貓魚相關(guān)知識及亞里士多德工作情況詞匯選擇題試卷1.1.AmongtheearlyGreeks,Aristotlewasthefirsttowatchlivingthingsandtotryto_①__

themtoattempttofindouthowlifebegins,andtowritedownhis_②__

Hismethodsofworkingwiththecatfisharetypicalofhis_③__HespenthourafterhourinasmallboatoffthecoastofLesbosontheAegeanSealeaningfaroutovertheclear,shallowwater,lookingdownatacatfishthatwaslayingitseggsamongthereeds(蘆葦).Ashewatched,heheldhisboatsteadywithastrongpolesothatitwouldnot_④__away.Laterhemadearecordofwhathehadseen:“Thecatfish__⑤_itseggsinsallowwater,generallyclosetorootsorclosetoreeds.Theeggsarestickyandadheretotheroots.”“Thefemalecatfish,havinglaidhereggs,goesaway.Themalestayson,andwatchesovertheeggs,keepingoffallotherlittefishesthatmightstealthefishorfry(魚苗).Hethuscontinuesforfortyorfiftydays,tilltheyoungare_⑥__growntoescapefromtheotherfishesthemselves.”Afterhehadwatchedthebreedinghabitsofthecatfishforalongtime,Aristotlebegantostudyotherthingsaboutfish.ModernscientistsmightthinkthatAristotleworkedundergreat_⑦_(dá)_.Hehadnobookstoconsult,fornobooksonnaturalhistoryhadbeenwritten.Hehadnoscientifictraining,noscientificinstruments,no__⑧_withwhomhecoulddiscusshisfindings.Whathedidhavewas

_⑨__

energyandenthusiasmandaloveoflivingthings.Sometimeswhenhewroteofhisobservationshedrewdiagramstomakehismeaningclear---thefirstsuchdiagramsinscientificwriting.He_⑩__tothemofteninhiswritings;butunfortunatelythesediagramshavebeenlost.A)float

B)subordinate

C)inexhausible

D)observationsE)deposits

F)attributes

G)sufficiently

H)compensations

I)disadvantages

J)exclusively

K)classify

L)precautionsM)colleagues

N)procedures

O)referred

[單選題]1.A)float1.B)subordinate1.C)inexhausible1.D)observations1.E)deposits1.F)attributes1.G)sufficiently1.H)compensations1.I)disadvantages1.J)exclusively1.K)classify(正確答案)1.L)precautions1.M)colleagues1.N)procedures1O)referred2.andtowritedownhis_②__

[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observations(正確答案)E)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred3.Hismethodsofworkingwiththecatfisharetypicalofhis_③__[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)procedures(正確答案)O)referred4.Hsothatitwouldnot_④__away[單選題]A)float(正確答案)B)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred5.Thecatfish__⑤_itseggsinsallowwater[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)deposits(正確答案)F)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred6.tilltheyoungare_⑥__grownton[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficiently(正確答案)H)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred7.Aristotleworkedundergreat_⑦_(dá)_.[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantages(正確答案)J)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred8.no__⑧_withwhomhe[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleagues(正確答案)N)proceduresO)referred9.Whathedidhavewas

_⑨__

energy[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible(正確答案).D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred10.He_⑩__tothemofteninhiswritings[單選題]A)floatB)subordinateC)inexhausible.D)observationsE)depositsF)attributesG)sufficientlyH)compensationsI)disadvantagesJ)exclusivelyK)classifyL)precautionsM)colleaguesN)proceduresO)referred(正確答案)11.Comparativelyspeaking,Americansgivegiftsonarelativelysmallnumberofoccasionsandtoarelativelysmall1___

ofpeople.SinceofferinggiiftstopeoplewhodonotexpeCttnemcancausemutual2___and,canevenleadtothe

3___

thatthegift-giverhastheintennonofinfluencingthe4___inanimproperway,foreignvisitorsshouldbeawareof

Americans'practiceswith5___togifts.

Generally,Americansgiyegiftstorelativesandclosefriends.Frequentlytheygivegiftsto6___Theydonot7

___givegifts,toteachers,businesscolleagues,orotherpeoplewhomightbeinapositiontograntor8___

favorabletreatment(suchasagoodgradeinclassoracontractforasale).Infact,givinggiftstothesepeoplecanbethoughtofasanimproperefforttogainfavor.

Christmascomesclosetobeinganationalgift-givingdayinAmerica.Excepttortnosewnoobservenon-Christianreligions,Americans

9___

Christmasgiftswithrelatives,schoolmates,andclosefriends.Othergift-givingoccasionsaredaysthatarespecialtotherecipient:birthdays,graduation,weddings,andchildbirth.A“house-warminggiftissometimesgiventopeoplewhohavemovedintoanewhome.

Americanstrytoselectagifttheybelievetherecipientcouldputtouseorwouldenjoy.Peoplearenotexpectedtogiveexpensivegiftsunlesstheycan10___

affordthem.A)embarrassment

B)applicants

C)circle

D)withholdE)normally

F)indication

G)acquire

H)regardI)readily

J)consequently

K)exchange

L)preserveM)hostesses

N)recipien

O)suspicion[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circle(正確答案)D)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion12.whodonotexpeCttnemcancausemutual2___and[單選題]A)embarrassment(正確答案)B)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion13.canevenleadtothe3___

thatthegift-giver[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion(正確答案)14.Ahastheintennonofinfluencingthe4___inanimproperway[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipien(正確答案)O)suspicion15.Americans'practiceswith5___togifts.

[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regard(正確答案)I)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion16.Frequentlytheygivegiftsto6___[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostesses(正確答案)N)recipienO)suspicion17.Theydonot7

___givegifts,[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normally(正確答案)F)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion18.beinapositiontograntor8___

favorabletreatment[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withhold(正確答案)E)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion19.Americans

9___

Christmasgifts[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readilyJ)consequentlyK)exchange(正確答案)L)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion20.giftsunlesstheycan10___

affordthem.[單選題]A)embarrassmentB)applicantsC)circleD)withholdE)normallyF)indicationG)acquireH)regardI)readily(正確答案)J)consequentlyK)exchangeL)preserveM)hostessesN)recipienO)suspicion21.

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologically(在生理學(xué)方面)be1___ofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbe2___throughlearning.Psychologistshavefoundthattherearetwobasic

3___bywhichlearningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning."Thisoccurswhenoneeventorstimulusis4___

pairedwithorfollowedby,arewardor5___

isthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnsto6___hismother'sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandloveforhelearnsthatthisnersonprovidesfoodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilar7___

Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operanconditioning.”Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhis8___andlearnsnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralway9___

toherbabywhenhecriesandcuddles(摟抱)himuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetateonfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevision,10___withotherpeople，andsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotionsandleadsustolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers.A)personage

B）interacting

C)fashion

D)associateE)occasionally

F)adheres

G)modified

H)capableI)improved

J)processes

K)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attends

N)punishment

O)environment[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capable(正確答案)I)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment22.

emotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbe2___throughlearning.[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modified(正確答案)H)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment23.Psychologistshavefoundthattherearetwobasic

3___bywhichlearningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning."Thisoccurswhenoneeventorstimulusis4___

pairedwithorfollowedby,arewardor5___

isthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnsto6___hismother'sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandloveforhelearnsthatthisnersonprovidesfoodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilar7___

Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operanconditioning.”Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhis8___andlearnsnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralway9___

toherbabywhenhecriesandcuddles(摟抱)himuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetateonfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevision,10___withotherpeople，andsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotionsandleadsustolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers.[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processes(正確答案)K)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment24.

orstimulusis4___

pairedwithorfollowedby,

[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistently(正確答案)L)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment25.

arewardor5___

isthroughclassicalconditioning

[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishment(正確答案)O)environment26.

thatachildlearnsto6___hismother'sface

[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associate(正確答案)E)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment27.

inasimilar7___[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashion(正確答案)D)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment28.inhis8___andlearnsnottodothings

[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment(正確答案)29.

ifamotheralway9___

toherbaby

[單選題]A)personageB）interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attends(正確答案)N)punishmentO)environment30.

Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevision,10___withotherpeople，[單選題]A)personageB）interacting(正確答案)C)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modifiedH)capableI)improvedJ)processesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)punishmentO)environment31.

Themainreasonfordevelopingabettervocabularyistoreceiveandsendoutthoughtsbetter.Notjustwords—butideasthatwords1___Thereasonwithagoodvocabularyisimpressive.It'strue.Butheorsheisalsobetterabletogetacrossandunderstand2___thoughts.

Thepowerofwordsissostrongthatitcaneveninfluencethewayyouseetheworld.Wordsnotonly3___

yourthoughts，insomecasestheycanalsohelpformthem.Forexample,acertainAmericantribedoesnothave4___wordsinitslanguageforyellowandorange.Asaresultitsmemberscannot5___

betweenthetwocolors.Theirlanguage-orvocabulary-decideswhatthey“see.”wmanytimeshaveyoubeenunabletotellyour6___what'swrongwithyourcarbecauseyoulackthevocabulary?Howaccuratelycanyoudescribeasunsetifyourvocabularyonlyincludeslightanddark？

However，simplewordsdonotmeanasimplemind.Manyadultshave7___

thoughts.Butthosethoughtscomeoutgarbled（混亂不清的）andtoosimplebecauseofasmallvocabulary.Theyhavenochoicesbuttousethesamewordstoexpresstoomanydifferentkindsofthoughts.Retults:poorcommunication.Theseadultswithsmallvocabulariesjustcannotexpressthe8___

ofmeaning.Theymayhave,however,asmuchdepthand9___astheirmorewell-spokenfriends.

Yourvocabularyisyourpower.Itdeterminestheshapeandsizeofyourworld.Ittellsyouwhoyoucanorcannottalkwith.It

sayswhatbooksyoucanreadandwhichideasyoucanunderstand.Itisyourmain10___tootherpeople.A)matureB)implicationsC)mechanicD)indicateE)distinguishF)reflectG)subtleH)linkI)representJ)individualK)insightL)separateM)shadesN)connectionO)complex[單選題]A)matureB)implicationsC)mechanicD)indicateE)distinguishF)reflectG)subtleH)linkI)represent(正確答案)J)individualK)insightL)separateM)shadesN)connectionO)complex32.

getacrossandunderstand2___thoughts.[單選題]A)matureB)implicationsC)mechanicD)indicateE)distinguishF)reflectG)subtleH)linkI)representJ)individualK)insightL)separateM)shadesN)connectionO)complex(正確答案)33.

Wordsnotonly3___