高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1貴州省貴陽市2025-2026學年高三上學期開學摸底考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AJoinusonSeptember27,2025from6p.m.to8p.m.foranexcitingopeningreceptionofournewexhibitsatArtWorks.Meetthetalentedartists,andenjoylivemusic,anddrinkssponsoredbyRVAThrivingArtists.Thiseventisfreeandopentothepublic.Convenientandfreeparkingisavailable.TheexhibitswillcontinuethroughOctober19,2025.LightEntwinedbyRichardHardingDiscoverthefascinatinginterplayoflightandtextureinRichardHarding’sLightEntwined.Thisexhibitfeaturessoftsculpturesmadefromthread,twine,andrope,showcasingvesselscontaininglight,skeletalstructurescastingshadows,andreflectivematerials.Inspiredbynature,theorganicformsofHarding’sworkblendbasketryandpottery,invitingviewerstoexploretheintegrationoflightandshadowinhisinnovativefiberarts.NightLifebyRobertPfeiferRobertPfeifer’sexhibitexplorestheexcitingworldofnight,capturingitsuniquecombinationofcolor,light,andhumanexperiences.Throughhisartwork,herevealsthehiddenbeautyandlifethatflourishinthedark.Thisshowcelebratesthetransformativepowerofnight,invitingviewerstoappreciatethemagicoftheworldafterdusk.HiddenPiecesbyCorinneSchofieldHiddenPiecesisanattractivecollectionthatweavesafamiliarthreadthroughCorinneSchofield’sartisticjourney.Theseworksexplorethedelightfuldanceoforganicmovement,inspiredbythegentleflowoffloweringpetals.Throughabstractformsandasinglecolorpalette(調(diào)色板),eachpiececapturesnature’sdelicateessence,drawingviewersintothequietyetsignificantattractionofsimplicity’sbeauty.CaglaKurtulus’sRecentWorkCaglaKurtulus,onceapioneeringfashionmodelandfounderofTurkey’sfirstmodelingagencies,isacelebratedartistwhoseworkreflectsalifelongdedicationtocreativityandculturalexpression.Sinceshiftingtoherartisticcareerin2000,shehasshowcasedherworkinnumerousexhibitionsandcontinuestocreateinherKemerburgazstudio,contributingsignificantlytocontemporaryTurkishart.1.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhibits?A.Theychargeentrancefees. B.Theyofferconvenientparking.C.Theyarespeciallyopentotheartists. D.TheywillstartonOctober19,2025.2.WhatisthethemeofRobertPfeifer’sartwork?A.Daytimemagic. B.Humanevents. C.Nighttimebeauty. D.Lightchanges.3.Whousedtobeafashionmodel?A.RichardHarding. B.RobertPfeifer. C.CorinneSchofield. D.CaglaKurtulus.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了2025年9月27日至10月19日在ArtWorks舉辦的新展覽開幕式信息及理查德·哈丁等四位藝術家的展覽內(nèi)容?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thiseventisfreeandopentothepublic.Convenientandfreeparkingisavailable.TheexhibitswillcontinuethroughOctober19,2025.(此次活動免費向公眾開放。提供便捷的免費停車位。展覽將持續(xù)至2025年10月19日)”可知，展覽提供便捷的停車服務，且免費開放、對公眾開放、9月27日開始，A、C、D項均錯誤。故選B項。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NightLifebyRobertPfeifer部分中的“RobertPfeifer’sexhibitexplorestheexcitingworldofnight,capturingitsuniquecombinationofcolor,light,andhumanexperiences.Throughhisartwork,herevealsthehiddenbeautyandlifethatflourishinthedark.Thisshowcelebratesthetransformativepowerofnight,invitingviewerstoappreciatethemagicoftheworldafterdusk.(羅伯特·費弗的展覽探索了令人興奮的夜晚世界，捕捉了夜晚獨特的色彩、光線與人類經(jīng)歷的融合。通過他的作品，他展現(xiàn)了在黑暗中綻放的隱秘之美與生機。這場展覽贊頌夜晚的變革力量，邀請觀眾欣賞黃昏后世界的魔力)”可知，羅伯特·費弗作品的主題是夜晚的美。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CaglaKurtulus’sRecentWork部分中的“CaglaKurtulus,onceapioneeringfashionmodelandfounderofTurkey’sfirstmodelingagencies,isacelebratedartistwhoseworkreflectsalifelongdedicationtocreativityandculturalexpression.(恰拉·庫爾特盧斯曾是一位開創(chuàng)性的時裝模特，也是土耳其第一家模特經(jīng)紀公司的創(chuàng)始人，她是一位著名的藝術家，其作品體現(xiàn)了對創(chuàng)造力和文化表達的畢生奉獻)”可知，恰拉·庫爾特盧斯曾是時裝模特。故選D項。BIinitiallybecameaSpanishteachernotoutofpassionbutnecessity—likemanyintheirtwenties,stuckinaquarter-lifecrisis,tryingtofindawaytomakesomeextramoney.That’showonemorningIfoundmyselfdownloadingalanguageapp,creatingaprofile,andrecordinganintroductionvideohopingtoconvincepotentialstudentstobookatriallessonwithme.Despitewatchingtutorials(教程)onlineforonlysevenhours,Ipretendedtobeaqualifiedteacher.Butontheotherside,myfirststudent,Robert—anAmericanlivinginMedellin,Spain—changedeverything.Hewasn’ttryingtomastergrammarorspeakperfecttextbookSpanish.Hewantedtoimprovehisfluencyandlearnthelocalpaisaslang,sohecouldunderstandthepeopleinthestreetstands,thebakeryguy,theladysellingcoffee.Irememberourfirstclassvividly.Iexplainedthedifferencebetweenarolo,acaleno,orasamario,whichledtodiscussionsaboutregionalaccents,wordmeanings,andhoweverythingchangesdependingonwhosaysitandhow.RobertalsosharedhislifeinOhio,experiencesinLatinAmerica,andhisrelationshipwithfoodandpeople.OurSpanishclassesturnedintoasortofculturallab.Inthatback-and-forthofideas,weunknowinglystartedbuildingbridges.Ithitmethatteachingalanguagegoesfarbeyondteachinggrammar.It’saboutopeningthedoortoanewworldandinvitingsomeoneelsetowalkthroughit.Inowbelievelanguageteachingisapowerfultoolforbuildingbridgesacrossculturesandforrevealingstereotypesthatdivideus.Inaglobalizedworld,languageteachersareperhaps—agentsofchangeandsocialtransformation,sharingculturethroughlivedexperiences.4.Whydidtheauthordownloadalanguageapp?A.Tobookatriallesson. B.Towatchtutorialsonline.C.Tolearnanewlanguage. D.Toearnadditionalincome.5.WhatisRobert’sgoalintakingtheauthor’slesson?A.SpeakingperfecttextbookSpanish. B.MakingfriendslivinginMedellin.C.Understandingthelocalsaccurately. D.AcquiringSpanishgrammarrules.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sfirstclasswithRobert?A.Organizedandvivid. B.Interactiveandpractical.C.Seriousandformal. D.Academicandinspiring.7.Whatisalanguageteachersupposedtodoatpresent?A.Strengthenstereotypes. B.Evaluateunknownideas.C.Fosterculturalexchanges. D.Learnfromexperiences.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者最初因謀生成為西班牙語老師，在與學生羅伯特的教學互動中，領悟到語言教學對跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意義?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“IinitiallybecameaSpanishteachernotoutofpassionbutnecessity—likemanyintheirtwenties,stuckinaquarter-lifecrisis,tryingtofindawaytomakesomeextramoney.(我最初成為一名西班牙語老師，并非出于熱愛，而是出于需要——就像許多二十多歲陷入人生危機的人一樣，我想找個辦法多賺點錢)”以及第二段中的“That’showonemorningIfoundmyselfdownloadingalanguageapp,creatingaprofile,andrecordinganintroductionvideohopingtoconvincepotentialstudentstobookatriallessonwithme.(就這樣，一天早上，我開始下載一個語言應用程序，創(chuàng)建個人資料，錄制介紹視頻，希望能說服潛在學生預訂我的試聽課)”可知，作者下載語言應用程序是為了吸引學生、賺取額外收入。故選D項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hewasn’ttryingtomastergrammarorspeakperfecttextbookSpanish.Hewantedtoimprovehisfluencyandlearnthelocalpaisaslang,sohecouldunderstandthepeopleinthestreetstands,thebakeryguy,theladysellingcoffee.(他并非想掌握語法或說一口完美的課本式西班牙語。他想提高自己的語言流利度，學習當?shù)氐膒aisa俚語，這樣就能聽懂街頭小攤的商販、面包店老板和賣咖啡的女士在說什么)”可知，羅伯特上課的目標是準確理解當?shù)厝说脑捳Z。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iexplainedthedifferencebetweenarolo,acaleno,orasamario,whichledtodiscussionsaboutregionalaccents,wordmeanings,andhoweverythingchangesdependingonwhosaysitandhow.RobertalsosharedhislifeinOhio,experiencesinLatinAmerica,andhisrelationshipwithfoodandpeople.(我解釋了rolo、caleno和samario之間的區(qū)別，這引發(fā)了關于地區(qū)口音、詞義以及語言表達如何因說話人不同而變化的討論。羅伯特也分享了他在俄亥俄州的生活、在拉丁美洲的經(jīng)歷，以及他與食物和人的關聯(lián))”可知，課堂上作者講解語言知識，學生分享生活，有問有答、互動頻繁，且內(nèi)容圍繞實用的俚語和日常交流展開，因此“互動性強且實用”最能描述這堂課。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inowbelievelanguageteachingisapowerfultoolforbuildingbridgesacrossculturesandforrevealingstereotypesthatdivideus.Inaglobalizedworld,languageteachersareperhapsagentsofchangeandsocialtransformation,sharingculturethroughlivedexperiences.(我現(xiàn)在認為，語言教學是搭建跨文化橋梁、打破分隔我們的刻板印象的有力工具。在全球化的世界里，語言教師或許是變革和社會轉型的推動者，通過真實經(jīng)歷分享文化)”可知，如今語言教師應該促進文化交流。故選C項。CWomeneatingalonereceivepity—andfreechampagne(香檳酒).Butthere’snothingtopity,ortopraise,inawoman’sbasicexistence.Ieataloneatrestaurants—andIdoitalot.Thisusuallyseemstomakepeoplearoundmeuncomfortable.Recently,Iwenttoarestaurantfordinnerandmistakenlybookedatablefortwoinsteadofone.ThechefworkingthatnightsawmeandcametosayhowsorryshewasthatIhad,inhermind,beenabandonedfortheevening.BeforeIcouldcorrecther,shegavemeanextradessertformysadness.I’veneverbeenafraidtoeatalone.Womendon’tneedencouragementtoliveanindependentlife.Itisuncomfortabletobetreatedlikeasad,lostlambjustbecausesomeonehasnotaccompaniedmeoutside.Itisneitherbravenorsadforawomantodinealone.Inthe19thcentury,somehotelsreservedseparatediningroomscalled“l(fā)adies’ordinaries”forwomendiningalone.Intothe20thcentury,womencouldberefusedserviceatpubsorhoteleatingroomswithoutamale.Changewasslowtocome.Somerestaurantsmaintaineddifferentformsofmen-onlypolicies.In1969,BettyFriedanandsomeotherwomenstormedtheOakRoominthePlazaHoteltodemandthatwomenbeallowedinduringthemale-onlylunchhours.Therestaurantsoonchangeditspolicy—andtheagitation(騷動)inspiredawaveofprotestsatotherrestaurantsacrossthecountry.In1970,afederalsuitandanewlawrequiredNewYorkCity’soldestsaloontoabandonits116-yearbanonwomen.Thesocialstereotypearoundwomendiningaloneseemstotellus:menoccupythepublicandwomentheprivate.Diningalonehopefullypushesagainstthatviewoftheworldandexpandsthesocialimaginationonwomen’sautonomy.Thepeoplewhoofferfreedrinksaren’tcruel,ofcourse.Quitetheopposite:Thosearegenerousandfriendlyones.Butfriendlyornot,it’spartofwrongunderstanding.AndwhenI’meatingalone.Idon’twanttobeasymbol.I’mjusttheretoreadmybook,haveamiddlingsteakanddrinkmyfreechampagneinpeace.8.Whydidthechefgiveadesserttotheauthor?A.Thechefwantedtomakeherstaylonger.B.Thechefwronglyarrangedatablefortwo.C.Thechefshowedhersympathyfortheauthor.D.Thechefhadtohavetheauthoreatingalone.9.Whatcausedwomentofightagainstthepolicies?A.Theywantedtohaveseparaterooms.B.Theywerenottreatedequallyasmen.C.Theyhopedtomanagethoserestaurants.D.Theywereinspiredbypreviousprotests.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwomendiningalone?A.Itrequiresmorepublicattention. B.Itpreventswomenfromtheworld.C.Itneedsbraveryandencouragement. D.Itraisesawarenessofwomen’sright.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.DiningAlone:aPityforWomen? B.ShouldWomenEmbracePrivacy?C.Women:HowtoSayNoatRestaurant? D.DoEatingHabitsChangeWomen’sLife?【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了女性獨自用餐時遭遇的特殊對待，回顧女性為爭取平等用餐權利的抗爭，并表達女性獨自用餐無需同情、實則關乎自主權的觀點?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThechefworkingthatnightsawmeandcametosayhowsorryshewasthatIhad,inhermind,beenabandonedfortheevening.BeforeIcouldcorrecther,shegavemeanextradessertformysadness.(當晚工作的廚師看到我，過來表示她很遺憾，在她看來，我當晚是被拋棄了。我還沒來得及糾正她，她就給了我一份額外的甜點，以慰藉我的“悲傷”)”可知，廚師誤以為作者被拋棄而獨自用餐，出于同情給了作者甜點。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Intothe20thcentury,womencouldberefusedserviceatpubsorhoteleatingroomswithoutamale.Changewasslowtocome.Somerestaurantsmaintaineddifferentformsofmen-onlypolicies.(進入20世紀，女性若沒有男性陪同，在酒吧或酒店餐廳可能會被拒絕提供服務。變革來得很緩慢。一些餐廳仍維持著各種形式的“僅限男性”政策)”可知，女性因受到與男性不平等的對待（無男性陪同被拒服務、面臨僅限男性的政策），才發(fā)起抗爭反對這些不公平政策。故選B項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Diningalonehopefullypushesagainstthatviewoftheworldandexpandsthesocialimaginationonwomen’sautonomy.(獨自用餐有望對抗這種世界觀，并拓展社會對女性自主權的認知)”可知，作者認為女性獨自用餐能夠提升人們對女性自主權（屬于女性權利范疇）的認知，即喚起對女性權利的意識。故選D項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其第一段“Womeneatingalonereceivepity—andfreechampagne(香檳酒).Butthere’snothingtopity,ortopraise,inawoman’sbasicexistence.(獨自用餐的女性會得到他人的同情，甚至免費的香檳。但女性的正常生活狀態(tài)，本就無需同情，也無需刻意稱贊)”以及下文介紹的作者自身經(jīng)歷、女性爭取平等用餐權利的歷史及對女性獨自用餐的看法可知，本文主要探討的是“女性獨自用餐是否值得同情”這一話題。由此可知，“DiningAlone:aPityforWomen?(獨自用餐：女性值得同情嗎？)”概括了文章主題，最適合作為文章標題。故選A項。DRecentheadlineshaveraisedconcernsaboutmicroplasticsinourbodiesandtheharmtheymaybedoing.“Theairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,thefoodweeat—it’sinit,”saidRichardThompson,amarinebiologistattheUniversityofPlymouth.Microplasticsmostlycomefromlargerplastics,whichdegrade(降解)withuseorwhentheyaren’tdisposedofproperly.Thesemicroplasticsendupinourair,soil,waterandfood.Thewearandtearonourcartires,forexample,producesparticlesthatpollutetheairandwater.Humansbreatheintheseparticles—andharmfulchemicalswithinthem.Microplasticshavebeenfoundinhumanstool(糞便)andurine.Somestudieshavesuggestedthattheplasticnotexcretedinwasteappearstopassoutofthegutandintotheblood,andfromtherecanmigratetootherorgansliketheliverandbrain.Animalstudiesindicatethatmicroplasticscanalsoaffectlungandgutfunctioningandmayincreasetheriskforlungandcoloncancer.Oneofthemosteffectivestepsmightsimplybenotdrinkingfromplasticwaterbottles,especiallyifthey’vebeensittingoutinthesun.Anotheristoavoidheatingfoodinplasticcontainers.Expertsrecommendedswitchingtoglassorsteelcontainersforfoodstorage.Eatingmorefreshfruitsandvegetablescanhelp,too.Regularlyvacuumingyourhouseandusinganairpurifiercanreducetheamountofmicroplastics.Thesemeasureshavelimitations,however.Plasticiswidespreadandoftenthemostaffordableoption.“Itshouldn’tallbeontheconsumertohavetomakethosechoices,”saidChristyTyler,aprofessorofenvironmentalscienceattheRochesterInstituteofTechnology.Experts,includingTyler,saidgovernmentswouldhavetoregulateandreducenonessentialplasticstostopthataccumulation.Somealreadyhave.TheUnitedStatesandEuropebannedtheuseofmicrobeads(微珠)inmakeup,forexample,andseveralU.S.statesarephasingoutStyrofoaminfoodpackaging.And175countrieshaveagreedtocreateaUnitedNationstreatytoendplasticpollution.Comparedto20yearsago,Dr.Thompsonsaid,there’snow“apublicappetite”forchange.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutmicroplastics?A.Theyproduceparticlesintotheair. B.Theyarefromfoodanddrinks.C.Theycanbedegradedproperly. D.Theymaycausehealthproblems.13.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“excreted”underlinedinparagraph3?A.added B.released C.created D.controlled14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Approachestokeepinghealthy. B.Effectivestepsforheatingfood.C.Measuresforusingplasticdevice. D.Waysofavoidingmicroplastics.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromChristyTyler’swords?A.Consumersareblamedforspreadingplastics.B.Governmentsshouldfinepeopleforusingplastics.C.Governmentsareresponsibleforreducingplastics.D.Consumersneedtopayattentiontoplasticpollution.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹微塑料的來源、對人體健康的潛在危害，以及個人和政府應對微塑料污染的措施與現(xiàn)狀?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Animalstudiesindicatethatmicroplasticscanalsoaffectlungandgutfunctioningandmayincreasetheriskforlungandcoloncancer.(動物研究表明，微塑料還會影響肺和腸道功能，并可能增加患肺癌和結腸癌的風險)”可知，微塑料可能會引發(fā)健康問題。故選D項?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somestudieshavesuggestedthattheplasticnotexcretedinwasteappearstopassoutofthegutandintotheblood,andfromtherecanmigratetootherorgansliketheliverandbrain.(一些研究表明，未在排泄物中排出的塑料似乎會從腸道進入血液，然后從血液遷移到肝臟和大腦等其他器官)”可知，“notexcretedinwaste”與“passoutofthegutandintotheblood”形成對比，即未隨排泄物排出的塑料會進入血液，“excreted”意為“排出、釋放”，與“released”含義一致。故選B項?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Oneofthemosteffectivestepsmightsimplybenotdrinkingfromplasticwaterbottles,especiallyifthey’vebeensittingoutinthesun.Anotheristoavoidheatingfoodinplasticcontainers.Expertsrecommendedswitchingtoglassorsteelcontainersforfoodstorage.Eatingmorefreshfruitsandvegetablescanhelp,too.Regularlyvacuumingyourhouseandusinganairpurifiercanreducetheamountofmicroplastics.(最有效的措施之一或許很簡單，就是不喝塑料瓶裝水，尤其是那些在陽光下暴曬過的塑料瓶。另一個措施是避免用塑料容器加熱食物。專家建議改用玻璃或不銹鋼容器儲存食物。多吃新鮮水果和蔬菜也會有幫助。定期用吸塵器打掃房間并使用空氣凈化器，同樣能減少微塑料的數(shù)量)”可知，第四段主要介紹了避免或減少接觸微塑料的幾種方法。故選D項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的““Itshouldn’tallbeontheconsumertohavetomakethosechoices,”saidChristyTyler,aprofessorofenvironmentalscienceattheRochesterInstituteofTechnology.(羅切斯特理工學院環(huán)境科學教授克里斯蒂·泰勒說：“不應該讓消費者獨自承擔做出這些選擇的全部責任?！?”以及第六段中的“Experts,includingTyler,saidgovernmentswouldhavetoregulateandreducenonessentialplasticstostopthataccumulation.(包括泰勒在內(nèi)的專家表示，政府必須監(jiān)管并減少非必需塑料的使用，以阻止其堆積)”可知，泰勒認為減少塑料使用不應只依賴消費者，政府也應承擔責任。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thereisaverythinlinebetweenmotivationandmanipulation(操縱),anditiseasytogetconfusedbetweenthesetwobuttodaywewillbediscussingthemingreatdetail.Whatismotivation?____16____.Motivationoftencentersonaligning(結合)individualandteamgoalswiththeorganization’smissionandvalues.Motivationinvolvesencouragingindividualsorateamtowillinglypursueacommongoal.Inorderfortheemployeestobemotivated,aleadermustcombinepersonalgoalswithorganizationalgoals.Motivationisn’tsomethingjustboundtoleadersoraworkplace,butitissomethingthatispresentinallofus.____17____.Theremustalwaysbeareasontodosomethinginlife.Thatnudgeiscalledmotivation.____18____.Accordingtomyexperiences,“Manipulationisinfluencingotherswhenwewantthemtodosomethingandonlywebenefitfromtheiractions”.Allofusarevulnerable(脆弱的)atsomepointinourlives,andmanipulatorsseethisasthegoldentimetostrike.Ifyourbossorsomeoneelseatyourworkplaceisamanipulator,thenknowthattheywilltargetyouwhenyouareatthelowestpointinyourlife.____19____.Therearedifferenttypesofleadershipstyles.____20____.Successfulleadersaimtomotivatetheirteammembersbyfosteringapositiveworkenvironment.Leadersthatmanipulatewillalwaysavoidresponsibility.Maybetheydidn’tprovidetheexactworkdetailsandthatmadeyoufailatatask,orsomethingelse.A.SomemanipulatewhilesomemotivateB.LeadersrecognizeandrewardteammembersC.Ourparents,friends,andeveryonemotivateusD.ManipulationistheexactoppositeofmotivationE.MotivationoriginatesintheheartofthemotivatedF.MotivationcomesfromtheinnerselfoftheleaderG.Ifyousharetoomuchwiththem,theywilluseitagainstyou【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.G20.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了動機與操縱的區(qū)別，分別闡述了動機的定義、存在場景，操縱的含義、特點及不同領導風格下的動機與操縱行為。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whatismotivation?(什么是動機？)”以及下文“Motivationoftencentersonaligning(結合)individualandteamgoalswiththeorganization’smissionandvalues.Motivationinvolvesencouragingindividualsorateamtowillinglypursueacommongoal.(動機通常側重于將個人和團隊目標與組織的使命和價值觀相結合。動機包括鼓勵個人或團隊自愿追求一個共同的目標)”可知，此處應回答“動機是什么”，且需體現(xiàn)動機的核心特征，E選項“Motivationoriginatesintheheartofthemotivated(動機源于被激勵者的內(nèi)心)”直接回應“什么是動機”的問題，“originatesintheheart”與下文“willinglypursue(自愿追求)”相呼應，符合語境。故選E項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Motivationisn’tsomethingjustboundtoleadersoraworkplace,butitissomethingthatispresentinallofus.(動機不僅僅局限于領導者或工作場所，而是存在于我們每個人身上)”可知，此處應舉例說明動機在非工作場景中的存在，C選項“Ourparents,friends,andeveryonemotivateus(我們的父母、朋友以及每一個人都在激勵我們)”中的“parents,friends”對應上文“notboundtoleadersoraworkplace”，舉例說明身邊人的激勵，符合語境。故選C項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Accordingtomyexperiences,“Manipulationisinfluencingotherswhenwewantthemtodosomethingandonlywebenefitfromtheiractions”.(根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗，“操縱是當我們想讓別人做某事，且只有我們能從他們的行為中獲益時，去影響他們”)”可知，上文已介紹“動機”，此處應轉向介紹“操縱”，且體現(xiàn)兩者的關聯(lián)，D選項“Manipulationistheexactoppositeofmotivation(操縱與動機完全相反)”既引出“操縱”這一話題，又通過“opposite”暗示兩者的對比關系，承接上文對動機的介紹，引出下文對操縱的定義，符合語境。故選D項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ifyourbossorsomeoneelseatyourworkplaceisamanipulator,thenknowthattheywilltargetyouwhenyouareatthelowestpointinyourlife.(如果你的老板或工作場所的其他人是操縱者，那么要知道他們會在你人生最低谷時把你作為目標)”可知，此處應說明操縱者在你低谷時會如何對你，G選項“Ifyousharetoomuchwiththem,theywilluseitagainstyou(如果你和他們分享太多，他們會用這些來對付你)”中的“them”指代上文“manipulator”，“useitagainstyou”具體說明操縱者的行為，符合“低谷時被針對”的語境，銜接緊密。故選G項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Therearedifferenttypesofleadershipstyles.(有不同類型的領導風格)”以及下文“Successfulleadersaimtomotivatetheirteammembersbyfosteringapositiveworkenvironment.Leadersthatmanipulatewillalwaysavoidresponsibility.(成功的領導者旨在通過營造積極的工作環(huán)境來激勵團隊成員。操縱型的領導者總是會逃避責任)”可知，此處應說明領導風格與“激勵”和“操縱”的關聯(lián)，A選項“Somemanipulatewhilesomemotivate(有些領導操縱他人，而有些領導激勵他人)”中的“some...whilesome...”對應上文“differenttypesofleadershipstyles”，且引出下文對“激勵型領導”和“操縱型領導”的分別介紹，符合語境。故選A項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Theapartmentdoor,carpetedbythefire’sheat,trappeda10-year-oldboyinsmokeandflames.Atawindow15metershigh,hecried,____21____onthickblacksmoke.Fireraged(肆虐)onthebalcony,spreading____22____throughtheneighborhood.Severalmentriedtoforcetheboys’doorbutitdidn’twork.Thentheyraceddownstairs.Soon,agroupofpeoplegatheredbelow.Despite____23____toeachother,theyunitedforonepurpose.“Jump!”theyshouted,____24____theboytotrustthem.“It’sbettertobreakabonethanto____25____,”

onevoiceyelled.Theboy____26____,staringattheground.Behindhim,thebalconywasburningso____27____.Then,heclimbedontothewindowsill,hislegstrembling.“Helookeddown,checkingwewereready,”onerescuerlater____28____.Astheboycrashedthroughtheair,thegroupquicklyformeda____29____madebypeople.Somebracedtheirchestsandotherslockedarms,whiletherestsupportedfrombehind.Theimpactfromdroppingmadethemcollapsetotheground,buttheboywas_____30_____.“Helandeddirectlyinourarms,”saidone,hisvoiceshaking.“Amiracle—he’ssafe,”anotherpersonweptin_____31_____.Theseindividualsfromvariousbackgroundshadbeengoingabout_____32_____lives—shopping,meetingfamily,workingwhenscreamsdrewthemtogether.Inminutes,human_____33_____overcamefear.Theybecameahumannetforachildthey’dnevermetbefore.“Noneofusthoughttwice,”onesaid.“Whenyouseeachildindanger,you_____34_____.”Andduringthatprocess,strangersbecameheroes,anda_____35_____momentbecameastoryofhope.21.A.walking B.choking C.thinking D.searching22.A.confidence B.curiosity C.silence D.panic23.A.strangers B.friends C.relatives D.colleagues24.A.warning B.forbidding C.urging D.ordering25.A.bargain B.burn C.rest D.shout26.A.agreed B.regretted C.relaxed D.hesitated27.A.slowly B.gradually C.fiercely D.weakly28.A.recalled B.required C.denied D.imagined29.A.net B.circle C.passage D.shape30.A.touched B.unharmed C.injured D.unfastened31.A.secret B.sorrow C.relief D.fear32.A.ordinary B.leisurely C.special D.adventurous33.A.body B.society C.nature D.right34.A.letgo B.backdown C.givein D.takeaction35.A.hopeful B.desperate C.perfect D.temporary【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B31.C32.A33.C34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了火災中眾人合力搭建人網(wǎng)救下被困男孩，展現(xiàn)陌生人的善意與勇氣。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在15米高的窗戶邊，他哭喊著，被濃濃的黑煙嗆到。A.walking走路；B.choking嗆住；C.thinking思考；D.searching搜尋。根據(jù)上文“Theapartmentdoor,carpetedbythefire’sheat,trappeda10-year-oldboyinsmokeandflames.”以及下文的“thickblacksmoke”可知，男孩身處大火的濃煙中，會被黑煙嗆到。故選B項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：陽臺上火勢肆虐，恐慌在社區(qū)里蔓延。A.confidence自信；B.curiosity好奇；C.silence沉默；D.panic恐慌。根據(jù)上文“Fireraged(肆虐)onthebalcony”可知，火勢肆虐會引發(fā)恐慌。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管彼此是陌生人，但他們?yōu)榱艘粋€目標團結起來。A.strangers陌生人；B.friends朋友；C.relatives親戚；D.colleagues同事。根據(jù)下文“Theseindividualsfromvariousbackgrounds”及“strangersbecameheroes”可知，他們是陌生人。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“跳！”他們大喊，催促男孩相信他們。A.warning警告；B.forbidding禁止；C.urging催促；D.ordering命令。根據(jù)上文“theyunitedforonepurpose.“Jump!”theyshouted”可知，眾人喊“跳”是為了催促男孩逃生。故選C項。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“骨折總比被燒死好，”一個聲音喊道。A.bargain討價還價；B.burn燃燒、燒死；C.rest休息；D.shout大喊。根據(jù)上文“Fireragedonthebalcony”可知，男孩面臨被火燒的危險，此處對比“骨折”與“被燒死”。故選B項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：男孩猶豫著，盯著地面。A.agreed同意；B.regretted后悔；C.relaxed放松；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)下文的“staringattheground”及“Then,heclimbedontothewindowsill,hislegstrembling.”可知，男孩一開始沒跳，處于猶豫狀態(tài)。故選D項?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在他身后，陽臺燒得很猛烈。A.slowly緩慢地；B.gradually逐漸地；C.fiercely猛烈地；D.weakly虛弱地。根據(jù)上文的“Fireragedonthebalcony”可知，火勢肆虐，燒得很猛烈。故選C項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“他往下看，確認我們準備好了，”一名救援者后來回憶道。A.recalled回憶；B.required要求；C.denied否認；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)語境和上文的“Helookeddown,checkingwewereready”可知，此處是救援者在事后講述當時的情況，即回憶。故選A項。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當男孩從空中墜落時，這群人迅速搭成了一個人制的網(wǎng)。A.net網(wǎng)；B.circle圓圈；C.passage通道；D.shape形狀。根據(jù)下文“Theybecameahumannetforachildthey’dnevermetbefore.”可知，眾人搭成的是人網(wǎng)。故選A項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：墜落的沖擊力讓他們倒在地上，但男孩安然無恙。A.touched受觸動的；B.unharmed無恙的；C.injured受傷的；D.unfastened未系牢的。根據(jù)下文的“Amiracle—he’ssafe”可知，男孩是安全的，即安然無恙。故選B項?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“奇跡——他安全了，”另一個人如釋重負地哭了。A.secret秘密；B.sorrow悲傷；C.relief解脫、輕松；D.fear恐懼。根據(jù)上文的“Amiracle—he’ssafe”可知，男孩安全，眾人應是松了口氣，inrelief意為“如釋重負地”。故選C項。【32題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些來自不同背景的人原本過著平凡的生活——購物、見家人、工作，直到尖叫聲把他們聚集在一起。A.ordinary平凡的；B.leisurely悠閑的；C.special特別的；D.adventurous冒險的。根據(jù)下文“shopping,meetingfamily,working”可知，這些都是平凡生活的場景。故選A項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘內(nèi)，人類的天性戰(zhàn)勝了恐懼。A.body身體；B.society社會；C.nature天性、本性；D.right權利。根據(jù)語境以及下文的“Theybecameahumannetforachildthey’dnevermetbefore.”可知，眾人不顧恐懼，在短短幾分鐘內(nèi)，結成人網(wǎng)救人，是出于善良的天性。故選C項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當你看到孩子處于危險中時，你就會采取行動。A.letgo放手；B.backdown退縮；C.givein屈服；D.takeaction采取行動。根據(jù)上文眾人救人的行為及“Noneofusthoughttwice”可知，看到孩子遇險會采取行動。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個過程中，陌生人變成了英雄，一個絕望的時刻變成了希望的故事。A.hopeful有希望的；B.desperate絕望的；C.perfect完美的；D.temporary暫時的。根據(jù)上文“Atawindow15metershigh,hecried,________onthickblacksmoke.”可知，男孩被困火中，當時是絕望的時刻，與后文“storyofhope”形成對比。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Summer,formanyofus,meansmoretimeoutdoors,schoolvacationsandamorerelaxedatmosphere.Buttheseasonalso____36____(bring)extremeheatandseasonaldepression,whichcanbehardonourbrains.Daysandyearsofexposure____37____persistentheatcanhurttheheartandkidneys,disruptsleepandchallengeourmentalhealth.Toprotect____38____(you),youshouldgivetimetoadapttotheheatandstayhydrated(含水份的).Don’texerciseoutdoorsa