Unit6Whendisasterstrikes單詞解析一1.lost(形容詞)不復(fù)存在的、不再擁有的[用法講解]lost為形容詞時(shí)可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);lost還可為動(dòng)詞lose(丟失)的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞。Eg:Thelostchildwascryingloudlyinthestreet.那個(gè)迷路的孩子在街上大聲哭泣。Wewaslostintheforest.我們?cè)谏掷锩月妨?。Ilostmykeysyesterday.我昨天把鑰匙弄丟了。[常見(jiàn)搭配] feellost 感到困惑、感到迷茫 belostinthought 陷入沉思 belost/getlost 迷路、迷失 Eg:Ifeltlostinthenewcity.在這座新城市里，我感到迷茫。Shewaslostinthoughtanddidn'thearme.她陷入沉思，沒(méi)聽(tīng)到我說(shuō)話。Wegotlostinthemountains.我們?cè)谏嚼锩月妨?。[派生詞]lose為動(dòng)詞，譯為“丟失、迷失”;loser為名詞，譯為“失敗者、輸家”。Eg:Shelostherwalletonthebus.她在公交車(chē)上丟了錢(qián)包。Heisaloserinthecompetition.他在比賽中是個(gè)失敗者。[即學(xué)即用]The________(lose)dogwasfinallyfoundbyitsowner.答案:lost2.ground(名詞)地、地面[用法講解] ground為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，譯為“地面”;ground為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，譯為“根據(jù)、庭院、場(chǎng)地”;ground還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“使擱淺、使停飛、基于”;ground還可為形容詞，譯為“磨碎的”。Eg:Thebookfelltotheground.書(shū)掉到了地上。Therearenogroundsforsuchaccusations.這指控毫無(wú)根據(jù)。Wehadapicnicontheschoolgrounds.我們?cè)趯W(xué)校操場(chǎng)上野餐。Theboatgroundedonasandbar.船在沙洲上擱淺了。Histheoryisgroundedinscientificresearch.他的理論以科學(xué)研究為基礎(chǔ)。Theprojectisgroundedonsolidmarketresearch.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是基于扎實(shí)的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研開(kāi)展的。Addsomegroundpeppertothesoup.往湯里加些胡椒粉。[常見(jiàn)搭配] ontheground(s)that... 以... 為理由havegroundsfor... 有...的根據(jù) groundrules 基本規(guī)則 breaknewground 創(chuàng)新、開(kāi)辟新領(lǐng)域 standyourground 堅(jiān)持立場(chǎng) Eg:Hewasdismissedonthegroundsthathewasoftenlateforwork.他因經(jīng)常上班遲到被解雇了。Youhavenogroundsforcomplaint.你沒(méi)有理由抱怨。Let'sestablishsomegroundrulesbeforewestartthemeeting.我們開(kāi)始會(huì)議前先定幾條基本規(guī)則。Thisresearchbreaksnewgroundinmedicine.這項(xiàng)研究在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域開(kāi)辟了新天地。Despitethepressure,hestoodhisground.盡管有壓力，他仍堅(jiān)持立場(chǎng)。[派生詞]groundless為形容詞，譯為“無(wú)根據(jù)的”。Eg:Therumorturnedouttobegroundless.謠言最終被證明是毫無(wú)根據(jù)的。[即學(xué)即用]Thechildrenwereplayingonthe__________(地面).答案:ground3.scared(形容詞)害怕的、恐懼的[用法講解]scared在句中可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Eg:Thechildwasscaredbytheloudnoise.孩子被巨大的聲響嚇到了。Hehadascaredlookonhisface.他臉上露出害怕的神情。[常見(jiàn)搭配] bescaredof... 害怕... bescaredtodosth. 害怕做某事 scaredcat 膽小的人 Eg:Manypeoplearescaredofsnakes.很多人害怕蛇。Sheisscaredtospeakinpublic.她害怕在公眾面前講話。Don'tbeascaredcat!Tryitagain.別像個(gè)膽小鬼!再試一次。[派生詞] scare可為名詞，譯為“驚嚇、恐慌”; scare還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“使害怕、恐嚇”;scary為形容詞，譯為“令人害怕的”。Eg:Thesuddenloudnoisecausedascareamongthecrowd.突然的巨響在人群中引發(fā)了恐慌。Thehorrormoviescaredthechildren.恐怖電影嚇到了孩子們。Themoviewasreallyscary.這部電影非常恐懼。[即學(xué)即用]Thedoglooked__________(scare)whenitheardthethunder.答案:scared4.shut(動(dòng)詞)(使)關(guān)(合)上、(使)關(guān)閉[用法講解]shut作動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式為shut，過(guò)去分詞為shut，還可譯為“停業(yè)、歇業(yè)、停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”;shut還可為名詞，譯為“停業(yè)”。Eg:Sheshutthebookandputitonthetable.她合上書(shū)，把它放在了桌子上。ThemuseumshutsonMondays.博物館周一閉館。Don'tforgettoshutthecomputerdownbeforeyouleave.離開(kāi)前別忘了把電腦關(guān)掉。Thefactoryhadashort-termshutformaintenance.這家工廠為了維護(hù)進(jìn)行了短期停業(yè)。[常見(jiàn)搭配] shutup 住口、閉嘴 shutdown 關(guān)閉、停業(yè) shutout 把...關(guān)在外面、擋住 Eg:Shutup!Idon'twanttohearyourexcuses.閉嘴!我不想聽(tīng)你的借口。Thefactorywillshutdownfortheholiday.工廠將在假期停業(yè)。Thethickwallsshutoutmostofthenoise.厚厚的墻壁擋住了大部分噪音。[易混辨析] shut與close區(qū)別: shut通常用于比較具體的、物理上的關(guān)閉動(dòng)作，如關(guān)門(mén)窗、關(guān)電器等;close使用范圍更廣、不僅可以表示物理上的關(guān)閉、還可以用于抽象概念，如關(guān)閉交易、結(jié)束談話等。Eg:Shutthewindow.關(guān)上窗戶。Themeetingclosedat5pm.會(huì)議下午5點(diǎn)結(jié)束。[即學(xué)即用]Shes_________hereyestightly.答案:shut5.shocking(形容詞)驚人的、駭人的、令人難以置信的[用法講解] shocking作形容詞還可譯為“極壞的、糟糕的”。Eg:Thenewsoftheaccidentwasshocking.事故的消息令人震驚。Hisperformancewasshocking.他的表現(xiàn)糟透了。[派生詞]shock可為名詞，譯為“震驚、打擊”;shock還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“使震驚、使震動(dòng)”;shocked還可為形容詞，譯為“感到震驚的”;shockingly為副詞，譯為“令人震驚地、極其”。Eg:Theearthquakewasagreatshocktothecity.地震對(duì)這座城市來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的打擊。Shewasshockedatthesightoftheaccident.她看到事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)感到震驚。The priceofthepaintingwasshockinglyhigh.這幅畫(huà)的價(jià)格高得令人震驚。[即學(xué)即用]The_________(shock)truthwasrevealedyesterday.答案:shocking6.coach(名詞)公共馬車(chē)、四輪大馬車(chē)[用法講解]coach為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為coaches，還可譯為“長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)、火車(chē)車(chē)廂、教練”;coach還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“訓(xùn)練、指導(dǎo)”。Eg:TheywenttoItalyonacoachtour.他們乘長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)去意大利旅游。Therearemanyseatsinthecoach.這節(jié)旅客車(chē)廂里有很多座位。Heisourfootballcoach.他是我們的足球教練。ShecoachesstudentsinFrench.她指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)法語(yǔ)。[常見(jiàn)搭配] bycoach 乘坐長(zhǎng)途汽車(chē) headcoach 主教練 becoachedbysb.由某人指導(dǎo)Eg:WetraveledtoLondonbycoach.我們乘長(zhǎng)途汽車(chē)。Theheadcoachcalledatimeoutwithtensecondsremaining.主教練在還剩十秒時(shí)叫了暫停。IwascoachedbyaformerOlympicathlete.我由一位前奧運(yùn)選手指導(dǎo)。[即學(xué)即用]我們將乘長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)。Wearegoingtotheairport___________. 答案:bycoach7.straight(副詞)筆直地、成直線地[用法講解]straight作副詞，還可譯為“連續(xù)地”;straight還可為形容詞，譯為“直的、連續(xù)的、坦率的、整體的”;straight還可為名詞，譯為“直線、直道”。Eg:Thebirdflewstraightintothetree.那只鳥(niǎo)直直地飛進(jìn)了樹(shù)里。Shehasbeenstudyingstraightsincemorning.她從早上開(kāi)始一直連續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。Drawastraightlineonthepaper.在紙上畫(huà)一條直線。Theyhadastraightweekofsunnyweather.他們連續(xù)一周都是晴天。Ineedastraightopinionfromyou.我需要你坦率的意見(jiàn)。Thestraightbetweenthetwocitiesisthefastestroute.者兩座城市之間的直線距離是最快的路線。[常見(jiàn)搭配] gostraight 直走 straightaway 立刻、馬上 straightup 直率的、誠(chéng)實(shí)地 keepastraightface 忍住不笑 straightoff 立即 Eg:Gostraightandthenturnleftatthecorner.直走，然后在拐角處左轉(zhuǎn)。I'llcallhimstraightaway.我馬上給他打電話。Hetoldmestraightupthathedidn'tliketheidea.他直率地告訴我他不喜歡這個(gè)主意。ItwassofunnyIcouldn'tkeepastraightface.太搞笑了，我忍不住笑了。I'lldoitstraightoff.我馬上做。[派生詞]straighten為動(dòng)詞，譯為“使變直、弄直”。Eg:Shestraightenedherskirt.她把裙子弄直。[即學(xué)即用]直走兩個(gè)街區(qū)，然后左轉(zhuǎn)。_____________fortwoblocks,thenturnleft.答案:Gostraight8.sand(名詞)沙漠[用法講解] sand在表示“沙礫”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞;sand在表示“不同區(qū)域的沙灘或文學(xué)作品中營(yíng)造意境”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為sands;sand還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“打磨、撒沙于”。Eg:Childrenbuiltcastleswithdampsand.孩子們用濕潤(rùn)的沙子堆城堡。TheshiftingsandsoftheSaharastretchendlessly.撒哈拉沙漠的流沙區(qū)無(wú)邊無(wú)際。Thesandsoftimesymbolizethepassageofyears.時(shí)光的沙礫象征歲月的流逝。Hesandedthewoodentabletomakeitsmooth.他用砂紙打磨木桌使其光滑。Theroadwassandedafterthesnowstorm.暴風(fēng)雪后，路上撒了沙子。[常見(jiàn)搭配] sandcastle 沙堡 buildonsand 基礎(chǔ)不牢固、不可靠 thesandsoftime 時(shí)光流逝 Eg:Thechildrenbuiltabigsandcastleonthebeach.孩子們?cè)诤┥辖艘蛔蟠蟮纳潮?。Theirbusinessplanwasbuiltonsandandsoonfailed.他們的商業(yè)計(jì)劃根基不牢，很快就失敗了。Thepoemreflectsonthesandsoftime.這首詩(shī)感慨時(shí)光流逝。[派生詞]sandy為形容詞，譯為“多沙的、含沙的”。Eg:Ilikebeachesbecausetheyaresandy.我喜歡沙灘，因?yàn)樗麄兪呛车?。[即學(xué)即用]Wewalkedalongthegolden_______(沙子)atsunset.答案:sands9.flood(名詞)洪水、水災(zāi)[用法講解]flood在泛指洪水時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞;flood在表示“多次洪水”或“比喻用法”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為floods;flood還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“淹沒(méi)、泛濫、大量涌入”。Eg:Theflooddestroyedmanyhousesinthevillage.洪水摧毀了村里的許多房屋。Theregionhassufferedfromfloodseverysummer.該地區(qū)每年夏天都遭受洪水侵襲。Afloodofcomplaintsfollowedtheannouncement.公告發(fā)布后，投訴如潮水般涌來(lái)。Theriverfloodedthesurroundingfields.河水淹沒(méi)了周?chē)奶镆?。Touristsfloodedthecityduringtheholiday.假期期間，游客大量涌入這個(gè)城市。[常見(jiàn)搭配] afloodof... 大量的 floodinto/with... 涌入... inflood 泛濫中 floodback 回憶涌現(xiàn) Eg:Shereceivedafloodofcongratulatorymessages.她收到了大量的祝賀信息。Touristsfloodedintothecityduringthefestival.節(jié)日期間游客涌入這座城市。Theriverisinfloodafterweeksofrain.連續(xù)幾周降雨后，河水泛濫。Memoriesfloodedbackwhenshevisitedherchildhoodhome.她回到童年故居時(shí)，回憶涌上心頭。[即學(xué)即用]The________(洪水)causedgreatdamagetothevillage.答案:flood10.thick(形容詞)濃密的、混沌的[用法講解]thick為形容詞，還可譯為“厚的、粗的、濃重的、口音重的、密切的”;thick還可為副詞，譯為“密集地、大量地”。Eg:Thewallisquitethick.這面墻相當(dāng)厚。Theforestisthickwithtrees.森林里樹(shù)木濃密。Thesoupisthickanddelicious.這湯很濃，味道很美。Ican'tunderstandhimbecauseofhisthickaccent.由于他口音太重，我聽(tīng)不懂他的話。Theyarethickasthieves.他們親密無(wú)間。Rainfellthickandfast.雨又大又急地落下來(lái)。[常見(jiàn)搭配] bethickwith... 充滿...的;布滿...的throughthickandthin 不顧艱難險(xiǎn)阻、同甘共苦Eg:Theairwasthickwithsmoke.空氣中充滿了煙霧。Theyhavestayedtogetherthroughthickandthin.他們同甘共苦，一直在一起。[派生詞]thickness為名詞，譯為“厚度”;thickly為副詞，譯為“濃密地”。Eg:Wemeasuredthethicknessofthewall.我們測(cè)量了墻的厚度。Theleavesaregrowingthicklyonthetree.樹(shù)上葉子長(zhǎng)得很濃密。[即學(xué)即用]Shehandedmeat_________bookfullofillustrations.答案:thick11.smoke(名詞)(燃燒產(chǎn)生的)煙[用法講解]smoke在表示“煙霧”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞;smoke在表示“香煙”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為smokes;smoke還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“冒煙、吸煙”。Eg:Theroomisfilledwiththicksmoke.房間里充滿濃煙。CanIborrowasmoke?能借支煙嗎?Thebonfirewasstillsmokinghourslater.篝火數(shù)小時(shí)后仍在冒煙。Nosmokinginthisarea.此處禁止吸煙。[常見(jiàn)搭配] goupinsmoke 化為烏有、失敗Eg:Hisplanswentupinsmokeafterthefundingwascut.資金被消減后，他的計(jì)劃泡湯了。[即學(xué)即用]Theexhauststreamedblack_______(煙).答案:smoke12.shower(名詞)一大批、一陣[用法講解]shower為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為showers，還可譯為“淋浴、淋浴間、陣雨”;shower還可為動(dòng)詞，譯為“洗淋浴、如雨雪般降落”。Eg:Wegotcaughtinashoweronthewayhome.我們?cè)诨丶业穆飞嫌錾狭艘魂囉辍takeashowereverymorning.我每天早上洗淋浴。The weatherforecastpredictsscatteredshowerstomorrow.天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)明天有零星陣雨。Heshowerstwiceaday.他一天洗兩次淋浴。Flowersshowereddownfromthebalcony.鮮花從陽(yáng)臺(tái)上如陣雨般飄落下來(lái)。[派生詞]showered為形容詞，譯為“淋浴過(guò)的、飄落下的”;Eg:Theshoweredpetalsmadethesceneverybeautiful.飄落的花瓣讓這個(gè)場(chǎng)景非常美麗