2025年考研英語專業(yè)閱讀理解模擬試卷（含答案）考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthedigitaleconomyhasprofoundlyreshapedthelandscapeoflabormarketsglobally.Whileofferingunprecedentedopportunitiesforremoteworkandflexibleschedules,ithasalsointroducednewchallenges,particularlyregardingworkerwelfareandthesustainabilityofgig-basedemployment.Theveryflexibilitythatmakesdigitalworkattractive—allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andsometimesevenemployers—oftencomesatthecostofbenefitstraditionallyassociatedwithfull-timejobs,suchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.Criticsarguethatthegigeconomyfostersanenvironmentofprecariousness,whereworkerslackthesecurityofstablecontractsandthesupportsystemsprovidedbyconventionalemployers.Withoutthesafetynetoflong-termemployment,gigworkersaremorevulnerabletoeconomicdownturnsandfacedifficultiesinaccessingaffordablehealthcareorsavingforretirement.Moreover,thelackofcareerprogressionpathswithingigworkcanleadtofeelingsofstagnationanddiminishedjobsatisfactionovertime.Theisolationinherentinmanyremoteworkarrangementsmayfurtherexacerbatetheseissues,deprivingworkersofthesocialinteractionsandcamaraderiethatcontributetooverallwell-beinginatraditionalworkplacesetting.Proponentsofthedigitaleconomy,however,counterthatitempowersindividualsbyprovidinggreaterautonomyandaccesstoawiderrangeofjobopportunitiesacrossgeographicboundaries.Theyarguethattheflexibilityallowsworkerstobetterbalancetheirprofessionalandpersonallives,cateringtodiverseneedsandlifestyles.Additionally,thegigeconomyhasenabledmanypeople,suchasstudentsorcaregivers,toearnincomewhilemanagingotherresponsibilities.Fromthisperspective,theissueisnottheflexibilityitself,butratherhowtoensurethatgigworkersreceiveadequatesupportandprotection,perhapsthroughportablebenefitssystemsoralternativeformsofsocialsecuritytailoredtonon-traditionalemploymentarrangements.Asthedigitaleconomycontinuestoevolve,thedebateoveritsimpactonworkerwelfareintensifies.Policymakersfacethecomplextaskofdesigningregulationsthat既能promotetheinnovativepotentialofthedigitaleconomy又能addressthevulnerabilitiesofitsworkforce.Thismayinvolveexploringnewmodelsforsocialsafetynets,promotingportablebenefitsthatfollowworkersacrossdifferentjobsandplatforms,orencouragingcompanieswithinthegigeconomytooffermorecomprehensivesupport.Theultimategoalistocreatealabormarketthatisbothdynamicandequitable,harnessingthebenefitsofdigitalworkwhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsidesforindividualworkers.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofthedigitaleconomyhighlightedinthepassage?2.Accordingtocritics,whatarethemaindrawbacksofgig-basedemploymentinthedigitaleconomy?3.Howdoproponentsarguethatthedigitaleconomybenefitsindividuals?4.Whatchallengesdopolicymakersencounterinregulatingthedigitaleconomy?PassageTwoTheconceptof"culturalheritage"hasundergonesignificanttransformationinrecentdecades.Nolongerconfinedtoancientruinsormasterpiecesofarthousedinmuseums,culturalheritagenowencompassesamuchbroaderspectrum,includingintangibleelementssuchastraditions,knowledgesystems,andsocialpractices.Thisexpansionofthedefinitionreflectsagrowingrecognitionthatculturalheritageisnotmerelyacollectionofhistoricalartifactsbutaliving,evolvingcomponentofcontemporarysocieties.Theinclusionofintangibleculturalheritagehasprofoundimplicationsforhowcommunitiesengagewiththeirpastandshapetheirfuture.Unliketangibleheritage,whichcanbephysicallypreservedorrestored,intangibleheritagereliesonhumantransmissionacrossgenerations.Thismakesitsconservationdeeplyintertwinedwithcommunityvitalityandsocialcontinuity.Effortstoprotectintangibleheritage,therefore,ofteninvolvenotjustpreservingpracticesbutalsofosteringthesocialcontextsinwhichtheythrive,suchasthrougheducation,communityparticipation,andsupportingtheartisansorpractitionerswhocarrythemforward.However,theprocessofidentifying,documenting,andsafeguardingintangibleculturalheritageisfraughtwithcomplexitiesandpotentialdilemmas.Questionsariseregardingwhohastherighttodefineandprotectaparticulartradition,especiallywhenitintersectswithissuesofculturalownership,indigenousrights,andintellectualproperty.Thereisalsotheriskthatthefocuson"safeguarding"intangibleheritagemightinadvertentlyleadtoitscommodificationorhomogenization,strippingitofitsoriginalmeaningandcontext.Furthermore,globalinitiatives,whilewell-intentioned,maysometimesimposeexternalstandardsorprioritiesthatdonotalignwiththespecificneedsorvaluesoflocalcommunities.Despitethesechallenges,theshifttowardsrecognizingintangibleculturalheritagehighlightsacrucialshiftinperspective—movingfromastaticviewofthepasttoanunderstandingofheritageasdynamicandparticipatory.Itunderscorestheimportanceoflisteningtocommunityvoicesandrespectingtheiragencyindefiningandmanagingtheirownculturaltraditions.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnected,preservingdiverseculturalexpressions,bothtangibleandintangible,isnotonlyanactofhistoricalpreservationbutalsoavitalcontributiontoglobalculturaldiversityandmutualunderstanding.Questions:5.Howhasthedefinitionof"culturalheritage"evolvedaccordingtothepassage?6.Whatmakesthepreservationofintangibleculturalheritageparticularlychallenging?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatrisksareassociatedwiththedocumentationandsafeguardingofintangibleculturalheritage?8.Whatistheunderlyingmessageaboutculturalheritageinthecontextofglobalization?PassageThreeTheproliferationofartificialintelligence(AI)technologieshassparkedintensedebateabouttheirpotentialimpactoncreativeindustries.Ononehand,AItoolsofferunprecedentedcapabilitiesforgeneratingcontent,frommusicandwritingtovisualartanddesign.Thesetoolscanpotentiallyenhancehumancreativitybyprovidingnewavenuesforexploration,automatingrepetitivetasks,andassistingcreatorsinovercomingblocks.ProponentsarguethatAIcandemocratizecreativity,allowingindividualswithouttraditionaltrainingtoproducesophisticatedworks,andsignificantlyboostproductivityinvarioussectors.Ontheotherhand,theriseofAI-generatedcontentraisessignificantconcernsaboutauthenticity,originality,andtheverynatureofcreativityitself.IfAIcanproduceworksthatareindistinguishablefrom,orevensuperiorto,humancreationsincertainrespects,howdowedefinehumanartisticmerit?ThereareworriesthatwidespreadrelianceonAIcouldleadtoahomogenizationofcreativeoutput,stiflingtheuniqueperspectivesandemotionaldepththathumanartistsbringtotheirwork.Moreover,theeconomicimplicationsareprofound,potentiallydisplacinghumancreatorsandalteringthedynamicsofindustriesbuiltonhumantalentandexpression.Thelegalandethicaldimensionsfurthercomplicatetheissue.QuestionsaboundregardingcopyrightownershipofAI-generatedworks—whoownsthecopyright:theAIdeveloper,theuserwhopromptedit,ortheAIitself?CurrentlegalframeworkswerelargelydesignedbeforetheadventofsophisticatedgenerativeAI,creatinguncertaintyandpotentialdisputes.EthicalconcernsalsoariseregardingtheuseofAIincreatingdeepfakesormanipulatingmedia,whichcouldhaveserioussocietalconsequences.Additionally,theenvironmentalimpactoftrainingandrunninglargeAImodelsraisesquestionsaboutthesustainabilityofthistechnologicaladvancement.AsAIcontinuestointegrateintocreativeprocesses,thechallengeliesnotnecessarilyinpreventingitsuse,butinharnessingitspotentialresponsibly.Thisrequiresongoingdialogueamongtechnologists,artists,ethicists,andpolicymakerstoestablishguidelinesthatprotecthumancreators,fosterinnovation,andensurethatAIservesasatooltoaugment,ratherthanreplace,humancreativity.Thefutureofthecreativeindustrieswilllikelydependonhowsuccessfullythesecomplexissuesarenavigatedinthecomingyears.Questions:9.WhatarethemainpotentialbenefitsofAItoolsincreativeindustriesaccordingtothepassage?10.WhataretheprimaryconcernsregardingtheimpactofAIonhumancreativityandartisticoriginality?11.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainlegalandethicalchallengesassociatedwithAI-generatedcontent?12.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestasakeyapproachtomanagingtheintegrationofAIincreativefields?PassageFourUrbanizationisoneofthedefiningtrendsofthe21stcentury,withmillionsofpeoplemigratingtocitiesinsearchofbettereconomicopportunities,education,andqualityoflife.Whilecitiesofferpromise,rapidandoftenunplannedurbangrowthpresentsaseriesofinterconnectedenvironmental,social,andeconomicchallenges.Theconcentrationoflargepopulationsinlimitedspacesputsimmensepressureoninfrastructure,leadingtoissuessuchastrafficcongestion,inadequatehousing,andstrainedpublicservices.Environmentaldegradationisanothercriticalconsequenceofuncheckedurbanization.Theexpansionofurbanareasoftenleadstodeforestation,lossofbiodiversity,andhabitatdestructionasnaturallandsareconvertedforconstruction.Furthermore,citiesaremajorcontributorstopollution,includingairpollutionfromvehiclesandindustrialactivities,waterpollutionfromwastemanagement,andlightpollutionthatdisruptsecosystems.Theheatislandeffect,whereurbanareasaresignificantlywarmerthansurroundingruralregionsduetotheprevalenceofimpervioussurfacesandreducedvegetation,exacerbatesclimatechangeimpactsandimpactshumanhealth.Socialinequalitiesareoftenexacerbatedinrapidlygrowingcities.Whilecitiesofferopportunities,thebenefitsarenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Thiscanleadtotheproliferationofslumsandinformalsettlementsontheperipheryorinmarginalizedareas,whereresidentslackaccesstobasicserviceslikecleanwater,sanitation,andhealthcare.Thedigitaldivide,whereaccesstotechnologyandtheinternetvariesgreatlyacrossdifferentsocioeconomicgroups,canfurtherdeepenexistinginequalities.Additionally,thefastpaceofurbanlifecanleadtosocialisolationandasenseofdisconnectionamongcitydwellers.Addressingthesemultifacetedchallengesrequiresintegratedandsustainableurbanplanningapproaches.Strategiessuchaspromotingcompactandtransit-orienteddevelopment,investingingreeninfrastructureandpublicspaces,implementingefficientwastemanagementandrecyclingprograms,andensuringequitableaccesstoservicesarecrucial.Furthermore,fosteringcommunityengagementandempoweringlocalpopulationsintheplanningprocesscanhelpcreatecitiesthatarenotonlysustainablebutalsoresilientandinclusive.Ultimately,thegoalistotransformurbanizationfromapotentialsourceofconflictandenvironmentaldestructionintoaforceforpositivesocialandeconomicdevelopment.Questions:13.Whatarethemainpressuresthatrapidurbanizationplacesoncities?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheprimaryenvironmentalimpactsofurbanization?15.Howdoesurbanizationpotentiallyaffectsocialinequalitieswithinasociety?16.Whataresomekeystrategiesmentionedinthepassageforpromotingsustainableurbandevelopment?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.D*解析思路：文章首段指出，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的核心特征在于其提供了遠程工作和靈活的時間安排的可能性，并強調(diào)這種“靈活性”是其吸引人的關(guān)鍵。選項D（Flexibility,allowingremoteworkandflexibleschedules）準確概括了這一點。選項A（Technologicaladvancement）是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的背景，而非其核心特征。選項B（Opportunitiesforentrepreneurship）是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟帶來的一個可能結(jié)果，但不是其最根本的特征。選項C（Widespreadadoption）描述了其普及程度，而非特征本身。2.A*解析思路：文章第二段集中論述了批評者觀點，明確指出了gigeconomy的主要弊端是導致工人處于“precariousness”（不穩(wěn)定性、脆弱性）狀態(tài)，缺乏傳統(tǒng)全職工作所提供的保障（如健康保險、帶薪休假、退休計劃），并且缺乏職業(yè)發(fā)展路徑，社交隔離也加劇了這些問題。選項A（Lackofsecurityandsupportsystemstraditionallyprovidedbyfull-timejobs）最全面地概括了這些弊端，即缺乏穩(wěn)定性和傳統(tǒng)就業(yè)提供的社會支持體系。選項B（Isolation）只是其中一個方面。選項C（Limitedcareergrowth）是缺乏保障的一個具體表現(xiàn)。選項D（Lowerpay）在文中未明確作為主要批評點。3.B*解析思路：文章第三段闡述了支持者的觀點，認為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的優(yōu)勢在于賦予個人更大的自主權(quán)（autonomy），能夠接觸到更廣泛的跨地域工作機會，并且這種靈活性使人們能夠更好地平衡工作與生活。選項B（Empowersindividualsbyprovidinggreaterautonomyandaccesstoawiderrangeofjobopportunities）準確概括了這些論點，特別是自主性和機會多樣性。選項A（Reducesthecostofdoingbusiness）更多是從企業(yè)角度出發(fā)，并非對個人利益的直接描述。選項C（Increasescompetitionamongworkers）是可能的結(jié)果，而非支持者的主要論點。選項D（Automatesallmanuallabor）過于絕對，與文中“flexibleschedules”和“projects”等描述不符。4.D*解析思路：文章最后一段明確提到，政策制定者面臨的復雜任務是如何設(shè)計法規(guī)，以在促進數(shù)字經(jīng)濟創(chuàng)新潛力的同時，解決其工作隊伍的脆弱性（vulnerabilities）。選項D（Designingregulationsthatbalanceinnovationwithworkerprotection）直接反映了文中所描述的挑戰(zhàn)，即在促進發(fā)展與保障勞動者權(quán)益之間的平衡。選項A（Encouragingcompaniestoadoptremoteworkpolicies）只是其中一種可能的措施，并非核心挑戰(zhàn)。選項B（Taxingdigitalcompaniesmoreheavily）是可能的政策手段，但并非文中強調(diào)的核心挑戰(zhàn)本身。選項C（Replacingtraditionalsocialsafetynetswithportablebenefits）是文中討論的一種解決方案，而非面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。PassageTwo5.C*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，對“文化遺產(chǎn)”的定義已從“ancientruinsormasterpiecesofarthousedinmuseums”擴展到包含“intangibleelementssuchastraditions,knowledgesystems,andsocialpractices”。選項C（Nowincludesintangibleelementsliketraditionsandsocialpracticesinadditiontotangibleartifacts）準確概括了這種擴展，即增加了無形要素，并仍包含有形要素。選項A（Hasbecomeexclusivelyfocusedondigitalculture）與文中“digitaleconomy”主題無關(guān)，且與“intangibleculturalheritage”的定義相反。選項B（IsnowprimarilydefinedbyUNESCOstandards）文中未提及UNESCO是定義的唯一來源。選項D（Hasbeennarrowedtofocusonendangeredspecies）與文中定義不符。6.B*解析思路：文章第二段解釋了無形文化遺產(chǎn)保存在“humantransmissionacrossgenerations”，這意味著其保存依賴于人的代際傳遞。一旦傳承者減少或停止傳遞，這種遺產(chǎn)就會消失。因此，最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于如何確保這種“humantransmission”得以持續(xù)。選項B（Itsrelianceonhumantransmissionmakesitvulnerabletogenerationalshiftsandlackofpractitioners）準確指出了這種依賴性帶來的脆弱性。選項A（Difficultyinstandardizingdocumentation）是挑戰(zhàn)之一，但并非最核心的。選項C（Conflictoverownershiprights）文中提到了潛在問題，但不是保存本身的核心困難。選項D（Highcostsofrecordingintangiblepractices）可能是部分事實，但不是根本性挑戰(zhàn)。7.A*解析思路：文章第三段明確提到了幾個潛在的困境和問題，包括“whohastherighttodefineandprotectaparticulartradition”，涉及文化所有權(quán)、原住民權(quán)利和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)等問題，這本質(zhì)上是關(guān)于誰有權(quán)定義和保護文化遺產(chǎn)的問題。選項A（Potentialconflictsoverculturalownershipandrepresentation,especiallyconcerningindigenouscommunities）最能概括文中提到的風險，即定義和保護權(quán)的沖突，特別是與原住民社區(qū)相關(guān)的文化所有權(quán)問題。選項B（Automateddestructionbytechnology）文中未提及。選項C（Lossofculturaldiversityduetoglobalhomogenization）是潛在影響，但文中強調(diào)的是定義和保護過程中的“dilemmas”。選項D（Inadequatefundingforpreservationefforts）可能是現(xiàn)實問題，但并非文中重點討論的倫理困境。8.D*解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)了觀點，強調(diào)了從“staticview”轉(zhuǎn)向“dynamicandparticipatory”的視角，并指出保護文化多樣性（包括有形和無形遺產(chǎn)）對于“globalculturaldiversityandmutualunderstanding”至關(guān)重要。選項D（Preservingdiverseculturalexpressionsiscrucialforglobalunderstandinginaninterconnectedworld）最能體現(xiàn)文章的最終主旨，即文化遺產(chǎn)保護對于全球多樣性和相互理解的重要性。選項A（Allculturalheritageshouldbepreservedinitsoriginallocation）是特定保護策略，非核心思想。選項B（Intangibleheritageismorevaluablethantangibleheritage）文中未進行對比。選項C（Governmentsshouldtakesoleresponsibilityforculturalheritagepreservation）與文中強調(diào)社區(qū)參與的觀點不符。PassageThree9.C*解析思路：文章第一段就提到了AI工具的潛在好處，包括“enhancehumancreativitybyprovidingnewavenuesforexploration”,“assistcreatorsinovercomingblocks”,“democratizecreativity”,and“boostproductivity”。選項C（AIcanenhancehumancreativity,democratizecreativeexpression,andincreaseproductivitybyassistingwithtasksandgeneratingideas）綜合概括了這些主要益處。選項A（AIcancompletelyreplacehumanartists）是文中反對的觀點。選項B（AIwilleliminatealljobopportunitiesincreativefields）是過度解讀。選項D（AIgeneratesonlylow-qualityart）與文中“unprecedentedcapabilitiesforgeneratingcontent”和“superiortohumancreationsincertainrespects”相悖。10.A*解析思路：文章第二段集中論述了批評者的擔憂，核心在于AI生成的內(nèi)容可能“indistinguishablefrom,orevensuperiorto,humancreations”，從而引發(fā)對“authenticity,originality,andtheverynatureofcreativityitself”的質(zhì)疑。批評者擔心AI會“stiflingtheuniqueperspectivesandemotionaldepththathumanartistsbringtotheirwork”，并可能導致“homogenizationofcreativeoutput”。這些都指向了對人類創(chuàng)造力獨特性和原創(chuàng)性的擔憂。選項A（Threatstohumanoriginality,authenticity,andtheuniquequalityofhumancreativity）最能概括這些核心關(guān)切。選項B（Increasedcostsforcreativeindustries）文中未提及。選項C（LegalchallengesoverIPownership）是AI創(chuàng)作帶來的問題，但不是對創(chuàng)造力本身的根本性擔憂。選項D（Ethicalconcernsaboutenvironmentalimpact）在文中是關(guān)于AI訓練的，而非創(chuàng)造力本身。11.B*解析思路：文章第三段詳細討論了法律和倫理問題。明確提到了關(guān)于“copyrightownershipofAI-generatedworks”的“uncertaintyandpotentialdisputes”，涉及開發(fā)者、用戶和AI本身的權(quán)利歸屬。同時，也提到了“ethicalconcernsregardingtheuseofAIincreatingdeepfakesormanipulatingmedia”。選項B（Uncertaintyovercopyrightownershipandethicalissuesrelatedtoauthenticityandmisinformation）最能全面概括文中提到的法律和倫理挑戰(zhàn)，即版權(quán)歸屬的不確定性以及與真實性和虛假信息相關(guān)的倫理問題。選項A（Jobdisplacementofallhumanworkers）是經(jīng)濟影響。選項C（HighdevelopmentcostsofAImodels）是技術(shù)成本問題。選項D（DifficultyintrainingAIondiversedatasets）是技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)。12.A*解析思路：文章最后一段提出了應對方法。指出需要“ongoingdialogueamongtechnologists,artists,ethicists,andpolicymakers”來“establishguidelinesthatprotecthumancreators,fosterinnovation,andensurethatAIservesasatooltoaugment,ratherthanreplace,humancreativity”。這表明，關(guān)鍵在于通過跨領(lǐng)域?qū)υ捴贫ㄖ笇Х结?，使AI成為增強人類創(chuàng)造力的工具。選項A（DevelopingethicalguidelinesandfosteringcollaborationamongstakeholderstoensureAIsupportshumancreativity）準確概括了這一核心建議。選項B（BanningtheuseofAIincreativeindustries）是文中反對的做法。選項C（FocusingsolelyonimprovingAI-generatedcontentquality）過于片面。選項D（Encouraginggovernmentstoprovidesubsidiesforartists）文中未提及。PassageFour13.A*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，快速城市化的主要壓力來自于“concentrationoflargepopulationsinlimitedspaces”，這給“infrastructure”帶來了巨大壓力，導致了“trafficcongestion,inadequatehousing,andstrainedpublicservices”。選項A（Immensepressureoninfrastructureleadingtotrafficcongestion,housingshortages,andinadequatepublicservices）準確概括了這些由人口集中和空間有限性造成的壓力。選項B（Airpollutionfromindustrialactivities）只是環(huán)境問題的一個方面。選項C（Decreasedaccesstogreenspaces）是城市生活的一個特點，但不是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施面臨的主要壓力。選項D（Rapi