高三英語考生請注意：1.本試卷共16頁，滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘.考試結(jié)束后，交回答題紙；2.答題前，請務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號用0.5毫米黑色中性筆或碳素筆在答題紙上進(jìn)行書寫；3.作答選擇題，必須用2B鉛筆將答題紙上的對應(yīng)題目的答題標(biāo)號涂黑涂滿；如需改動，請用橡皮擦干凈后，再更正其它的答案.未在答題紙上作答的、在答題紙規(guī)定區(qū)域以外答題的一律無效；第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.What’sthehomeworkforhistoryclass?A.Readingchapters4and5.B.Readingchapters5and6.C.Writingafiveessay.2.Whydidthemanstarttolearnamusicalinstrument?A.Hehadamusicclassatschool.B.Hewantedtostartanewactivity.C.Hewasaskedtodoitbyhisparents.3.Whatcausedthecompany’ssalestoincrease?A.Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B.Theextrasalespeople.C.Thediscountprices.4.Whocouldhavemadethereservation?A.Mary.B.Burton.C.David.5.Howdidthewomanlearnabouttheweather?A.Shecheckeditonline.B.Sheobservedthecloudsherself.C.ShewatchedtheweatherreportonTV.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdidAlicebringbacktoday?A.Somewoodenbookmarks.B.Somenewbooks.C.Someleaves.7WhatdoesAlicewanttodonow?A.Goforawalk.B.Takeashower.C.Dosomeshopping.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatdoesLilysuggestMrStensondo?A.Loosenthesoil.B.Changethecrop.C.Waterthefields.9.WhatdoweknowaboutLily’suncle?A.Heoftenshareshisproducts.B.HelivesfarfromLily.C.Heisgoodatfarming.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WheredoesMollycomefrom?AJapan.B.Canada.C.Singapore.11.WhendidMollybegintoski?A.Atagefour.B.Atageseven.C.Atagethirteen.12.WhatmadeMollydecidetobeaskier?A.Herloveforsnow.B.Hermom’schoice.C.Herfriend’ssupport.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhoisMrTimms?A.Theheadofthecompany.B.Thevolunteerorganizer.C.ATrueBlueNeighborsrepresentative.14.Accordingtothewoman,whatisthebiggestneed?A.Servingmeals.B.Tutoringvolunteers.C.Collectinghouseholditems.15.Whatwillhappeniftheemployeesjointhetutoringprogram?A.Theywillbepaidbyday.B.Theywillreceivetraining.C.Theywillneedtosignup.16.Whatwilltheemployeesprobablydoaftertheconversation?A.Makesomeinformationsheets.B.Getsomedinnertogether.C.Readsomemoreinformation.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whocantakepartinthecontest?A.Studentsingrades2to9.B.Studentsingrades2to8.C.Studentsingrades2to7.18.HowoftenistheNoeticLearningMathContestheld?A.Onceayear.B.Twiceayear.C.Onceeverytwoyears.19.Whatarestudentsrequiredtododuringthecontest?A.Solve45problemsinanhour.B.Solve10problemsinhalfanhour.C.Solve20problemsin45minutes.20.Whatwillthehighestscorerofeachteamreceive?A.A“TeamWinner”medal.B.A“TeamAchievementPlaque”.C.A“NationalHonorRoll”medal.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAtYnezLibrary,wearechampionsofcuriosity.Atitscore,ourmissionfornearlyfourcenturieshasbeentoadvancethelearning,research,andpursuitoftruth.Oureffortsaremotivatedandpoweredbyworkingcollaboratively,embracingdiverseperspectives,championingaccess,aimingfortheextraordinary,andalwaysleadingwithcuriosity.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforvisitorstoexperienceourcollections.YnezIDholdersmaybringuptofourguestsintothelibrary.Formoredetails,clickonthefollowingicons(圖標(biāo)).VisitorsInterestedinusingourlibraries,butarenotaYnezstudent,faculty,alum,orstaff?You’reintherightplace.ExhibitsLibraryexhibitstelltheuniquestoriesofourdiverseanddeepcollections.Manyareopentothepublic.ToursBrowseupcominglibrarytours.Sometoursareopentothepublic;othersareopentoYnezIDHoldersandtheirguests.EventsManylibraryeventsareopentothepublic,includingacademicmeetings,forums,lectures,etc.CheckAdmittanceinformationfirst.SPECIALCOLLECTIONSManyofourlibrariesarehometorareanduniquematerials,whichareavailabletoallresearchers.?Ourspecialcollectionsareopentoallwithoutafee,byappointment.?Pleasecontacttheholdinglibrarytolearnmoreaboutaccessingtheirspecialcollectionitemsinperson.?Differentlibrarieshavedifferentholdings,soyoumaywanttostartbyusingoursearchtoolstofindmaterialsrelevanttoyourresearch.1.WhatdoesYnezLibraryhighlightinthefirstparagraph?A.Itsnewchanges. B.Itsmainvalues.C.Itsbestachievements. D.Itsworkingprinciples.2.Whichpartshouldapersonclickonifheplanstoattendascientist’sspeech?A.Visitors. B.Exhibits. C.Tours. D.Events.3.Howcanaresearcherfindthespecialholdingsquicklyinthelibrary?A.Bypayingaspecialfee. B.Byvisitingmainlibraries.C.Bylocatingthemonline. D.Byappointingalibrarian.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文是Ynez圖書館的介紹，闡述了圖書館的使命和核心價值觀及為訪客提供的不同服務(wù)和活動，并說明了怎樣接觸特殊收藏?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AtYnezLibrary,wearechampionsofcuriosity.Atitscore,ourmissionfornearlyfourcenturieshasbeentoadvancethelearning,research,andpursuitoftruth.Oureffortsaremotivatedandpoweredbyworkingcollaboratively,embracingdiverseperspectives,championingaccess,aimingfortheextraordinary,andalwaysleadingwithcuriosity.(在伊內(nèi)茲圖書館，我們是好奇心的捍衛(wèi)者。近四個世紀(jì)以來，我們的核心使命一直是推動學(xué)習(xí)、研究和追求真理。我們努力受到合作的激勵和推動，擁抱不同的觀點，支持訪問，以非凡為目標(biāo)，并始終以好奇心為導(dǎo)向。)”可知，Ynez圖書館在第一段中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是它的核心價值觀。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“Events”部分中“Manylibraryeventsareopentothepublic,includingacademicmeetings,forums,lectures,etc.CheckAdmittanceinformationfirst.(圖書館的許多活動都對公眾開放，包括學(xué)術(shù)會議、論壇、講座等。先查一下準(zhǔn)入信息。)”可知，如果一個人打算參加一位科學(xué)家的講座，他應(yīng)該點擊“Events”部分。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SPECIALCOLLECTIONS”部分中第三個小黑點內(nèi)容“Differentlibrarieshavedifferentholdings,soyoumaywanttostartbyusingoursearchtoolstofindmaterialsrelevanttoyourresearch.(不同的圖書館有不同的館藏，所以你可以先使用我們的搜索工具來查找與你的研究相關(guān)的資料。)”可知，研究人員可以通過在線搜索快速找到特殊收藏。故選C項。BStatenIsland’sFreshkills,onceadumpingground(垃圾傾倒場)forNewYorkers,isnowabreathtakingpark.ThefirstpartwasopenedtothepublicinOctober.Withitsgrassland,hillsandwaterwaysofferinghikingandsuperbbird-watching,thisisagreatexampleofurbanhabitatrestoration.Freshkills,knownforitsstench,wasinoperationfor53years.Localsusedtoavoidtheplaceandhadtoholdtheirbreathwhentheypassedby.Itwastheworld’slargestdumpinggroundandwassohugethatitcouldbeseenfromouterspace.Freshkillswasclosed22yearsago,and21acresofitwereopenedinmid-October.“I’mhappytoseethatthisareahasbecomeanewgreenspace.ItisahomeforlocalplantsandanimalsandgivestheresidentsofStatenIslandaplacetobeoutdoors,exerciseandbreathefreshair.Thenewlyopenedparkfeatureswalkingpaths,hikingtrails,sevenacresofnativeseedplots,abird-observationtower,andadeckthatoverlooksthehills,grasslandandwaterways,”saysalocalcalledAdams.“Iusedtoavoidapproachingtheplace,butnowI’mlookingforwardtoexploringit.”Thisprojectisentirelyfocusedonenvironmentalmanagement.Solarpanelsprovidelightingintheparkinglotandrestrooms,whilethetoiletsarecomposting(堆肥),returningwastetosoil.Acomplexsystemwasusedtodecomposethelandfillwasteandtoprotectthenewtopsoil.Therearealsoplanstoreusethegasandliquidbyproductsofthedecomposingwaste.Therewasonce29,000tonsoftrashdumpeddailyatFreshkills.Today,thesiteistotallytransformed,hometo1,000acresofgrasslandhabitatthatwasseededwithnativegrassmix.Thisisattractingmanybirdsthathavenotbeenseenforyears.LocalswillcometoFreshkillstorelaxandconnectwithnature.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stench”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Freshandcoolair. B.Unpleasantsmell.C.Breathtakingscenery. D.Abandonedgrassland.5.WhatdoesAdamsthinkofcurrentFreshkills?A.Unapproachable. B.Undeveloped.C.Fascinating. D.Well-equipped.6.Whatdoestheparkfeature?A.Itscomplexhistory. B.Itsstrictmanagement.C.Itsrapidurbanization. D.Itsenvironmentalprotection.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromotethelocaltourism.B.Tointroduceatransformedplace.C.Totellthehistoryofadumpingground.D.Toencouragereaderstogetclosetonature.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紐約史坦頓島弗萊什基爾斯垃圾場成功轉(zhuǎn)型為生態(tài)公園的過程與意義?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Freshkills,knownforitsstench,wasinoperationfor53years.Localsusedtoavoidtheplaceandhadtoholdtheirbreathwhentheypassedby.(弗萊什基爾斯以它的stench聞名，運營了53年。當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^去常避開此地，經(jīng)過時不得不屏住呼吸)”可知，“stench”是讓人們避之不及、需屏住呼吸的事物，結(jié)合垃圾場的屬性，推測其意為“難聞的氣味”。故選B。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Adams說的話“I’mhappytoseethatthisareahasbecomeanewgreenspace.(我很高興看到這個地區(qū)變成了一個新的綠色空間)”以及“Iusedtoavoidapproachingtheplace,butnowI’mlookingforwardtoexploringit.(我過去常常避開這個地方，但現(xiàn)在我期待著去探索它)”可推斷出，Adams認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的弗萊什基爾斯很有吸引力。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thisprojectisentirelyfocusedonenvironmentalmanagement.(這個項目完全專注于環(huán)境管理)”以及后文對公園在環(huán)保方面舉措的描述，如太陽能板、堆肥廁所、分解垃圾系統(tǒng)等，可知這個公園的特點是注重環(huán)境保護(hù)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“StatenIsland’sFreshkills,onceadumpingground(垃圾傾倒場)forNewYorkers,isnowabreathtakingpark.ThefirstpartwasopenedtothepublicinOctober.Withitsgrassland,hillsandwaterwaysofferinghikingandsuperbbird-watching,thisisagreatexampleofurbanhabitatrestoration.(史坦頓島的弗萊什基爾斯公園曾是紐約人的垃圾傾倒場，如今卻成了一座令人嘆為觀止的公園。今年10月，該公園的第一部分已向公眾開放。這里草地廣袤、山丘起伏、水道縱橫，可供人們徒步旅行，也是觀鳥的絕佳去處，堪稱城市棲息地修復(fù)的典范)”結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了史坦頓島的弗萊什基爾斯公園曾經(jīng)是一個垃圾傾倒場，現(xiàn)在變成了一個令人驚嘆的公園，重點介紹了其環(huán)保方面的特點和變化。由此推斷，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是介紹一個轉(zhuǎn)變了的地方。故選B。CTasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowfoodsmakeusfeel,butmuchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheysparkforusandthepeoplewe’rewithwhileweenjoythem.Becausefoodisessentialforoursurvival,ourbrainsrewardusforeatinganythingatallbyreleasingopioid-basedchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood,saidPaulBreslin,anutritionalscientist.Butasanyonewho’severeatenapplepiesknows,sweetscanmakeusfeelespeciallynice.Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)increasebrainlevelsofserotonin,achemicalthatenhancesmood.Certainfoodsareespeciallyemotionallysatisfyingforreasonsthathavelittletodowiththeirtasteornutritionalcontent,though.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.ManyfavoriteAmericancomfortfoods—chili,say,ortomatosoup—arenotparticularlysweetorhighincarbohydrates.“Oftenwelovefoodbecausewehavefoundmemoriesassociatedwithit,”Dr.Breslinsaid.“Mymom’smashedpotatoes(土豆泥)remindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.”Wearealsodrawntofoodsweweregivenearlyinlifebypeoplewhocaredforus,whichcanhelpexplainourcollectiveloveforchickensoup,whichmanyparentsfeedtheirsickchildrentomakethemfeelbetter.Thesmelloffoodcanrecallpowerfulmemories,too.Ourmemoryforsmellsislong-lastingandprecise,especiallywhenitcomestoscentswewerefirstexposedtoinchildhood.That’swhyyoumightcatchawhiffofpumpkinpiebakingintheovenandbetransportedbacktothefirsttimeyoubakeditwithyourgrandmother.Inadditiontopastmemories,thecontextinwhichweeatfoodsshapeshowmuchweenjoytheminthemoment.Iappreciatedmymom’sSnowyMashedPotatoesthatmuchmoretodaybecauseIgottoeatthemwithmyhusbandandtwochildren,thethreepeopleIlovemostintheworld.8.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcomfortfoods?A.Theydependonthetaste. B.Theycontaincarbohydrates.C.Theyvaryacrosscultures. D.Theyensurehumansurvival.9.InDrBreslin’scase,whydowehaveafondnessforfood?A.Foritsnutritionalcontent. B.Forourmemoriesforit.C.Foritsparticularsmell. D.Forourhighexpectationforit.10.Whydoestheauthormentionherhusbandandchildren?A.Topictureafamilyscene. B.Torecommendafood.C.Tomakeasuggestion. D.Tosupportanidea.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Thescienceofcomfortfoods B.TheinfluenceofmemoriesC.Theimpactofdiningcontext D.Thepowerofcarbohydrates【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要以“治愈系食物”為核心話題，分析了人們對喜愛的食物，尤其是治愈系食物的好感，并非僅源于其味道和營養(yǎng)成分，更關(guān)鍵的是這些食物所承載的回憶，以及當(dāng)下食用時的陪伴場景；同時提到不同文化的安慰食物存在差異?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.(畢竟，不同的文化有不同的治愈系食物。)”可知，治愈系食物因文化不同而不同。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“‘Oftenwelovefoodbecausewehavefoundmemoriesassociatedwithit,’Dr.Breslinsaid.(Breslin博士說：“我們經(jīng)常喜歡食物，因為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了與食物相關(guān)的記憶?！?”可知，在Dr.Breslin看來，我們喜愛食物，往往是因為它關(guān)聯(lián)著我們的回憶。故選B項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀最后一段可知，該段首句“Inadditiontopastmemories,thecontextinwhichweeatfoodsshapeshowmuchweenjoytheminthemoment.(除了過往的記憶之外，我們進(jìn)食時所處的情境也會影響我們當(dāng)下對食物的喜愛程度。)”提出了論點“除了過往回憶，進(jìn)食的場景也會影響我們對食物的喜愛程度”，而“Iappreciatedmymom’sSnowyMashedPotatoesthatmuchmoretodaybecauseIgottoeatthemwithmyhusbandandtwochildren,thethreepeopleIlovemostintheworld.(今天我格外珍視媽媽做的雪白的土豆泥，因為我能和我最愛的三個人——我的丈夫和兩個孩子一起享用。)”提及的“和丈夫、孩子一起吃媽媽的土豆泥，感覺更美味”可以作為實例，印證該觀點。由此推知，作者提到丈夫和孩子的目的是支持本段論點。故選D項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章首段內(nèi)容“…butmuchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheysparkforusandthepeoplewe’rewithwhileweenjoythem.(……但我們從最愛的食物中獲得的大部分快樂，都源自它們喚起的回憶以及與我們一同享用這些食物的人。)”講明了文章的核心內(nèi)容，即，文章主要以“治愈系食物”為話題，介紹了其情感價值（回憶、場景），也結(jié)合營養(yǎng)學(xué)知識（大腦釋放阿片類物質(zhì)、碳水提升血清素），全面解釋了人們喜愛治愈系食物的原因。由此可知，A項“Thescienceofcomfortfoods(治愈系食物的科學(xué)原理)”高度概括了文章要義，可作最合適的標(biāo)題。故選A項。DAstudyoftwinsshowsthathavingaconcussion(腦震蕩)earlyinlifeistiedtohavinglowerscoresontestsofthinkingandmemoryskillsdecadeslateraswellashavingmorerapiddeclineinthosescoresthantwinswhodidnothaveaconcussion,ortraumaticbraininjury(TBI).ThestudyispublishedintheonlineissueofNeurology.“Thesefindingsindicatethatevenpeoplewithtraumaticbraininjuriesinearlierlifewhoappeartohavefullyrecoveredfromthemmaystillbeatincreasedriskofcognitiveproblemslater,”saidstudyauthorMarianneChanti-KetterlofDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.“Amongidenticaltwins,whosharethesamegenesandmanyofthesameexposuresearlyinlife,wefoundthatthetwinwhohadaconcussionhadlowertestscoresandfasterdeclinethantheirtwinwhohadneverhadaconcussion.”Thestudyinvolved8,662menwhowereWorldWarⅡveterans.Theparticipantstookatestofthinkingskillsatthestartofthestudywhentheywereanaverageageof67andthenagainuptothreemoretimesover12years.Scoresforthetestcanrangefrom0to50.Theaveragescoreforallparticipantsatthebeginningofthestudywas32.5points.Atotalof25%oftheparticipantshadexperiencedaconcussionintheirlife.Twinswhohadexperiencedaconcussionweremorelikelytohavelowertestscoresatage70,especiallyiftheyhadaconcussionwheretheylostconsciousnessorwereolderthan24whentheyhadtheirconcussion.Theresearchtookintoaccountotherfactorsthatcouldaffectthinkingskills,suchashighbloodpressure,alcoholuse,smokingstatusandeducation.“Althoughtheseeffectsizesaremodest,thecontributionofTBIonlatelifecognition,inadditiontonumerousotherfactorswithaharmfuleffectoncognition,maybeenoughtotriggeranevaluationforcognitiveimpairment,”Chanti-Ketterlsaid.“Withthetrendweareseeingwithincreasedemergencyroomvisitsduetosportsorrecreationactivityinjuries,combinedwiththeestimatedhalfmillionmembersofthemilitarywhosufferedaTBIbetween2000and2020,thepotentiallong-termimpactofTBIcannotbeoverlooked.Theseresultsmayhelpusidentifypeoplewhomaybenefitfromearlyinterventionsthatmayslowcognitivedeclineorpotentiallydelayorpreventdementia(癡呆).”12.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Tohighlightthemethodofthestudy. B.Toshowtheresultofthestudy.C.Todiscussthecauseofconcussions. D.Toprovidestatisticsaboutconcussions.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudy?A.Allparticipantssharedthesamegenes.B.Scoresforthefinaltestaveraged32.5points.C.PeoplewithTBIrecovereasilyinearlierlife.DConcussionsearlyinlifeharmlatelifecognition.14.Whatisapotentialoutcomeofthestudy?A.Immediaterecovery. B.Guaranteeddementia.C.Enhancedphysicalabilities. D.Earlierintervention.15.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anovelabouttwins. B.Afashionmagazine.C.Amedicalresearchjournal. D.AhistoricalreviewofWWⅡ.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項針對雙胞胎的研究表明，早年經(jīng)歷腦震蕩與幾十年后思維和記憶能力測試得分較低以及這些得分下降速度更快有關(guān)，還探討了其潛在影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Astudyoftwinsshowsthathavingaconcussion(腦震蕩)earlyinlifeistiedtohavinglowerscoresontestsofthinkingandmemoryskillsdecadeslateraswellashavingmorerapiddeclineinthosescoresthantwinswhodidnothaveaconcussion,ortraumaticbraininjury(TBI).(一項針對雙胞胎的研究表明，早年經(jīng)歷腦震蕩與幾十年后思維和記憶能力測試得分較低以及這些得分下降速度比沒有經(jīng)歷腦震蕩或創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷（TBI）的雙胞胎更快有關(guān))”可推知，第一段主要展示了研究結(jié)果。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段研究結(jié)果以及第二段中“Thesefindingsindicatethatevenpeoplewithtraumaticbraininjuriesinearlierlifewhoappeartohavefullyrecoveredfromthemmaystillbeatincreasedriskofcognitiveproblemslater(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，即使是早年有創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷且看似已完全康復(fù)的人，日后仍可能面臨更高的認(rèn)知問題風(fēng)險)”等內(nèi)容可推斷出，早年經(jīng)歷腦震蕩會損害晚年的認(rèn)知能力。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theseresultsmayhelpusidentifypeoplewhomaybenefitfromearlyinterventionsthatmayslowcognitivedeclineorpotentiallydelayorpreventdementia(癡呆).(這些結(jié)果可能有助于我們識別可能受益于早期干預(yù)的人，早期干預(yù)可能減緩認(rèn)知能力下降，或可能延遲或預(yù)防癡呆)”可知，研究的潛在結(jié)果是能夠進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。全文圍繞一項發(fā)表于《Neurology》（神經(jīng)病學(xué)）在線期刊的醫(yī)學(xué)研究展開，內(nèi)容涉及腦震蕩、認(rèn)知衰退、雙胞胎對照實驗等專業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)話題，語言客觀嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，符合醫(yī)學(xué)研究期刊特征，所以這篇文章可能來自醫(yī)學(xué)研究期刊。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文學(xué)家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.____16____Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.Iammostinterestedintheimpactofwarmingtemperaturesonsnowmeltingrates,andIhavestartedstudyingsnowmeltsince2009inUtahandColorado.WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.____17____It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉積)ontosnow.____18____Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(鏟子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.Oneyear,Ihitadustyareaofsnow,brokemyskiandslicedmylegopen.Inareaswithheavydustdeposition,suchasthesouthernRockyMountains,dustspeedsupmeltingbyoneortwomonths.Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.____19____I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.____20____Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently.A.Thedustcausedalotoftrouble.B.Iwentformilesinthewilderness.C.Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.D.Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.E.InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.F.Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.G.Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.【答案】16.G17.E18.C19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雪水文學(xué)家McKenzieSkiles的研究工作及其意義?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文學(xué)家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.(我叫McKenzieSkiles，是鹽湖城猶他大學(xué)的雪水文學(xué)家)”以及下文“Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.(實際上，目的是追蹤灰塵對水資源的影響)”可知，這里介紹了自己的身份和職業(yè)并指出實際上工作的目的是追蹤灰塵對水資源的影響。因此，這里需要一個句子來銜接上下文，并解釋自己的工作具體是什么，與G項“Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.(我的工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，測量雪上的灰塵)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.(當(dāng)我滑雪到猶他州的研究地點為我的實驗收集雪時，山區(qū)景觀被灰塵覆蓋)”以及下文“It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉積)ontosnow.(很明顯，2009年是雪上灰塵沉積最多的年份之一)”可知，這句話描述了在猶他州的研究地點滑雪收集雪樣時，山區(qū)景觀被灰塵覆蓋的情景。接下來，需要找到一個句子，它既能與上句中的描述相聯(lián)系，又能為下句提供背景或證據(jù)，E項“InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.(在科羅拉多州，沙漠土壤中的紅色灰塵也被吹進(jìn)來了)”表達(dá)的含義符合語境，故選E項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(鏟子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.(我通常要走幾公里，帶著一個27公斤重的包和一把鏟子挖雪洞，帶著削雪和測量雪密度的工具，帶著收集雪進(jìn)行分析的容器)”可知，此處表達(dá)的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，與C項“Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.(做我的研究絕非易事)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選C項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.(氣溫升高會影響積雪，但隨著時間的推移，灰塵會堆積起來，使地表變暗)”這句話表明了兩個事實：一是空氣溫度的升高會影響雪的積聚，二是隨著時間的推移，灰塵會不斷積累并使雪的表面變黑。接下來，需要找到一個合適的句子來承接這個描述，并解釋灰塵使雪的表面變黑之后可能產(chǎn)生的后果，與F項“Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.(因此，雪會吸收更多的陽光，加速融化)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.(我現(xiàn)在正在探索不同冰雪景觀，以便進(jìn)一步研究。例如，森林火災(zāi)后黑碳的積累如何影響融化)”以及下文“Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently(隨著我們進(jìn)入一個可能更加塵土飛揚的未來，我們需要他們預(yù)測融雪，原因有很多，包括研究如何有效利用美國西部的水)”可知，此處表示的是作者正在探索不同的冰雪景觀以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究，并給出了一個具體的例子，即森林火災(zāi)后黑色碳的積累如何影響融化。接下來，作者談到了未來可能會更加多塵的環(huán)境，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了預(yù)測雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美國西部有效利用水資源，在這個背景下，需要找到一個句子來連接上文中關(guān)于雪融化的研究與下文中對未來環(huán)境的預(yù)測以及水資源利用的討論，D項“Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.(目標(biāo)之一是開發(fā)融雪模型)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwideThereareactuallyrecordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot____21____.Thecommunityovenswereplaceswherepeoplechattedtogetherwhiletheirfoodwas____22____.Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas____23____theuniqueapproach.It____24____tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which____25____takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.It’sreportedthatduetotheincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot____26____toleavetheirovensonthatlong.OwnerEdHamilton-TrewhitttoldtheBBC,“We’ve____27____theideaofacommunityovenfromancienttimes.Peoplecan____28____theircakebase(胚)athome.But____29____beingbakedintheirownovens,itcanbe_____30_____toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking.”“Itstruckmethatifonewas_____31_____abouttheenergycostsofbakingtheChristmascake,therewouldbelotsmoreoutthere_____32_____thesamesituation,”headded.“Inthebigpicture,itcostsmesolittlebutmakesamassive_____33_____.”Theresponsetothisattempthasbeenso_____34_____thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovidedthe_____35_____untilrightbeforeChristmas.Afterall,that’swhatbeingagoodneighborisallabout.21.A.reliable B.available C.safe D.useful22.A.saved B.shared C.displayed D.cooked23.A.witnessed B.suggested C.adopted D.advertised24.A.offers B.fails C.declines D.happens25.A.exactly B.hardly C.typically D.occasionally26.A.afford B.wait C.fear D.refuse27.A.challenged B.explained C.removed D.reintroduced28.A.bake B.prepare C.cut D.enjoy29.A.insteadof B.regardlessof C.dueto D.asfor30.A.returned B.delivered C.sold D.lent31.A.excited B.curious C.upset D.certain32.A.accustomedto B.devotedto C.satisfiedwith D.facedwith33.A.difference B.profit C.decision D.development34.A.direct B.positive C.complex D.timely35.A.food B.fuel C.recipe D.service【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Brickyard面包店沿用了古老的社區(qū)烤箱的想法，給人們提供了可以邊聊天邊烤食物的服務(wù)，這也幫助節(jié)省了顧客烘烤的燃料費用?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，有記錄可以追溯到12世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時還沒有家用烤箱。A.reliable可依靠的；B.available可用的，可獲得的；C.safe安全的；D.useful有用的。根據(jù)上文中的“Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.(社區(qū)烤箱是全世界有數(shù)百年歷史的傳統(tǒng)。)”和空前的“recordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot”可知，社區(qū)烤箱有上百年歷史，它能追溯到12世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時沒有家用烤箱。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：社區(qū)烤爐是人們在烤食物時一起聊天的地方。A.saved節(jié)??；B.shared分享；C.displayed展示；D.cooked煮（或烘烤、煎炸等）。根據(jù)句中的“Thecommunityovens”和下文中的“bakecakes”可知，社區(qū)烤箱給人們提供邊聊天邊烤食物的場所。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：快進(jìn)到今天，Brickyard面包店采用了這種獨特的方法。A.witnessed目睹；B.suggested建議；C.adopted采用；D.advertised做廣告。根據(jù)空后的“theuniqueapproach”和下文中的“It____4____tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which____5____takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社區(qū)烤箱這種獨特的方法。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它為顧客提供烤蛋糕的服務(wù)，并為他們提供一個可以待的溫暖地方，同時讓他們在烤箱里烤蛋糕，通常需要四個或更多小時。A.offers主動提出，提供；B.fails失敗，未能；C.declines下降；D.happens發(fā)生。根據(jù)空后的“tobakecakesforcustomers andprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostay

”可知，Brickyard面包店為顧客提供烤蛋糕的服務(wù)。且下文“thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovided

”也是提示。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.exactly精確地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.typically通常，一般；D.occasionally偶爾。根據(jù)空后的“takefourormorehourstobake”并結(jié)合常識可知，烤蛋糕通常需要四個或更多小時。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)報道，由于燃料成本的增加，許多人無法承受烤箱開那么久。A.afford買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B.wait等待；C.fear害怕；D.refuse拒絕。根據(jù)句中的“duetotheincreasingcostoffuel”可知，由于燃料成本上升，許多個人支付不起開太久烤箱的燃料費用。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們重新引入了舊時社區(qū)烤箱的想法。A.challenged向……挑戰(zhàn)；B.explained解釋；C.removed移開；D.reintroduced再次使用，重新引入。根據(jù)上文中的“Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas____3____theuniqueapproach.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社區(qū)烤箱這種古老的做法，也就是重新引入了這種傳統(tǒng)想法。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們可以在家里準(zhǔn)備蛋糕胚。A.bake烘烤；B.prepare準(zhǔn)備；C.cut切，割；D.enjoy喜愛。根據(jù)空后的“theircakebase(胚)athome”和下文中的“itcanbe____10____toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”可知，顧客可以在家準(zhǔn)備好蛋糕胚，然后在面包店烘烤。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：但不是在自己的烤箱里烤制，而是可以送到我們的面包店進(jìn)行大量烘焙。A.insteadof而不是；B.regardlessof不管；C.dueto由于；D.asfor至于?！癰eingbakedintheirownovens”和“itcanbe____10____toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”之間是替代關(guān)系，這里是說可以在面包店大量烘焙，而不是在家里的烤箱烘焙。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.returned返回；B.delivered運載，交付；C.sold賣；D