閱讀理解專題特訓16

A

（北京卷,B）

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（倉ij業(yè)者），whoinMayset

upherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywas

worthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreat

thatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.

ItallbeganwnenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Onthe

outing,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedher

thatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickof

missingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Why

can'tTmakeahealthycandythat?sgoodformyteethsothatmy

parentscan,tsaynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedher

dadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthat

shedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthier

candywouldcontain.

Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyears

researchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwas

bothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearn

moreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakinga

kindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoral

bacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoffthe

ground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusiness

meetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosell

Moore'sproduct一CanCandy.

AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore,scredibilityas

ayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshe

created,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemight

bring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroad

smile.

Meanwhile,withherparentsJhelp,Mooreisgenerallyableto

liveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearly

oninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantsto

useheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates

10%ofAilieCandy?sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentand

determination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAlice

Moore.

1.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.

C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

2.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeof

sweeteners.

C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Ttisproducedtoadentists,

recipe.

3.WhatdoesMooreeherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandy

companies.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMooreJsstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistobe

regardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Success

meansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.

B

（廣西桂林、百色、梧州、北海、崇左高三三模,D）

WhenemergencyworkersarriveatanoldfirehouseinNewYork

City,thewaytheygreeteachotherisnotwhatyoumight

expect.Thesefirstresponderssay,“NiHao!”“NiHao”means

“hello“inMandarinChinese.

Firstrespondersarethefirstemergencyworkerstoarriveat

afire,trafficaccidentorotheremergency.Somefirstresponders

arefirefighters,whileotherscanbeEmergencyMedical

Technicians.

InBrooklyn,NewYork,over20firstrespondersarestudying

MandarinChineseforabouttwohoursaweek.Theclassisthefirst

ofitskind.ItisofferedbytheNewYorkCityFireDepartment

Foundation.

TheU.S.CensusBureaurecentlyreportedthatsomeNewYork

neighborhoodsaremadeupmostlyofimmigrants.Somepeoplehave

predictedthattheChinesecommunityislikelytobecomeNewYork's

largestimmigrantgroup.Theythinkthecitywi11havethelargest

ChinesecommunityoutsideofAsia.

TheCensusBureaualsofoundthatalmost200languagesare

spokeninthecity.So,knowingdifferentlanguagesis

important,especiallyifyouareafirstresponder.

Lieutenant（中尉，少尉）SteveLeeispresidentoftheFire

DepartmentsPhoenixSociety.Hesaysrhatfirstrespondersmust

beabletocommunicatequicklyandeffectivelywhenanemergency

happens.Heexplainsthatfirstrespondersenterneighborhoodsand

communitiestoassistregardlessofwheretheyarefrom.Manytimes

firstrespondersdonotspeakthesamelanguageasthepeoplethey

arecalledtohelp.Headdsthatitisvital,orveryimportant,that

firstrespondersareabletocommunicatewiththepeoplecalling

forhelp.

Withouthelpfromhomeownersandothers,Leeadds,discovering

exactlywhereafireisburningcanbearealproblem.First

respondersneedtoaskquestionssuchas“Whatbuilding?\Vhat

address?Whatapartment?vAndthemostimportantquestion,“Is

thereanybodyleftinthebuildingandwhere?”

1.Whoarefirstrespondersaccordingtoparagraph2?

A.Peoplefirstlearningthedisaster.B.Peopleleading

theemergencyrescue.

C.Rescuersfirstreachingthescene.D.Peoplefirst

findthedisaster.

2.WhyarethefirstrespondersinNewYorkstudyingtheChinese

language?

A.ToshowrespecttotheChineseimmigrants.

B.TolearnaboutChineseculturesmuchbetter.

C.TomeettherapidgrowthofChinesepopulation.

D.TofindabetterjobintheChinesecommunity.

3.Whatdofirstrespondersconcernmost?

A.Theplacewherethefireoccurs.B.Thepeopletrappedinthe

fire.

C.Thelanguagetocommunicate.D.Thedistancecoveredtothe

fire.

4.WhatcanbeasuitabletitlefortheteustforEmergencyWorkers

B.NewYork,sEmergencyCrewsLearningMandarin

C.LanguageProblemsDisturbingFirstResponders'Work

D.ImportanceofLanguagesUsedintheEmergencyRescue

C

Anewstudyshowsthatwhenteachersparticipateinatraining

programfocusedonprosocial(親社會的)classroombehavior,their

studentsarebetterabletocontroltheiremotions,andthat

childrenwhocanregulateemotionsaremorelikelytobe

academicallysuccessful.

Forthestudy,whichappearsinPreventionScience,researchers

lookedatmorethan100teachersand1,817studentsfrom

kindergartentothirdgradetoseeifteacherscouldsupport

students'emotionalandbehavioralgrowththroughtheIncredible

YearsTeacherClassroomManagement(IYTCM)program.

Theprogramusesvideosandtrainingsessions,alongwith

role-playingandcoaching,tohelpteacherslearnmanagementskills

suchasusingbehavior-specificpraise,buildingpositive

relationshipswithstudents,andconsideringhowtoreducepoor

behavior.Teachersinthetraininggroupincreasedinteractions

withstudentsby64percentcomparedwith53percentforteachers

inthecontrolgroupwithoutthetraining.

uEmotionalregulationistheabilitytorecognizewhat

behaviorisappropriateinthepresentsituation,“saysWendy

Reinke,professorintheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityof

Missouri."Foreighthavedifficultycontrollingthefeelingof

angerifheorshebecomesannoyedwithanotherstudent.Butunder

thisprogram,theteacherencouragesthemtomovetoadifferentspot

intheclassroom,effectivelyteachingthemthatsometimesstepping

awayandtakingabreakisagoodwaytocalmdownandmanagethat

feeling.”

Afteroneschoolyearofusingtheprogramin

classrooms,studentsimprovedtheirsocialabilityandabilityto

regulatetheiremotions.Theseimprovementsresultedinanincrease

inthetestsforstudentsinIncredibleYearsclassrooms

vs.studentsincontrolclassrooms.Andthisclassroommanagement

approachcanhelpreducetheriskforstrugglinglearnersearly

on,whichcouldhelppreventmoreaccumulativesupportneedsina

child,sfuture.

1.WhatdotheteachersdointheIYTCMprogram?

A.Learnhowtoidentifypoorbehavior.

B.Offertheresearchersadviceonemotionalcontrol.

C.Takecareofkidsfromkindergartentothirdgrade.

D.Applydifferentwaystolearninghowtomanagekids.

2.WhatdoWendyReinke'swordssuggestinparagraph4?

A.Nowitishardforstudentstocontroltheiranger.

B.Acalmmannerisaneffectivewaytohandleproblems.

C.Fewcanrealizetheirbehaviorisunfitforasituation.

D.Theprogramwillshowhowtohandletroublesomekids.

3.Whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardsthetrainingprogram?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Subjective.

D.Indifferent.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Studyresultsoftheprogramareentirelyuneadvancesthe

students'academicperformance.

C.Studentsincontrolclassroomscanbettercontroltheiremotions.

D.Studentschangetheirbadbehaviorshortlythroughtheprogram.

D

（廣西高三三模,D）

Mangrovesaretreesthattypicallygrowinsaltwateralong

coasts.Butsomeredmangrovesendupdeepintherainforestsof

Mexico,sYucatanPeninsula.Theseplants1iveinfreshwateralong

theSanPedroMartirRiver.ThatJsnearly200kilometersfromthe

sea.Scientistswantedtoknowhowthesemangrovesgottrappedso

farinland.CarlosBurelowasamongthem.Hebecamecuriousabout

thesenicingrovesonachildhoodfishingtripthere35years

ago.Burelosawthattherootsofthemangrovesgrewabove

ground.Thiswasdifferentfromtheothertrees.

Burelo'steamfirstinvestigatedwherethefreshwater

mangrovescamefrom.Theystartedbycollectingtheirleavesand

thencomparedtheirDNAtotheleavesfromcoastalmangroveswhich

weregrowingalongtheGulfofMexico.TheDNAhelpedidentifythe

originsofthemangrovesontheSanPedroMartirRiver.Theyhad

startedalongtheGulfofMee170kilometersawayfromtheriver.The

teamdiscoveredotherevidencethatthisecosystemhadoncebeen

coastal.Theydiscovered112otherspeciesinthisregionthatare

typicallyfoundnearcoasts.

Theresearcherslookedatthesoiltoo."Thesesediments（沉

積物）nearthemangrovesrevealedexactlywhatweexpected,“said

ExequielEzcurra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Tn

all,theresearchersturnedupcoastalstones,shellsofseasnails

andclaysedimentsrichinshellfragments（碎片）.Theseledthe

researcherstoconcludetheareausedtobepartoftheoceanlong

ago.

Computermodelsofhowthesealevelhaschangedovertime

confirmedthosefindings.Themodelsshowedthatwhensealevels

werehigherinthepast,theoceanmergedwiththelowerbasinof

theSanPedroMartirRiver.Thatwouldhavebeenaround150,000to

130,000yearsago.Thispushedredmangrovesandotherspecies

inland.

“Thisdiscoveryhighlightshowchangestothepastclimate

haveaffectedtheworld,scoastlines,Ezcurrasaid."Italso

offersachancetobetterunderstandhowfuturesealevelrisemay

affecttheseecosystems.”

1.Whatmakesthemangrovesdifferentfromtheothertrees?

A.Theuniquegeographicallocation.B.Theunusualrootsofthe

mangroves.

C.Thewonderfulgrowthenvironment.D.Thespecialcareof

mankind.

2.Whatcanweinferaboutthefreshwatermangrovesandthecoastal

ones?

A.Theyhavedifferentorigins.B.Theyhavedifferentleaves.

C.TheyarecloseinDNA.D.Theybothhavemanyspecies.

3.Theunderlinedphraseumergedwith"inparagraph4hasthe

closestmeaningto"”.

A.developedfromB.changedintoC.brokedown

D.coiribinedwith

4.WhatcanweinferfromEzcurra,swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theclimatechangemayeventuallyaffectecosystem.

B.Thedecreaseofvegetationcausesthesealeveltorise.

C.Theclimatechangehaslittleeffectontheworld'scoastline.

D.Wehumansshouldreducemarineentertainment.

E

（廣西柳州高三三模）

Negativethinkingleadstonegativeconsequences.Sohowdowe

dealwiththatnegativejunkinourhead?Thewaysmaybevarious,but

theyallhaveoneideaincommon:1Externalfactorsinfluence

ourliestosomedegree,butitismostlyhowweinterpretexternal

factorsthathavethegreatestimpact.Hereiswhatwecando.

2Doyouwanttocatchacold?Staywithpeoplewithacold.I

amnotsurewhethertheadvicestands,butitispartlytrue.People

arelikelytohangaroundwithindividualswhoaresimilarto

themselves.Poorpeopleliketosurroundthemselveswithotherpoor

people,andrichpeoplewithotherrichpeople.Negativepeopleare

notoptimistic.Somakefriendswithpositivepeople.3

Acceptandmoveon.Expectingeverythingtobeperfectcanbe

disturbinganditrobsyouoftruehappiness,soaccepteverything

isnotsoperfect.Actuallyameaninglessthoughtisfullofjunk.

4Then,goaboutyournormaldayandoccupyyourmindwithan

activityyoulove.

Mindyourattitude.Itstartsthemomentyouwakeupinthe

morning.Askyourself:DoIwanttobehappyormiserable?5If

youintendtoholdcntoanegativeframeofmind,youareinevitably

choosingtobeunhappy.Ifyouwanttoachieveyourowninner

happinessyouarelikelytocultivateitthroughgoodanduplifting

thoughts.

A.Weareourownmasters.

B.Thechoiceyoumakedecides.

C.Youshouldletg。ofitconsciously.

D.Associatewithlike-mindedpeople.

E.First,finishtheassignmentwithoutanydelay.

F.Weprobablyreleaseourstressbytalkingtoothers.

G.Theyoftenmeltawayallthenegativityaroundthem.

參考答案

閱讀理解專題特訓16

A

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。艾麗斯?摩爾是一個青少年創(chuàng)業(yè)者,

她在建立了自己的公司，之后她致力于幫助其他人開心快樂地生活C

1.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第五句

"Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,'Whycan'tImakeahealthycand

y...'"可知，摩爾想找到一種兩全其美的方法。故選B項。

2.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句

uWithherdad,spermission,shespent...togetarecipethatwasbothtas

tyandtooth-friendly.可知，她所建立的公司生產(chǎn)的糖對孩子們的牙齒

有好處。故選A項。

3.B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句

"Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.”

可知,摩爾想利用自己的技能幫助其他人找到微笑。故選B項。

4.C解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,摩爾的成功源于她積極的想法和行

動。故選C項。

B

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一個特別的視角來說明紐

約的中國移民越來越多，導致救援人員都要開始學習中文，以便于在緊急

情況下可以和中國移民順利交流了解相關(guān)情況。

1.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句

^Firstrespondersarethefirstemergencyworkerstoarriveatafire,tra

fficaccidentorotheremergency.可知，到達現(xiàn)場的第一個救援人員是

應答者。故選C項。

2.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后兩句

^SomepeoplehavepredictedthattheChinesecommunityislikelytobecom

eNewYork,slargestimmigrantgroup.Theythinktheeitywillhavethelar

gestChinesecommunityoutsideofAsia.v可知，紐約最大的移民團體可能

是中國人,所以緊急情況之下第一個應答者要會講中文,這是為了滿足迅

速增加的這一移民團體的需要。故選C項。

3.B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句

^Andthemostimportantquestion,Isthereanybodyleftinthebuilding

andwhere?’"可知,救援人員最關(guān)注的是困在火災中的人們。故選B項。

4.B解析標題概括題。本文通過一個特別的視角來說明紐約的中國移民

越來越多，導致救援人員都要開始學習中文，以便于在緊急情況下可以和

中國移民順利交流了解相關(guān)情況。故選B項。

C

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個新的教師培訓項目。

參加了該項目的老師在教學過程中能更有效地幫助孩子控制他們的情緒。

1.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的

uTheprogramusesvideosandtrainingsessions,alongwithrole-playing

andcoaching,tohelpteacherslearnmanagementskills...”可矢U,該項目

使用視頻和培訓課程，以及角色扮演和指導,幫助教師學習管理技能。由此

可見,教師們在IYTCM項目中運用不同的方法學習如何管理孩子。故選D

項。

2.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的最后一句可知，老師鼓勵他們搬到

教室的另一個地方,有效地教他們有時候要走開,而且休息一下是一個讓

他們平靜下來并控制那種感覺的好方法。由止匕可見,冷靜的態(tài)度是解決問

題的有效方法。故選B項。

3.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文,尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知,他們的學生能

夠更好地控制自己的情緒，并且能夠調(diào)節(jié)情緒的孩子更有可能在學業(yè)上取

得成功。由此可見,作者對培訓項目的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項。

4.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的

“Theseimprovementsresultedinanincreaseinthetestsforstudentsini

ncredibleYearsclassroomsvs.studentsincontrolclassrooms.”可知，

這些改進導致了IncredibleYears教室中學生們的測試成績比在控制教

室里學生們的測試成績有所提高。由此推知,該項目提高了學生的學習成

績。故選B項。

D

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紅樹這種生長在沿

海的植物在淡水地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。科研人員們通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些紅樹生長的

淡水地區(qū)在歷史上曾經(jīng)