九年級(jí)英語間接引語練習(xí)與講解在英語語法體系中，間接引語（IndirectSpeech）是傳遞他人話語的核心表達(dá)方式。它與直接引語（DirectSpeech）的本質(zhì)區(qū)別在于：直接引語用引號(hào)保留說話者原句，而間接引語通過賓語從句或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容，需根據(jù)語境調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、語序等要素。掌握間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則，是提升語言輸出靈活性的關(guān)鍵，也是九年級(jí)英語語法的核心考點(diǎn)之一。一、不同句型的間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則1.陳述句的間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語為陳述句時(shí)，間接引語通常由that引導(dǎo)（口語中*that*可省略），需同步調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示詞（如*this→that*、*here→there*等）。示例：直接引語：*Hesaid,"IaminterestedinEnglish."*間接引語：*Hesaid(that)hewasinterestedinEnglish.*邏輯解析：原句的第一人稱*I*隨主句主語*he*變?yōu)?he*；原句的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)*am*因主句為過去時(shí)*said*，“后退”為一般過去時(shí)*was*。2.疑問句的間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換疑問句分為一般疑問句和特殊疑問句，轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則略有不同：一般疑問句：需用if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句語序改為陳述語序（即“主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)）。示例：直接引語：*Sheasked,"Doyoulikereading?"*間接引語：*Sheaskedif/whetherIlikedreading.*特殊疑問句：保留原句的疑問詞（*what/where/when*等）引導(dǎo)從句，同時(shí)將從句語序改為陳述語序。示例：直接引語：*Heasked,"Whattimeisit?"*間接引語：*Heaskedwhattimeitwas.*3.祈使句的間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換祈使句表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求等語氣，轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)需將原句動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)化為“ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)；若原句為否定祈使句，則在*to*前加not。示例：肯定祈使句：*Theteachersaid,"Handinyourhomework."*間接引語：*Theteachertoldustohandinourhomework.*否定祈使句：*Themothersaid,"Don'tplaywithfire."*間接引語：*Themothertoldthechildnottoplaywithfire.*二、時(shí)態(tài)與人稱的變化規(guī)則1.時(shí)態(tài)的“后退”規(guī)則當(dāng)主句謂語為過去時(shí)態(tài)（如*said/told/asked*等）時(shí)，間接引語的從句時(shí)態(tài)需“后退”一級(jí)，具體對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下：直接引語時(shí)態(tài)間接引語時(shí)態(tài)示例（直接→間接）------------------------------------------------------------------------一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)*Iknow*→*Hesaidheknew*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)*Iamwriting*→*Hesaidhewaswriting*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)*Ihavefinished*→*Hesaidhehadfinished*一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)*Imether*→*Hesaidhehadmether*過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（不變）*Ihadleft*→*Hesaidhehadleft*一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)（*would+do*）*Iwillgo*→*Hesaidhewouldgo*例外情況：若直接引語表述客觀真理、永恒事實(shí)（如自然規(guī)律、名言等），時(shí)態(tài)無需后退。示例：*Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."*間接引語：*Theteachersaid(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.*2.人稱的“隨主隨賓”規(guī)則人稱變化遵循“一隨主，二隨賓，三不變”的原則：第一人稱（*I/we*）：隨主句主語的人稱變化；第二人稱（*you*）：隨主句賓語的人稱變化；第三人稱（*he/she/they*等）：保持不變。示例：直接引語：*Shesaid,"Icansolvetheproblem."*（一隨主）間接引語：*Shesaid(that)shecouldsolvetheproblem.*直接引語：*Hesaidtome,"Youshouldstudyhard."*（二隨賓）間接引語：*HetoldmethatIshouldstudyhard.*直接引語：*Theysaid,"Heisakindboy."*（三不變）間接引語：*Theysaid(that)hewasakindboy.*三、實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（附解析）1.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（將直接引語改為間接引語）①*Hesaid,"Iwillvisitmygrandparentstomorrow."*解析：主句為過去時(shí)（*said*），時(shí)態(tài)后退（*will→would*）；人稱*I*隨主變?yōu)?he*；時(shí)間狀語*tomorrow*改為*thenextday*。答案：*Hesaid(that)hewouldvisithisgrandparentsthenextday.*②*Thegirlasked,"Canyouhelpme?"*解析：一般疑問句，用*if*引導(dǎo)；語序改為陳述語序；人稱*you*隨賓（*me→I*）變?yōu)?I*；時(shí)態(tài)后退（*can→could*）。答案：*ThegirlaskedifIcouldhelpher.*③*Thebossordered,"Don'tbelateagain."*解析：否定祈使句，用*“ordersb.nottodo”*結(jié)構(gòu)；原句無明確賓語，根據(jù)語境補(bǔ)充*them*。答案：*Thebossorderedthemnottobelateagain.*2.選擇題（考查時(shí)態(tài)與人稱變化）()1.Shesaid,"Iamastudent."→Shesaidthat______astudent.A.IamB.sheisC.shewasD.Iwas解析：“一隨主”（*I→she*），時(shí)態(tài)后退（*am→was*）。答案：C()2.Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→Heaskedwhere______.A.doyouliveB.youliveC.didyouliveD.youlived解析：特殊疑問句變間接引語，語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序；時(shí)態(tài)后退（*do→did*錯(cuò)誤，原句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后退為一般過去時(shí)，故*live→lived*）。答案：D四、總結(jié)與注意事項(xiàng)掌握間接引語的核心在于“語境驅(qū)動(dòng)變化”：根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)判斷從句時(shí)態(tài)是否后退，根據(jù)主句的“主/賓”關(guān)系調(diào)整人稱，根據(jù)句型選擇引導(dǎo)詞（*that/if/whether/疑問詞*）或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。練習(xí)時(shí)需注意：1.指示詞（*this/that,here/there,now/then*等）需同步