhavementionedsofaractuallyrefertorevisionofanessayasawhole.[6]Thenextstepistorevisefor

componentsoftheessay,includingtheparagraphs,sentencesandindividualwords.Youmayask,howamIgoingto

reviseparagraphs?Well,I‘dsayaparagraphisnotarbitrarilyformed.Itshouldrevolvearoundanidea,atheme.Letme

tellyouonewaytoreviseparagraphs.Isolateaparagraphatatimeandmakesureitrunssmoothlyandisnotmerelya

bunchofunrelatedstatementsputtogether.Asforrevisionofsentencesandwords,mostessaywriterspileononelongsentenceafteranother.[7]Well,I

suggestyouavoidthisbybreakingupsomeofthelongersentencestoprovidevariety.[8]Useshortsentencestomake

importantpoints,andlongsentencestoexplaincomplexideas.Alsotrytouseavarietyofsentencestructurestomaintain

readerinterest.Eliminatesentencesthatsoundawkwardwhenreadaloud.[9]Fordiction,averyimportanttipistoeliminateimpreciseorwordylanguage.Forexample,use“although”insteadof“despitethefactthat”.Trytoaddvigortoyourwritingbyremovingclichésandusefreshandinteresting

descriptions.[10]Trytowriteasmuchaspossiblewithnounsandverbs,ratherthanprimarilywithadjectivesthatslow

thepaceandreduceimpact.Similarly,writeintheactive,notthepassivevoice.Now,letmejustrepeatwhatIhavesaidtoday.Revisionisimportant.Whenyoureviseyourdraftasawhole,pay

attentiontocontent,organizationandlength.But,don‘tforgettoreviseyouressayindetail.Revisionofsentencesand

wordscanalsomaketheessaymoreinterestingtoreaders.四、SECTIONBCONVERSATIONSConversationOne

Questions1to5arebasedonConversationOne.音頻（1）.

A.Writer.

B.Wells.

C.WriterWells.

√

D.SusanWriterWells.細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中男士提到女士的名字是SusanWriterWells。其中，Susan是名，WriterWells是姓。故選C。（2）.

A.Shewasacareerwoman.

B.Shewasthenafeminist.

√

C.Shedidn‘tlikehermaidenname.

D.Shetookherhusband‘ssurname.細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中女士提到“Youknowmymomwasafeminist...”，可知Susan的媽媽是女權(quán)主義者。故選B。（3）.

A.Shenamedherselfafterherprofession.

√

B.Shenamedherselfafterherhometown.

C.Shenamedherselfafteradayoftheweek.

D.Shenamedherselfafterthesculptor.細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中女士提到“Andbecausemymomwasajournalist,shedecidedtocallherselfCindyWriter”，可知，Susan的母親當(dāng)時(shí)是記者，所以選擇了Writer，也就是自己的職業(yè)作為姓氏。故選A。（4）.

A.Itgiveswomengreaterequality.

B.Itisagoodsolutiontoanoldproblem.

C.Theproblemtroublingfeministsstillremains.

√

D.Thesurnameproblemhaspartlybeensolved.推斷題。當(dāng)討論到意大利的孩子仍然使用父姓時(shí)，男士說到“wearebacktotheoldproblem...Themenwinoutagain”，即男性仍然是勝出者，老問題仍然存在。由此可知，讓女權(quán)主義者困擾的問題依然存在。故選C。（5）.

A.HistoryofsurnamesinAmerica.

B.Feministmovementinthe1960s.

C.TraditionalsurnamesinEurope.

D.Reasonsforinventingsurnames.

√主旨題。對話開頭男士說女士的名字聽起來像編的，女士承認(rèn)確實(shí)是這樣，并指出在20世紀(jì)60年代，很多女性想擺脫男性的束縛，拒絕使用父姓，并自編姓氏。女士提到，自己的母親當(dāng)時(shí)是一位記者，于是以職業(yè)為姓。很多其他的女權(quán)主義者會根據(jù)自己的職業(yè)、出生地或是一個星期中的某一天來選擇姓氏。而對話中女士自己的姓氏是由父親和母親的姓氏合在一起組成的。因此本段對話的主題就是自選姓氏。故選D。【錄音原文】

M:Helloandwelcometotoday‘sprogram.I‘mJames.

W:AndI‘mSusan.

M:Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutfamilynames.Susan,I‘veoftenwonderedwhyyou‘vegotadouble-barrelled

surname.Imean,youareAmerican,andIthoughtitwasonlyusBritswhowentforthingslikethat.[1]SusanWriter

Wells,itsoundsalmostinvented,doesn‘tit?

W:Well,you‘reactuallynotfaroffthemark.[2]Youknowmymomwasafeminist,don‘tyou?

M:Really?Ineverknewthat.Well,goonthen.

W:Yeah.Well,hermaidennamewasMorse.Andatthattime,I‘mtalkingaboutthelate1960s,womenlikemymom

werereallytryingtoliberatethemselvesfrommalebondage,astheycalledit.So,someofthembeganrejecting

theirfather‘ssurnameanddecidedtoinventtheirownsurnameinstead.[3]Andbecausemymomwasajournalist,shedecidedtocallherselfCindyWriter.

M:CindyWriter.Well,whowouldhaveguessed?

W:Actually,otherfeministsnamethemselvesafterthetownwheretheywereborn,likethesculptorJudyBoston.Some

evencalledthemselvesafteradayoftheweek.

M:Oh,yes.Wasn‘ttheresomeonecalledVictoriaFriday?Ormaybeshe‘sgotnothingtodowithit.Butyourmomwasn‘tsomuchofafeministthatshedidn‘tgetmarried,wasshe?

W:No.Buttheproblemthenwaswhattocallherselforratherherchildren.Anyway,alotofpeopleofhergeneration

simplydecidedtoaddtheirhusbands‘nametotheirown.Mydad‘scalledPaulWells,soI‘mSusanWriterWells.

M:Sowhatwouldhappenifyou,SusanWriterWells,meetsomeguywho‘scalledPeterPainterJones?Doyouthen

becomeSusanWriterWellsPainterJones?Bitofamouthful,isn‘tit?

W:Nocomment.IthinkthemostsensiblethingtodoistodowhattheydoincountrieslikeItaly.

M:Whatdoyoumean?

??????W:Well,overtherethewomankeepshermaidennameprettymuchforallpurposes,likebankaccounts,identitycards,andthemanobviouslykeepshisname.

M:Whataboutthechildrenthen?

W:Well,theykeeptheirfather‘sname.

M:[4]So,wearebacktotheoldproblem,aren‘twe?Themenwinoutagain?

W:Yeah,butonesolutioncouldbeforthesonstokeeptheirfathers‘nameandthedaughtertheirmothers‘.

M:Well,thatmightbeagoodidea.

W:OK.That‘stheendoftoday‘sprogram.Don‘tforgettojoinusagainsoon.

1.Whatisthewoman‘sfamilyname?

2.Whydidhermotherrejecthermaidenname?

3.Howdidhermotherinventanewsurname?

4.WhatdoesthemanthinkofthepracticeinItaly?

5.Whatistheprogrammainlyabout?ConversationTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo.音頻（1）.

A.Areporterfromaweeklyprogram.

B.Anexecutivedirectorfromacompany.

C.Aguestonaweeklyprogram.

√

D.AmagazineeditorfromSanDiego.推斷題。對話開頭男士提到“Welcometoourweeklyprogram...Here‘sJanetSmith,seniordirectorfromDOSExecutiveSearchFirminSanDiego”，可以推斷，男士正在錄制一檔每周一期的節(jié)目，而女士JanetSmith是這期節(jié)目的嘉賓。故選C。（2）.

A.Topreparealistofthingsthatyouhavedone.

B.Toletyourbossknowthatyouwantapayrise.

C.Toleteverybodyknowyourachievement.

D.Toshamelesslypromoteyourselftoyourboss.

√細(xì)節(jié)題。男士問女士怎樣可以加薪，女士回答了他，之后男士總結(jié)說“So,youhavetoshamelesslypromoteyourselfthen”，即那就必須得厚著臉皮推銷自己了。故選D。（3）.

A.Becausethebosshasthedataonyourwork.

B.Becauseyouwillbegivenmoreworktodo.

C.Becauseitisunprofessionaltodoso.

D.Becauseothersmaylosetrustinyou.

√細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中女士提到“So,thesecondpointisdon‘toverstate,becauseifyoulie,youarereallygoingtolosealotofcredibilityonthethingsthatyouactuallydiddowell”，即不要夸大事實(shí)，如果謊言被拆穿，則容易失去別人對你的信任。故選D。（4）.

A.Wecouldearnpraisefromourboss.

B.Wemayforgetthegoodthingswe‘vedon正確答案:E

C.Thingschangequicklyinworksituations.

D.Thebosswillreviewourperformancedata.細(xì)節(jié)題。女士給出的第三條建議是提前想一想。當(dāng)男士詢問原因時(shí)，女士回答道“Alotofpeopleforgetthethingsthatthey‘vedonethataregood”，即因?yàn)楹芏嗳藭涀约阂郧俺錾臉I(yè)績。故選B。（5）.

A.Websites.

√

B.Radioprograms.

C.Researchreports.

D.Governmentdocuments.細(xì)節(jié)題。女士給出的最后一條建議是“Youcanresearchcompetitivewagesforyour,ur,particularjobateithersalary.com,salaryexpert.comorbls.gov.”，即在網(wǎng)上查詢一下自己從事職業(yè)的薪水情況。故選A?！句浺粼摹?/p>

M:[6]Welcometoourweeklyprogram.Well,ifyouwanttogetaraiseatwork,butyoujustdon‘tnextguesthassomehelpfultipsonhowtoraiseyourpaybyhelpingyounegotiatewiththeboss.[6]Here‘sJanetknowhowtoask,our

Smith,seniordirectorfromDOSExecutiveSearchFirminSanDiego.Hi,Janet.Howdowegetaraise?

W:Well,wefoundinourreportthattherearereallyfourthingsthatyoucoulddo.[7]Thefirststepwasmakingsure

yourbossknewwhatyouareupto.Hecan‘tseeeverything.Andyouhavetomakesureheknowsyou‘rehere

contributingtothebottomline.

M:Well,thatcouldbebragging,though.[7]So,youhavetoshamelesslypromoteyourselfthen.

W:Maybenotshame-free,youdon‘twanttoberude.Buteverynowandagain,ifyoudidsomethingthat‘sreallynoteworthy,letthemknow,ortogetpraisedfromsomebodyelse.

M:So,shouldyoujustputtogetheralistofthingsyou‘vedoneandhandittoyourboss?

W:Itdoesn‘twork,becausethebossgenerallyhasthedatatocheckuponyou.[8]So,thesecondpointisdon‘t

overstate,becauseifyoulie,youarereallygoingtolosealotofcredibilityonthethingsthatyouactuallydiddowell.M:Right.Definitely.

W:OK.So,whatyouwanttodoistopointoutsomeofthethingsthatyou‘vedone,butbehonestaboutit,andonlytakecreditwherecreditisdue.

M:That‘scorrect.

W:Andthird,youmaythinkahead.

M:Whatdoyoumeanbythat?

W:[9]Alotofpeopleforgetthethingsthatthey‘vedonethataregood,sooneofthethingsthatwefoundwasthatit

wasreallyhelpfulifyoukeptadiaryofthethingsthatyou‘vedonethatworkextraordinary.Andthencomewith

reviewtime,you‘reprepared,andyoureallyshouldbepreparingabout,youknow,threemonthsinadvancetowin

yourperformancetributes.

M:That‘sagoodidea.Allright,thenwhat‘sthelastpoint?

W:[10]Thelastpointistogoonline.Youcanresearchcompetitivewagesforyour,ur,particularjobateithersalary.com,salaryexpert.comorbls.gov.Sothat‘ssomeofmyadvice.Andhopefullypeoplewillcheckitout.

M:Yeah,IthinkIwanttogoseemyboss.

W:Yes,youcan,butgetprepared.

M:OK.Janet,thankyouforjoiningus.Weappreciateit.

W:Thankyouverymuch.

6.WhoisJanetSmith?

7.WhatisthefirsttipfromJanet?

8.Whyisitabadideatooverstatewhatyouhavedone?

9.WhyshouldwethinkaheadaccordingtoJanet?

10.Wherecanwecheckcompetitivewages?五、PARTⅢLANGUAGEUSAGE2.Movingfrombeginningtoendbyorderoftime,narrationreliesonamorenaturalpatternoforganizationthan________.

A.willothertypesofwriting

B.doothertypesofwriting

C.onothertypesofwriting

D.othertypesofwriting

√句意：記敘文按照前后時(shí)間順序描寫，比其他文體更依賴于自然的組織模式。此處將narration和橫線進(jìn)行比較，因此橫線處應(yīng)與narration保持成分一致，即只需填名詞或名詞短語。故D為正確答案。3.________theattemptedrescuemission,thehostagesmightstillbealive.

A.Ifitnothadbeenfor

B.Ifhaditnotbeenfor

C.Haditnotbeenfor

√

D.Hadnotitbeenfor句意：要不是因?yàn)閲L試進(jìn)行救援，人質(zhì)可能還活著。主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反，因此從句要使用過去完成時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為Ifithadnotbeenfor，也可省略If，使用部分倒裝，即Haditnotbeenfor...，意為“要不是...”。故C為正確答案。4.MembersoftheParliamentwerepoised________aheadwithabilltoapproveconstructionoftheoilpipeline.

A.tomove

√

B.moving

C.tomoving

D.atmoving句意：議員們準(zhǔn)備推進(jìn)一項(xiàng)批準(zhǔn)石油管道建設(shè)的法案。bepoisedtodosth.為固定搭配，意為“準(zhǔn)備做某事”。故A為正確答案。5.Writersoftencouplednarrationwithothertechniquestodevelopideasandsupportopinionsthatotherwise________abstract,unclear,orunconvincing.

A.mayremain

B.couldremain

C.musthaveremained

D.mighthaveremained

√句意：作家們總是將敘述與其他技巧結(jié)合起來，以發(fā)展思想并支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，否則，這些觀點(diǎn)可能仍然是抽象的、不清楚的或者無法令人信服的。此處otherwise引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，因此應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣。由coupled可知，本句是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，則謂語使用would/should/could/mighthavedone。故D為正確答案。6.Protocolwas________enabledhimtomakedifficultdecisionswithouteverlookingback.

A.who

B.what

√

C.which

D.that句意：協(xié)議書使他不用回頭就能做出十分艱難的決定。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，表語從句中缺少主語。who可以作主語，但指人，而本題主句為物，故可排除。which引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，一般作賓語，故可排除。that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，不作任何成分，故可排除。what可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，且在句中作主語。故B為正確答案。7.Thewomanhadpersuadedhimtodo________hewashirednevertodo—revealthecombinationforthelockontheentrance.

A.onething

B.suchonething

C.anyonething

D.theonething

√句意：那個女人說服他做了一件他受雇永遠(yuǎn)不要做的事——透露門鎖的密碼。根據(jù)句意，“女士說服他做了一件事”，要用onething。根據(jù)定語從句，“這件事情是別人雇用他永遠(yuǎn)不要做的”屬于特指，因此onething之前還要加上定冠詞the。故D為正確答案。8.Thebadnewswasthathecouldbeaverydangerousperson________hechoosetobe.

A.should

√

B.could

C.might

D.must句意：壞消息是，如果他愿意，他可能會是一個非常危險(xiǎn)的人。此處hecouldbeaverydangerousperson為虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此橫線處要填可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣的詞，故排除must。由于虛擬條件句使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只有should符合要求。故A為正確答案。9.“Ifnotus,who?Ifnotnow,when?”These-twoquestionsareusedasa________.

A.signofanger

B.callforaction

√

C.refusaltochange

D.denialofcommitment句意：“我們不做，誰來做？現(xiàn)在不行動，何時(shí)行動？”這兩個問題被用來呼吁行動。callforaction號召行動。signofanger憤怒的跡象。refusaltochange拒絕改變。denialofcommitment拒絕承諾。故B為正確答案。10.Whatisthefunctionofthepresentprogressivein“Theyarealwayscallingmebythewrongname”?

A.Toexpressunfavorablefeelings

√

B.Toalleviateunnecessaryhostility

C.Toindicateuncertainty.

D.Todramatizeafact.句意：在“他們總是叫錯我的名字”這句話中，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的功能是什么？當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always、continually、constantly、forever等副詞連用時(shí)，表示重復(fù)的動作，表示不滿或滿意。因此，此處現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)了說話人對別人總是把自己名字叫錯的不滿。故A為正確答案。11.“HarrywascompelledtoresignandtocomedowntoLondon,wherehesetupasanarmycoach.”Therelativeclauseinthesentenceservesto________.

A.supplyadditionalinformationaboutLondon

B.describetheantecedent“London”

C.putrestrictionsontheidentityofHarry

D.narrateasequentialactiontakenbyHarry

√句意：在“哈利被迫辭職后來到倫敦，在那里，他成為了一名軍隊(duì)教練?！边@句話中，定語從句的作用是什么？where引導(dǎo)的定語從句描述了哈利到達(dá)倫敦之后的動作，但沒有提供更多關(guān)于倫敦的信息，沒有描述先行詞London，也沒有限定哈利的身份。故D為正確答案。12.Agroup________casinoshasurgedofficialsnottograntalicensetoafacilityinthecity.

A.opposedto

√

B.objectedto

C.posedagainst

D.protestedagainst句意：反對開賭場的人們強(qiáng)烈要求官員不要給這個城市的賭博設(shè)施發(fā)放許可證。beopposedto為固定搭配，作group的后置定語，符合句意。objectedto與protestedagainst均為動詞短語，與主語Agroup之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動形式。posedagainst為錯誤搭配，即可排除B、C、D項(xiàng)。故A為正確答案。13.Afterthewar,heworkedonanislandinthePacific,helpingthenativesandmedical________understandeachother‘sbehaviorandcultures.

A.faculty

B.persons

C.members

D.personnel

√句意：戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，他在太平洋的一個島上工作，幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝撕歪t(yī)務(wù)人員了解彼此的行為和文化。medicalpersonnel為固定搭配，意為“醫(yī)務(wù)人員”。故D為正確答案。14.Thesubjectofmannersiscomplex.Ifitwerenot,therewouldnotbesomany________feelingsandsomuchmisunderstandingininternationalcommunication.

A.injurious

B.injured

√

C.injuring

D.injury句意：禮儀是十分復(fù)雜的，否則在國際交流中就不會有那么多感情上的傷害和誤解了。此處需要填形容詞來修飾feelings，且feelings與“傷害”為被動關(guān)系，故injured符合題意。injurious有害的。injury為名詞。故B為正確答案。15.ToillustratethelimitsofFirstAmendmentfreespeech,manyhavenotedthattheConstitutiondoesnotgiveyoutherighttofalsely________“Fire！”

inacrowdedtheater.

A.yelp

B.yank

C.yell

√

D.yield句意：為了論證第一修正案言論自由的局限性，許多人指出憲法并沒有賦予你權(quán)利，在擁擠的劇院里大聲呼喊，謊稱“著火了”。yell呼喊，大叫。yelp（因疼痛等）尖叫。yank猛拉。yield生產(chǎn)；屈服。故C為正確答案。16.Thecompanyannouncedthatithasachieveditsmissiontocreatealocalfoodeconomythatis________toanyenvironment.

A.adoptable

B.amendable

C.alterable

D.adaptable

√句意：該公司宣布已經(jīng)完成了自己的使命，創(chuàng)立了個可以適應(yīng)任何環(huán)境的地方食品經(jīng)濟(jì)。adaptable有適應(yīng)能力的，能適應(yīng)的。adoptable可采用的；可收養(yǎng)的。amendable可修正的。alterable可改變的。故D為正確答案。17.AlthoughPattersonacknowledgesthedisappointingseasonhehadwiththeVikings,hehasnosecond________abouthowhewentabouthisbusiness.

A.thoughts

√

B.opinions

C.concerns

D.reasons句意：雖然帕特森承認(rèn)他在維京人隊(duì)度過了一個令人失望的賽季，但他對自己的職業(yè)生涯并沒有其他想法。havesecondthoughts為固定搭配，意為“（重新考慮后）改變主意”。secondopinion（由另一位專家提出的）第二意見。C、D項(xiàng)均為錯誤搭配。故A為正確答案。18.Electroniccigarettesshouldbesubject________thesametaxesandlimitationsonpublicuseastraditionaltobaccoproducts.

A.about

B.at

C.to

√

D.on句意：電子香煙應(yīng)該和傳統(tǒng)煙草產(chǎn)品一樣納稅，并同樣限制其在公共區(qū)域的使用。besubjectto為固定搭配，意為“使經(jīng)受，使遭受”。故C為正確答案。19.FCBarcelona,________themosticonicclubinworldsoccer,beatManchesterUnited2-0toclaimtheUEFAChampionsLeaguetitle.

A.controversially

B.arguably

√

C.debatably

D.finally句意：巴塞羅那以2:0擊敗曼聯(lián)，奪得了歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽的冠軍，可以說是世界足球史上最具標(biāo)志性的俱樂部。arguably可以說，可論證地。controversially引起爭論地。debatably可爭辯地，有爭議地。finally最終。故B為正確答案。20.Thestoresellsliquidvitamins________designedforchildrenunder3.

A.explicitly

B.specially

C.speculatively

D.specifically

√句意：這家商店出售專為3歲以下兒童設(shè)計(jì)的液態(tài)維生素。specifically特定地，專門地。explicitly明白地，明確地。specially尤其，特別。speculatively思索地；投機(jī)地。故D為正確答案。21.Thethreelaw________officersontheplanecametotherescueofafellowpassengerwhowasallegedlytryingtokillherself.

A.enforcement

√

B.reinforcement

C.imposition

D.coercion句意：飛機(jī)上的三名執(zhí)法人員拯救了一名據(jù)稱企圖自的乘客。lawenforcementofficer為固定搭配，意

為“執(zhí)法人員”。reinforcement援軍；加強(qiáng)。imposition頒布；（新稅的）征收。coercion強(qiáng)迫，脅迫。故A為正確答案。六、PARTⅣCLOZEA.daydream

B.disagreement

C.factually

D.if

E.inevitable

F.inseparable

G.lays

H.making

I.perspective

J.resides

K.that

L.thinking

M.thoughtfully

N.ultimately

O.wakeTosomethinkers,itismachinesandtheirdevelopmentthatdriveeconomicandculturalchange.Thisideaisreferred

toastechnologicaldeterminism.CertainlytherecanbenodoubtthatmachinescontributedtotheProtestantReformation

andthedeclineoftheCatholicChurch‘spowerinEuropeor【A1】________televisionhaschangedthewayfamilymembers

interact.Thosewhobelieveintechnologicaldeterminismwouldarguethatthesechangesintheculturallandscapewerethe

【A2】________resultofnewtechnology.Butothersseetechnologyasmoreneutralandclaimthatthewaypeopleusetechnologyiswhatgivesitsignificance.

This【A3】________acceptstechnologyasoneofmanyfactorsthatshapeeconomicandculturalchange;technology‘s

influenceis【A4】________determinedbyhowmuchpoweritisgivenbythepeopleandculturesthatuseit.This【A5】________aboutthepoweroftechnologyisattheheartofthecontroversysurroundingthenewcommunication

technologies.Arewemoreorlesspowerlessinthe【A6】________ofadvancessuchastheInternet,theWorldWideWeb,and

instantglobalaudioandvisualcommunication?Ifweareatthemercyoftechnology,theculturethatsurroundsuswillnot

beofour【A7】________,andthebestwecanhopetodoismakeourwayreasonablywellinaworldoutsideourowncontrol.

Butifthesetechnologiesareindeedneutralandtheirpower【A8】________inhowwechoosetousethem,wecanutilizethem

responsiblyand【A9】________toconstructandmaintainwhateverkindofculturewewant.Asfilmdirectorandtechnophile

SteveSpielbergexplained,“Technologycanbeourbestfriend,andtechnologycanalsobethebiggestpartypooperofour

lives.Itinterruptsourownstory,interruptsourabilitytohaveathoughtor【A10】________,toimaginesomethingwonderful.”（1）.【A1】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：K）that。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的句子與or之前的that所引導(dǎo)的從句為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，空格處也應(yīng)填入一個能夠引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞。由于or前后兩個句子并列，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)保持一致，故填that。（2）.【A2】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：E）inevitable。空格前為定冠詞the，空格后為名詞result。因此，空格處需填入形容詞修飾后面的名詞。根據(jù)句意，這里表示“那些相信技術(shù)決定論的人會爭辯說文化景觀的改變是新技術(shù)的必然結(jié)果”，故填inevitable，意為“不可避免的，必然的”。（3）.【A3】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：I）perspective。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為句子的主語，空格前為指示代詞This，指代前一句提到的觀點(diǎn)，故填perspective。（4）.【A4】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：N）ultimately。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾后面的過去分詞determined。因此，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。本句意為“科技的影響力最終取決于人類和文化”，故填ultimately，意為“最后，最終”。（5）.【A5】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：B）disagreement。由于空格處為句子的主語，且空格前為指示代詞This，故應(yīng)填入名詞來充當(dāng)主語。此處意為“這種關(guān)于技術(shù)力量的分歧是新通信技術(shù)爭論的核心”，故填disagreement，意為“分歧；不一致”。（6）.【A6】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：O）wake。inthewakeofsth.為固定搭配，意為“隨...之后而來”，此處意為“隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、萬維網(wǎng)和即時(shí)全球音視頻交流等科技的進(jìn)步，我們是不是變得有些無能為力了？”，故填wake。（7）.【A7】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：H）making。空格前為形容詞性物主代詞，因此，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。本句意為“假如我們?nèi)慰萍紨[布，那么周圍的文化就不再由我們自己創(chuàng)造”，故填making。（8）.【A8】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：J）resides。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處由and連接兩個并列分句，空格處缺第二個分句的謂語部分。因此，空格處需填入動詞，且與第一個分句時(shí)態(tài)一致。本句意為“如果科技是中立的，而且科技的力量由人們使用它方式來決定”。故填resides，residein意為“在于，由...造成”。（9）.【A9】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：M）thoughtfully。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處與副詞responsibly并列，共同修飾謂語utilize。因此，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。本句意為“如果科技是中立的，而且科技的力量由人們使用它方式來決定，人們就能負(fù)責(zé)任地且深思熟慮地使用科技，就能構(gòu)建、維護(hù)我們想要的文化”，故填thoughtfully，意為“深思熟慮地”。（10）.【A10】填空項(xiàng)1:__________________

（正確答案：A）daydream。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處與athought并列，作have的賓語。因此，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。此處意在表達(dá)“科技可以成為我們最好的朋友，也可能是我們生活中最讓人煩惱的東西。它會擾亂我們的生活，打斷我們的思考和幻想，讓我們無法繼續(xù)奇思妙想”。故填daydream，意為“白日夢；幻想”?！救姆g】

對一些思想家來說，推動經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化變革的是機(jī)器及其發(fā)展。這個觀點(diǎn)被稱為技術(shù)決定論。當(dāng)然，不可否認(rèn)，機(jī)器導(dǎo)致了新教改革和歐洲天主教的衰落，電視也改變了家庭成員之間的互動方式。那些相信技術(shù)決定論的人會認(rèn)為，這些文化景觀的變化是新技術(shù)帶來的必然結(jié)果。

但也有人認(rèn)為科技是中立的，并聲稱是人類使用科技的方式使科技具有了重要意義。這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為科技是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化變化的因素之一；科技的影響力最終取決于使用它的人類和文化賦予它多大權(quán)力。

這種關(guān)于科技力量的分歧是圍繞新通信技術(shù)的爭議的核心。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、萬維網(wǎng)和即時(shí)全球音視頻交流等科技的進(jìn)步，我們是不是變得有些無能為力了？如果我們?nèi)斡煽萍紨[布，那么我們周圍的文化將不再由我們自己創(chuàng)造，等待我們的最好的結(jié)果就是在一個我們無法控制的世界中盡可能走好自己的路。但是，如果這些科技是中立的，并且科技的力量由人們使用科技的方式來決定，我們就能負(fù)責(zé)任地、深思熟慮地使用科技，就能構(gòu)建并維護(hù)我們想要的文化。正如電影導(dǎo)演、科技愛好者史蒂夫·斯皮爾伯格所解釋的那樣，“科技可以成為我們最好的朋