易錯點12閱讀理解推理判斷題

目錄

01易錯陷阱（3大陷阱）

02舉一反三

【易錯點提醒一】觀點態(tài)度易混易錯點

【易錯點提醒二】文章出處和讀者對象易混易錯點

【易錯點提醒三】寫作目的和意圖易混易錯點

03易錯題通關

易錯陷阱1：觀點態(tài)度易混易錯點。

【分析】

1.選項中的觀點態(tài)度類詞意辨析不清；

2.原文中表達作者觀點、態(tài)度的形容詞和副詞詞義；

3.未能從所列舉的例子中理解作者真正表達的意思；

易錯陷阱2：文章出處和讀者對象易混易錯點。

【分析】讀者需要具備一定的生活常識，對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡、科普、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等

有基本的了解，才能根據(jù)文章的特點對號入座，選出正確的答案。有時命題者為了增加試題的難度，特殊

的格式或日期可能不出現(xiàn)，這時需要根據(jù)文章的題材內容進行推斷。

易錯陷阱3：寫作目的和意圖易混易錯點。

【分析】考生應根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖和寫作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而

是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，

而且要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行歸納總結和分析的能力。

【易錯點提醒一】觀點態(tài)度易混易錯點

【例1】（2024·山東·一模）Aself-drivingtaxioperatedbyaChinesetechgiantrecentlyhitapasser-by

crossingagainstatrafficlightinWuhan,capitalofHubeiProvince,sparkingheateddiscussionsonthechallenges

andlimitationsfacingautonomousdrivingtechnology,especiallyincomplexcircumstances.

ZhangXiang,anautosectorresearcheratNorthChinaUniversityofTechnology,saidthattheincidentin

Wuhanindicatesthatself-drivingtechnologyhasprogressedsignificantlyoverthepastfewyears,butitstill

encountersdifficultiesunderever-changingroadconditionsandhassomelimitationswhendealingwith

unconventionalbehavior,suchasmotoristsorpassers-byviolatingtrafficrules.Therearestillsomeobstaclesto

integratingtheself-drivingvehiclesintotheexistingroadtrafficsafetymanagementsystem,asthelegal

obligationsofrelevantsubjectsinvolvingautonomousvehicleshavenotbeenclarifiedundercurrentlawsand

regulations.

Meanwhile,thecommercialapplicationofrobotaxisinmorecitiesacrossthecountryhasraisedconcerns

aboutemployment,astaxidriversareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobsduetointensecompetitionfromdriverless

ride-hailingvehicles,industryexpertssaid.Sofar,morethan20citiesnationwidehaveintroducedpolicies

supportingautonomousdrivingtests,withmorethan60enterpriseshavingobtainedself-drivingtestlicenses.

Nevertheless,somebelievethatpeopleonlyprefertoexperiencethisemergingtechnology,andthenumber

ofrobotaxisontheroadisstillfarsmallerthanthoseoftaxis.Itisalsonotedthatthepressureontaxidrivers

mainlycomesfromfiercecompetitionbetweenprivateride-hailingcarsandtraditionaltaxis,andthatthe

autonomousdrivingvehicleswillnothaveaseriousimpactonthejobmarketorreplacehumandriversinthe

shortterm.

Despitethechallenges,thedevelopmentofself-drivingindustrywillstrengthentheintelligent

transformationofautoindustryandspeedtheconstructionofvehicle-roadcoordinationsystems,whichsupport

thetransferofinformationfromvehiclestoroadwaynetworksasawaytoimprovetrafficefficiency.

AccordingtoresearchcompanyBloombergNEF's“ElectricVehicleOutlook”report,Chinawilloperatethe

world'slargestrobotaxifleetofabout12millionself-drivingvehiclesby2040,followedbytheUnitedStateswith

around7millionsuchvehicles.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsself-drivingindustry?

A．Partial.B．Favorable.C．Skeptical.D．Dismissive.

易錯分析：拘泥于找到原詞，不能從話語中推理作者真正的態(tài)度，從而無中生有，僅憑現(xiàn)實生活主觀臆斷。

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Despitethechallenges,thedevelopmentofself-drivingindustrywillstrengthenthe

intelligenttransformationofautoindustryandspeedtheconstructionofvehicle-roadcoordinationsystems,

whichsupportthetransferofinformationfromvehiclestoroadwaynetworksasawaytoimprovetraffic

efficiency.”（盡管面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，但自動駕駛產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展將加強汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的智能化改造，加快車路協(xié)調系

統(tǒng)的建設，支持從車輛到道路網(wǎng)絡的信息傳遞，從而提高交通效率。）可知，作者對自動駕駛行業(yè)的態(tài)度

是支持的。故選B項。

【變式1】（24-25高三上·河南·階段練習）Manypeoplearebusyexperimentingwithchatbots,hopinggenerative

artificialintelligence(AI)canimprovetheirdailylives.Scientistsareseveralstepsahead.Asreported,10%or

moreofabstractsforpapersinscientificjournalsnowarewritteninpartbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs).In

fieldssuchascomputerscience,thatfigurerisesto20%.

Scientistsarenotjustdevotedtolaboratoryworkorthinkingbigthoughts.Theyfacegreatdemands,from

writingpapersandteachingtofillingoutendlessgrant(撥款)applications.LLMshelpbyspeedingupthewriting

ofpapers,thusfreeinguptimeforscientiststodevelopnewideasorcheckformistakesintheirwork.

Thetechnologycanalsohelplevelaplaying-fieldthatfavoursnativeEnglishspeakers,becausemany

importantjournalsareintheirtongue.LLMscanhelpthosewhodonotspeakthelanguagewelltranslateandedit

theirtext.Therefore,scientistseverywherecanspreadtheirfindingsmoreeasilyandbejudgedbythebrillianceof

theirideasratherthantheirlanguageskills.

Aswithanytechnology,thereareworries.Sciencereceived10,444submissionslastyear,ofwhich

83%wererejectedbeforepeer(同行)review.SomeofthesemusthavebeenAI-generated．

LLMs’lackofimaginationmayleadtoplagiarism,inwhichtheydirectlycopypastworkbyhumans.

“Hallucinations”thatareobviouslywrongtoexperts,butverybelievabletoeveryoneelse,couldalsomaketheir

wayintothetext.Andmostworryingofall,writingcanbeanessentialpartoftheresearchprocess,byhelping

researchersclarifyandproducetheirownideas.ToomuchrelianceonLLMscouldmakesciencepoorer.

TryingtorestricttheuseofLLMsisnotthewaytodealwiththeseproblems.Peerreviewwillbecome

moreimportant.Payreviewersforthetimetheysacrifice(犧牲)tocheckpapers.Motivateresearcherstodo

repeatedexperimentsbeforewritingapaper.Hiringandpromotioncommitteesatuniversitiesshouldensurethat

scientistsarerewardedbasedonthequalityoftheirworkandthequantityofnewinsightstheygenerate.

What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsLLMs?

A．Doubtful.B．Tolerant.C．Objective.D．Conservative.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章結構，第二、三段介紹了LLMs的好處，第四、五段介紹了其弊端，最后

一段針對問題提出了解決辦法?？芍?，作者對LLMs的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項。

【變式2】（2024·廣東·一模）TheRenaissanceofCreativeThoughtisburgeoning,perhapseven

burgeoning.Ifyouattemptedtoabsorballthewisdomavailabletoday,youwouldneedmorethan180million

yearstodoso.Butyouaremistakentoassumethatallthiswisdomwouldstimulateasurgeofinnovationto

matchtheabundanceofknowledge.Indeed,thelasttimewefoundourselvesinaperiodofsignificantinnovation,

pursuingtheideaswiththemostprofoundimpact,wasmorethan120yearsago,inaperiodcalledthe

RenaissanceofInsight.

Innovations,bothgrandandmodest,originatefromanewidea.Often,theseideasemergeasamomentof

insight—theoutcomeofanovelconnectioninourmindsmadebetweenexistingandnewknowledge.Studies

revealinsightsinvolvequietsignalsdeepinthebrain,justunderthesurfaceofawareness.Anythingthataidsusin

noticingquietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenengagements,adoptingessentiallearningapproaches,or

steeringclearofdistractionslikesocialmedia,canenhancethelikelihoodofinsights.However,itisbecoming

increasinglychallengingtofindthosequietsignalswiththeescalatinguseoftechnology,fillingeverymoment

withemergenciesandanendlesssupplyofcontent.

Moreover,wealsoaspiretoelevatethequalityofthem—tobeabletosiftthroughgrandnewideasand

identifytheonesthatholdgenuinevalue,whichcanbedifficulttomeasure.Launchedin2015,theInsightMeter

(洞察力計量器)permitsustoevaluatethepotencyofourinsightexperiencesonafive-pointscale,whichis

markedbyintenseemotions,motivation,memoryadvantage,aftershocks,andsubsequentideas.TheMeter

consolidatesthesefivevariablesintoasolitaryvalueandenablesustodefinethesignificanceofanewidea.The

level-5insight,involvingtherichestemotion,motivation,andlastingimpact,holdstheutmostsignificance.

Sinceinsightsareoneofthemosteffectivewaystostimulateengagement,innovation,andbehavioral

change,theInsightMeterhasextensiveapplicationsforgaugingandenhancingindividualandorganizational

performance.Moreimportantly,itcanbeemployedtomeasuretheimpactofdifferenttypesofwork

environmentsandlearningapproachesonparticipants’development—bothinthemomentorafterward.

Fororganizationstoreapthebenefitsofanotherageofinsight,itisnotsufficienttoattempttoaccessmore

dataoraugmentthenumberofinsightswegenerate.Instead,itisaboutcreatingspaceforthemostsignificant

ideastoemergefromalltheknowledge.UtilizingthesharedlanguageoftheInsightMeterasameanstomeasure

howimportantideasare,relativetoeachother,willenablesuperiordecision-makingtowardpracticaland

competitiveoutcomes.Andifwearetoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignourenvironmentstoallowfor

themostexceptionalinsightpossibletosurface.

Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentenvironmentforinnovations?

A．Uncertain.B．Optimistic.C．Unconcerned.D．Dissatisfied.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andifwearetoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignour

environmentstoallowforthemostexceptionalinsightpossibletosurface.(如果我們要進入一個洞察的新時代，

我們必須設計我們的環(huán)境，以允許最杰出的洞察浮出水面)”可推知，作者對當前創(chuàng)新環(huán)境的態(tài)度是不滿意

的。故選D。

【易錯點提醒二】文章出處和讀者對象易混易錯點

【例2】（湖南師范大學附屬中學2023-2024學年高三摸底考試）

Doyouhavefrighteningdreamswhilesleeping?Accordingtoanemailinterviewbyclinicalpsychologist

andsleepexpertDr.MichaelBreus,roughly5percentofthegeneralpopulationhasatleastonebaddreamper

week.NightmarestypicallyhappenduringREMsleep,duringthemiddleandlaterpartsofthenight.

Thereisnoexactexplanationfornightmares,butBreussaysit’spossiblethattheyhelpthebrainpractise,

prepareforandevenpredictdifficultordangerousexperiencesinwakinglife.Ofcourse,it’spossiblethat

nightmares,likedreamsingeneral,don’thaveaprimaryfunction—thatthey’reaby-productofotheractivities

inthebody.Butmostsleepscientiststhinkthatdreamsandnightmaresexistforsomepurposes.

Onestudyfoundthemostcommonnightmarewasfalling,followedbydreamsofbeingchased,feelinglost,

andfeelingtrapped.Thenwhydonightmareshappen?

“Certaincircumstancesandcharacteristicsmakesomepeoplemorelikelytohavenightmaresthanothers,”

sayssleepmedicinespecialistDr.BarryKrakow.Hethinkspeoplewho’vebeentraumatized(使受精神創(chuàng)傷)are

certainlyatahigherriskofnightmaresExamplesareofferedofthosewhohavesufferedcriminalattacks,orwho

havebeeninlife-threateningaccidents.Peoplewithsomedegreeofsensitivityintheirbiologicalmake-uparealso

morelikelytohavebaddreams,sothey’remorecommoninpeoplewhosufferfromanxietyordepression,orwho

useexcessdrugsoralcohol.Thetraditionalbeliefoftenhasitthatnightmaresaretheresultofeatingtoomuch

richfoodbeforebedtime,butitisstilluncertainwhetherthisistrue.Onestudyfrom2015didfindalinkbetween

eatingdairyorhotfoodsbeforebedtimeandhavingdisturbingdreams,butthestudyauthorsnotedthatthis

couldn’tbeprovendefinitelybecausethedatawasself-reportedandtherewerealotofotherfactorstoconsider.

However,researchinrecentdecadeshasshownthatpeoplewhosufferfromsleepdisordersarealsomore

likelytohavenightmares.

Fromwhichsectionofawebsiteisthetextprobablytaken?

A．Mentalhealth.

B．Lifeexperiences.

C．Eatinghabits.

D．Popularculture.

易錯分析：對于網(wǎng)站的類別不熟悉，且文章中的細節(jié)未能正確理解。

【答案】A

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是科學家對于做噩夢原因的分析以及一些導致做噩夢的因素。

【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Doyouhavefrighteningdreamswhilesleeping?Accordingtoanemail

interviewbyclinicalpsychologistandsleepexpertDr.MichaelBreus,roughly5percentofthegeneralpopulation

hasatleastonebaddreamperweek.NightmarestypicallyhappenduringREMsleep,duringthemiddleandlater

partsofthenight.(你睡覺時會做可怕的夢嗎？根據(jù)臨床心理學家和睡眠專家MichaelBreus博士的電子郵件

采訪，大約5%的人每周至少做一次噩夢。噩夢通常發(fā)生在快速眼動睡眠期間，在夜間的中段和后期。)”

可知文章主要講的是科學家對于做噩夢原因的分析以及一些導致做噩夢的因素，由此可推知，文章可能選

自網(wǎng)站的心理健康部分。故選A。

【變式1】（江蘇省2024-2025學年高三名校聯(lián)考檢測試題）

Twenty-fourtrains,ninecountries,13,500miles.Theyarethenumbersbehindtheheroicroundtripone

mantookfromSouthamptonintheUKtoeasternChina.

RogerTyers,37,usedover$2,500,whichwasalmosttwicemorethanthecostofareturnflight,totravel

totheChineseportcityNingboforacademicresearchinMay,2019.Themanspentamonthonboard15trains

duringthefirstlegofhisroundtrip.Itwastheclimatecrisis,notaloveoftrains,thatdrovethesociologistto

choosethiscomplicatedrouteoverareturnflight.HestoppedflyingwhenUNclimateexpertswarnedthatthe

worldhadlessthan11yearstoavoidterriblelevelsofglobalwarming.Tyerscalculatedthathistrainjourneyto

Chinaproducedalmost90%lessemissionsthanareturnflight.

Tyersisnottheonlypersontoavoidairtravelinresponsetoclimatechange.Thousandsofpeople

worldwidehavepubliclypromisedtostopflying.ActivistMajaRosenlaunchedthe“FlightFree”campaignin

Swedenwiththegoalofencouraging100,000peoplenottoflyforoneyear.Althoughonlyaround14,000people

signedtheonline“#flightfree2019”pledge(保證),Rosen,whostoppedflying12yearsago,saysthatthe

campaignhadmademorepeopleworryabouttheclimatecrisisandawareofharmoftravelbyairandmotivated

themtotrynewwaysoftravelling.

AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinMay2019bySwedishRailways(SJ),37%ofrespondentschosetotravel

bytraininsteadofbyplanewherepossible,comparedto20%atthestartof2018.AnSJspokespersonsaid:“Rail

travelhasbeenaugmentedduetotheworries.”DomesticpassengernumbersinJulyfellby12%comparedtothe

previousyear,accordingtoSwedavia,acompanywhichoperatesSweden’s10busiestAirports.

“Thecollectivepledgehelpsfightthesenseofhopelessnessmanypeoplefeelwhenitcomestotackling

climatechange”,Rosensaid.“Oneoftheproblemsisthatpeoplefeelthere’snopointinwhatyoudoasan

individual.Thecampaignisaboutmakingpeopleawarethatifwedothistogether,wecanactuallybring

changes.”

Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A．Travel.

B．Environment.

C．Education.

D．Lifestyle.

【答案】B

【詳解】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了英國男子羅杰·泰爾斯為了響應氣候危機，選擇乘坐火車往返中

國進行學術研究，而放棄乘坐飛機。他的行為激勵了更多人關注氣候變化，嘗試新的旅行方式。

推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合第二段中“Itwastheclimatecrisis,notaloveoftrains,thatdrovethesociologistto

choosethiscomplicatedrouteoverareturnflight.(是氣候危機，而不是對火車的熱愛，驅使這位社會學家選擇

了這條復雜的路線，而不是回程航班)”以及第三段中“Tyersisnottheonlypersontoavoidairtravelin

responsetoclimatechange.Thousandsofpeopleworldwidehavepubliclypromisedtostopflying.ActivistMaja

Rosenlaunchedthe“FlightFree”campaigninSwedenwiththegoalofencouraging100,000peoplenottoflyfor

oneyear.(泰爾斯并不是唯一一個為了應對氣候變化而避免乘坐飛機的人。全球數(shù)千人公開承諾不再乘坐飛

機?；顒尤耸楷斞拧ち_森在瑞典發(fā)起了“無飛行”運動，目標是鼓勵10萬人一年不坐飛機)”可知，文章報道

了英國社會學家羅杰·泰爾斯為應對環(huán)境問題，選擇放棄乘坐飛機，乘坐火車往返中國進行學術研究，他的

行為激勵了更多人關注氣候變化，嘗試新的旅行方式。本文報道的內容與環(huán)境保護有關，所以最有可能出

自報紙的“環(huán)境”版塊。故選B。

【變式2】（江蘇省前黃高級中學2024-2025學年高三學情檢測）

WheretoShopinLondon

JamesSmith&Sons

Haveyoueverseenanoblemanwithafinewalkingstickorafashionablewomanwithanumbrellathat's

definitelynotoneofthosefive-dollarbargainsfromNewYorkCitystreet?Well；youcouldbethatpersontoo.

ButyouhavetogotoJameSmith&Sons.Theyspecializeinallkindsofhigh-qualitywalkingsticksand

umbrellas.

Harvie&Hudson

UKandItalyaretwoleadingcountrieswhenitcomestoclothingformen.Andyouknowthatit’llcostyou

yourwagesofseveralmonthstobuyasuitofclothesthere.ButHarvie&Hudsonisfairlyaccessible,

especiallyforthekindofqualityyouget.Aworthyalternative!Youcan’tgowrongwithtwosportjacketsfor

around￡200.That'sagooddeal.

Hatchards

HatchardsinPiccadilly,whichopenedin1797,canclaimtobetheoldestbookstoreintheUKwitharound

100,000books,andhasaspecialsectionforsignedfirsteditions,andchildren'sbooks.Beyondthat,itoffers

personalizedbooksubscriptionservicesforaveryreasonablesum—you'lljustneedtopayadditionalpostagefor

shipmenttoAmerica.

TheWhiskyExchange

Forthosewholovewhiskyandbrandy,thisisthebestchoice,sinceifsoneofthecity'simportantliquor

stores.It’spossibletoorderbottlestobeshippedtoAmerica.You'reboundtofindsomethingyou'llneverseeat

home.IfsliketheWillyWonkafactoryforScotchdrinkersandcollectors.

Whoarethetargetreadersofthetext?

A．Thenatives.

B．Britishvisitors.

C．Foreignstudents.

D．Americantravelers.

【答案】B

【導語】本文是一篇應用文，推薦了適合英國游客的四大購物圣地。

【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章題目“WheretoShopinLondon”(在倫敦去哪里購物)以及文章介紹個四大購

物圣地選擇可推斷出，文章的受眾應該是來英國的游客，尤其是來倫敦的游客。故選B。

【變式3】（廣東省東莞實驗中學高三下學期開學“收心”試題）

SpecialFoodPlacestoTryInSingapore

It’sanunpleasantfactthatlocalfoodplacesareusuallymeanttocatertomeat-eaters.Itcanbedifficulttofinda

tastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactory

treat.

VeganBurg

VeganBurghasasurprisinglydiverserangeofplant-basedburgers.FromHawaiianTeriyakito

Char-GrilledSatay,themenupromisestotempteventhemosthardcoremeatlovers.Andthat’snotevengetting

intotheadd-onsandsidesitoffers,suchasmushroomfriesandbarbecuepotatoes.

WoodsSquareTower,#01-06,Singapore737737

GenesisRestaurant

Thiseateryprovesthatmeat-freedishescanbeasheartyandflavorfulastheirmeat-basedcounterparts.

GenesisRestaurantisespeciallyknownforitsjuicydumplings,springrolls,pork-freenoodlesandtofu

cheesecake.

HavelockRoad,#B1-01,Singapore059763

WellSmoochtCollective

WellSmoochtisacafeanddessertbarwhichspecializesinplant-basedicecream.Madefrombrownrice,

sugarcanejuiceandfruitsornutbutters,Smoocht’sricecream,astheycallit,comesinawidevarietyof

deliciousflavorssuchasEarlGreyLavender,RoseCoconutandGulaMelaka.

SinMingCentre,#01-03,Singapore575628

GreenCommon

Thisone-stopplant-basedeateryandmarketplacehasadeliciousmenuofmouth-wateringmeat-freedishes,

fromJapanesecuisinelikesushiandmisoglazedfillettoWesterndisheslikefishlesstacosandpasta,aswellas

localfavouritessuchasseafoodlaksaandevenbuahkeluakrice.

HarbourFrontWalk,#169-170,Singapore098585

Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A．Thosewhowanttoloseweight.

B．Thosewhodon’teatmeat.

C．Thosewhocan’tgowithoutmeat.

D．Thosewhopreferhome-madefood.

【答案】B

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了新加坡的素食美食。

【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.

Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.(很難找到一個迎合無肉飲食的美食

場所。這里有一些選擇，告訴你不需要吃肉就能得到令人滿意的款待。)”可推知，這篇文章是寫給那些不

吃肉的人的。故選B。

【易錯點提醒三】寫作目的和意圖易混易錯點

【例3】（2025屆河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考）

Areyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstay

withyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteer

HQ(IVHQ)-theworld’smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.

Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprograms

for16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCarein

CostaRicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou’rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhigh

school,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!

Benefitsforvolunteers:

Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandadd

experiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.

Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.

Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,and

wayofthinking.

Guaranteedsupport:

ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwith

you.Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we’realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensureall

theirquestionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-going

supportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteers

arewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.

Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobal

perspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_____.

A．a(chǎn)dvocatevolunteering

B．introducerequirements

C．a(chǎn)dvertiseaservice

D．suggestalifestyle

易錯分析：不能從引述話語中理解作者意圖、推斷作者深層含義。

【答案】C

【導語】本文是一篇應用文，文章主要是InternationalVolunteerHQ為志愿者提供的服務的廣告。

【詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperiencea

completelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappy

toofferaservice.(如果您準備好打包行李，體驗完全不同的生活方式，拓寬您的全球視野，請與我們聯(lián)系。

IVHQ將非常樂意為您提供服務。)”可知，本文是InternationalVolunteerHQ為志愿者提供的服務的廣告，

因此目的是為一種服務做廣告。故選C。

【變式1】（江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學2024-2025學年高三學情檢測）

Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urban

heatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandother

subsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎設施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.

AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthat

giveofftheheatinthefirstplace.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”

saysstudyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.

Humansaren’ttheonlypotentiallyaffected.“Foralotofthingsinthesubsurface,it’skindof‘outofsight,

outofmind’,”saysGrantFerguson,ageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreaturesthathaveadapted

tosubsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeand

undergroundurbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforunderground

ecosystems.

Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldaffectinfrastructurehasgonelargelyunstudied.

Becausematerialsexpandandcontractwithtemperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfrom

undergroundcouldbecontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.Tounderstandhowunderground

temperaturedifferencehasaffectedtheground’sphysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模擬)

theundergroundenvironmentfromthe1950stonow—andthento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthis

century,someareasmayliftupwardbyasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingonthe

soilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Thoughthesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcause

cracksinthefoundationsofsomebuildings,causingbuildingstofall.

KathrinMenberg,ageoscientistinGermany,saysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondher

guessesandcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-heavysoils.“Claymaterialisparticularlysensitive,”shesays,“It

wouldbeabigissueinallcitiesworldwidethatarebuiltonsuchmaterial.”

Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccurgradually.“Theseeffectstookdecades

todevelop,”Fergusonsays,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimeto

dissipateontheirown.“Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingoff,andit’sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperature

signal,forquiteawhile.”

ButFergusonsaysthiswastedheatenergycouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthe

subsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuesto

boostundergroundwarming.Howeverslowly,thisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.“It’slikeclimatechange,”

RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tseeitalways,butit’shappening.”

Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A．Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.

B．Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.

C．Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.

D．Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.

【答案】A

【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了城市的熱量正在向地下傳播，這會影響到一些地面建筑材料，且這種

變化是不易察覺的，是一種無聲的危險。

【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareas

hotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,

andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎設施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothe

surroundingearth.(城市的街道和屋頂都會吸收熱量，這使得一些城市地區(qū)比農(nóng)村地區(qū)更熱。隨著城市熱量

向下傳播，這些“城市熱島”也會在地下發(fā)展，地鐵軌道和其他地下基礎設施也會不斷向周圍的地球輻射熱

量)”及第二段“AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysame

structuresthatgiveofftheheatinthefirstplace.(一項針對芝加哥市中心的新研究表明，地下熱點可能會威脅

到最初散發(fā)熱量的相同結構)”結合最后一段““It’slikeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tsee

italways,butit’shappening.”(“這就像氣候變化，”羅塔·洛里亞說?！耙苍S我們并不總是看到這種情況，但它

正在發(fā)生。”)”可知，本文介紹了城市的熱量正在向地下傳播，這會影響到一些地面建筑材料，且這種變化

是不易察覺的，因此，作者想要告訴我們“地下氣候變化是一種無聲的危險”。故選A。

【變式2】（安徽省合肥第一中學2024-2025學年高三學情檢測）

Ashopkeeper’ssonbreaksawindow,causingacrowdtogather.Theytelltheshopkeepernottobeangry:

actually,thebrokenwindowisareasontocelebrate,sinceitwillcreateworkfortheglazier(裝玻璃的工人).In

thestory,writtenbya19th-centuryeconomist,thecrowdenvisionstheworkinvolvedinrepairingthewindow,

butnotthatinvolvedineverythingelseonwhichtheshopkeepercouldhavespenthismoney—unseen

possibilitiesthatwouldhavebroughthimgreaterhappiness.

Ifthatwindowweretobebroken