2025英語專業(yè)考研閱讀專項訓(xùn)練試卷及答案考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Passage1Thedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofcommunication,renderingmanytraditionalmethodsobsoleteovernight.Whiletheconvenienceofinstantmessagingandsocialmediaplatformsisundeniable,agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatthesedigitalinteractionsareerodingthedepthandqualityofhumanconnection.Unlikeface-to-faceconversations,whicharerichwithnon-verbalcuesliketoneofvoice,facialexpressions,andbodylanguage,digitalcommunicationoftenreliesonsteriletextformats.Thislackofcontextualrichnesscaneasilyleadtomisunderstandings,asnuancesandemotionalundertonesarefrequentlylostintranslationthroughmeretyping.Furthermore,thesheervolumeofdigitalmessagescanfosterasenseofsuperficiality,encouragingquick,oftenthoughtlessresponsesratherthantheconsideredengagementthatmeaningfulrelationshipsrequire.Criticsarguethatthistrendtowardsshallowerinteractionsiscultivatingagenerationaccustomedtofleetingconnections,potentiallydiminishingthecapacityforempathyanddeep,sustaineddialogue–pillarsvitalforrobustcommunitybuildingandpersonalfulfillment.Questions1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantdrawbackofdigitalcommunicationcomparedtoface-to-faceinteraction?2.Theword"irrevocably"inthefirstsentenceisbestunderstoodasmeaning:3.Whataspectofcommunicationishighlightedasbeingparticularlyvulnerabletomisunderstandingindigitalformats?4.Howdoestheauthorsuggestthatdigitalcommunicationmightbenegativelyimpactingthedevelopmentofmeaningfulrelationships?5.Basedonthepassage,whatpotentiallong-termconsequenceisfearedregardinghumansocialskillsduetoprevalentdigitalinteractions?Passage2Intherealmofliterarycriticism,thedebatebetweenformalismandhistoricalcontexthaslongbeenacontentiousone.Formalists,primarilyconcernedwiththetextitself,advocateforaclosereadingapproach,focusingsolelyontheintrinsicelementsofawork–itsform,structure,language,andnarrativetechniques–believingthatthemeaningresidesentirelywithinthetext.Thisperspectiveofteninvolvesanalyzingmetaphor,symbolism,andthematicconsistencyasisolatedcomponents,detachedfromtheauthor'sbiography,thehistoricalperiodinwhichitwaswritten,orcontemporarysocialissues.Conversely,historical(orcontextual)criticsarguethataliteraryworkcannotbefullyunderstoodinisolation.Theymaintainthatanauthor'slifeexperiences,theculturalandhistoricalbackgroundofthetime,andtheintendedaudienceallprofoundlyshapethetext.Byexaminingtheseexternalfactors,criticscanuncoverdeeperlayersofmeaningandappreciatethework'ssignificancewithinitsoriginalcontext.Whileformalismprovidesavaluablelensforappreciatingaestheticintricacies,thedismissalofhistoricalcontextbysomeformalistsisseenbymanyasoverlookingtheessentialsocio-historicalfabricfromwhichliteratureemerges.Questions6.Whatisthecentralconflictexploredinthispassage?7.Accordingtoformalistcriticism,whereistheprimarysourceofaliterarywork'smeaninglocated?8.Whatkindofanalysisistypicallyavoidedbyformalistcriticswhenstudyingatext?9.Historicalcritics,asdescribedinthepassage,wouldlikelyemphasizewhichfactorascrucialforinterpretingaliterarywork?10.Whatmainargumentdoesthepassageusetosuggestthelimitationsofapurelyformalistapproach?Passage3Theconceptofsustainabilityhastranscendedenvironmentalismtobecomeafundamentalprincipleguidingeconomicdevelopmentandsocialpolicyglobally.Atitscore,sustainabilityaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachrecognizestheinterconnectednessofecological,economic,andsocialsystems,demandingabalancedapproachthatconsiderslong-termimpacts.Withineconomicframeworks,sustainabledevelopmentpromotespracticesthatareresource-efficient,minimizewaste,andreducepollution,therebypreservingnaturalcapitalforfutureuse.Socialsustainabilityfocusesonequity,inclusivity,andthewell-beingofcommunities,ensuringthatdevelopmentbenefitsallmembersanddoesnotexacerbatesocialinequalities.Achievingtruesustainabilityrequiresaparadigmshiftfromshort-termprofitmaximizationtolong-termvaluecreation,involvingcollaborativeeffortsacrossgovernments,businesses,andcivilsociety.Thechallengesareimmense,rangingfromtransitioningtorenewableenergysourcesandreformingconsumptionpatternstofosteringequitableglobaltradeandenhancingsocialcohesion,buttheimperativeforasustainablefutureremainsundeniable.Questions11.Whatisthefundamentaldefinitionofsustainabilityaspresentedinthepassage?12.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentrequiresabalancebetweenwhichthreekeysystems?13.Inthecontextofeconomicsustainability,whatkindofpracticesareencouraged?14.Howdoessocialsustainabilityrelatetothewell-beingofcommunities?15.Accordingtotheauthor,whatfundamentalchangeisnecessaryincurrenteconomicthinkingforsustainabilitytobeachieved?Passage4ArtificialIntelligence(AI)continuestoadvanceataremarkablepace,rapidly滲透ifyingdiversesectorsandfundamentallyreshapingthenatureofwork.Whilepromisesofincreasedefficiency,automationofmundanetasks,andthepotentialforgroundbreakinginnovationaresignificant,concernsaboutthebroaderimplicationsareequallypronounced.Oneofthemostdebatedissuesistheimpactonemployment.AsAIsystemsbecomecapableofperformingincreasinglycomplexcognitivetaskstraditionallyhandledbyhumans,thedisplacementofworkersacrossvariousindustriesisaplausibleoutcome.Thiscouldleadtosignificantstructuralunemployment,particularlyaffectingjobsinvolvingroutinedataprocessing,administrativetasks,andevencertaintypesofcreativeoranalyticalwork.Furthermore,theconcentrationofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentintechhubsraisesequityconcerns,potentiallywideningthegapbetweenregionswithadvancedinfrastructureandthoseleftbehind.Ethicaldilemmassurroundingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialformisuseofautonomoussystemsbymaliciousactorsaddanotherlayerofcomplexity.Navigatingthistransformativeerasuccessfullywillrequireproactivepoliciesaimedatworkforceretraining,establishingrobustethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment,andensuringthatthebenefitsofAIaredistributedequitablyacrosssociety.Questions16.WhatisamajorpotentialbenefitofAImentionedinthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whichgroupofworkersmightbemostvulnerabletodisplacementbyAI?18.Theterm"plausibleoutcome"inthecontextofemploymentdisplacementreferstosomethingthatis:19.Beyondemployment,whatothersignificantethicalconcernsrelatedtoAIarementioned?20.WhataspectofAIdevelopmentisidentifiedaspotentiallyexacerbatinginequality?---試卷答案Passage11.Thelackofnon-verbalcues(tone,facialexpressions,bodylanguage).2.Unchangeably;irrevocablymeansunabletobechanged,reversed,orundone.3.Emotionalundertones.4.Byencouragingquick,thoughtlessresponsesinsteadofconsideredengagement.5.Apotentiallong-termconsequenceisthediminishingcapacityforempathyanddeep,sustaineddialogue.Passage26.Thedebatebetweenformalistandhistoricalcontextcriticisminliteraryanalysis.7.Withinthetextitself(itsform,structure,language,narrativetechniques).8.Theauthor'slifeexperiences,theculturalandhistoricalbackground,andtheintendedaudience.9.Thesocio-historicalfabricfromwhichliteratureemerges.10.Formalismoverlookstheessentialsocio-historicalfabricfromwhichliteratureemerges,thusmissingdeepermeaning.Passage311.Meetingpresentneedswithoutcompromisingfuturegenerations'abilitytomeettheirownneeds.12.Ecological,economic,andsocialsystems.13.Resource-efficientpractices,minimizingwaste,reducingpollution.14.Byensuringdevelopmentbenefitsallmembersanddoesnotexacerbatesocialinequalities.15.Ashiftfromshort-termprofitmaximizationtolong-termvaluecreation.Passage416.Increasedefficiencyandautomationofmundanetasks.17.Workersacrossvariousindustries(specificallymentioned:routinedataprocessing,administrativetasks,certaincreativeoranalyticalwork).18.Apossibleorlikelyresult.19.Dataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialformisuseofautonomoussystems.20.TheconcentrationofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentintechhubs.---解析思路Passage11.思路：題目問數(shù)字交流相比面對面交流的缺點(diǎn)。通讀第一段，第二句明確指出數(shù)字交流缺乏非語言線索，第五句進(jìn)一步說明這可能導(dǎo)致誤解。定位原文"Unlikeface-to-faceconversations,whicharerichwithnon-verbalcues...digitalcommunicationoftenreliesonsteriletextformats.Thislackofcontextualrichnesscaneasilyleadtomisunderstandings..."可得出答案。2.思路：題目問"irrevocably"的含義。根據(jù)上下文，數(shù)字時代改變是“無法撤銷的，不可逆的”。結(jié)合句意，指這種改變是永久性的，無法改變的。固定搭配或語境推斷。3.思路：題目問數(shù)字格式容易導(dǎo)致何種誤解。根據(jù)第二段，數(shù)字交流缺乏的正是非語言信息，尤其是情感暗示。定位原文"...thenuancesandemotionalundertonesarefrequentlylostintranslationthroughmeretyping."可得出答案。4.思路：題目問數(shù)字交流如何影響關(guān)系深度。第三段指出，數(shù)字交流鼓勵快速、無思考的回應(yīng)，而非審慎的投入。定位原文"encouragingquick,oftenthoughtlessresponsesratherthantheconsideredengagementthatmeaningfulrelationshipsrequire."可得出答案。5.思路：題目問數(shù)字交流對人類社交技能的潛在長期影響。第四段結(jié)尾提出擔(dān)憂，認(rèn)為可能削弱同理心和深入對話的能力。定位原文"potentiallydiminishingthecapacityforempathyanddeep,sustaineddialogue..."可得出答案。Passage26.思路：題目問文章探討的核心沖突。首句直接點(diǎn)明是形式主義和歷史語境主義在文學(xué)批評領(lǐng)域的辯論。定位原文"thedebatebetweenformalismandhistoricalcontexthaslongbeenacontentiousone."可得出答案。7.思路：題目問形式主義批評認(rèn)為文學(xué)作品意義的來源。第二段明確說明形式主義者關(guān)注文本本身，認(rèn)為意義在文本內(nèi)部。定位原文"Formalists,primarilyconcernedwiththetextitself,advocateforaclosereadingapproach,focusingsolelyontheintrinsicelements...believingthatthemeaningresidesentirelywithinthetext."可得出答案。8.思路：題目問形式主義批評通常會避免哪種分析。第二段提到形式主義關(guān)注內(nèi)部元素，第三段明確指出歷史批評關(guān)注作者生平、歷史背景等外部因素，形式主義則會忽略這些。定位原文"Conversely,historical(orcontextual)criticsarguethat...Byexaminingtheseexternalfactors...Whileformalismprovidesavaluablelens...thedismissalofhistoricalcontextbysomeformalistsisseenasoverlooking..."可得出答案。9.思路：題目問歷史批評家會強(qiáng)調(diào)哪個因素來解釋文學(xué)作品。第三段指出歷史批評家認(rèn)為外部因素塑造文本，是解釋的關(guān)鍵。定位原文"Theymaintainthatanauthor'slifeexperiences,theculturalandhistoricalbackgroundofthetime,andtheintendedaudienceallprofoundlyshapethetext.Byexaminingtheseexternalfactors,criticscanuncoverdeeperlayersofmeaning..."可得出答案。10.思路：題目問文章如何論證純粹形式主義的局限性。文章通過對比指出，形式主義忽略了歷史背景這一“社會歷史織物”，而這是文學(xué)產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)。第四句是關(guān)鍵"thusmissingtheessentialsocio-historicalfabricfromwhichliteratureemerges."可得出答案。Passage311.思路：題目問可持續(xù)發(fā)展的定義。第一段開頭就給出了定義"Theconceptofsustainabilityaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds."直接引用即可。12.思路：題目問可持續(xù)發(fā)展的三個關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)。第二段明確提到了生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會系統(tǒng)。定位原文"Thisholisticapproachrecognizestheinterconnectednessofecological,economic,andsocialsystems..."可得出答案。13.思路：題目問經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)性鼓勵什么實踐。第二段描述了經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)：資源高效利用、減少浪費(fèi)、減少污染。定位原文"Withineconomicframeworks,sustainabledevelopmentpromotespracticesthatareresource-efficient,minimizewaste,andreducepollution..."可得出答案。14.思路：題目問社會可持續(xù)性與社區(qū)福祉的關(guān)系。第三段指出社會可持續(xù)性關(guān)注公平、包容和社區(qū)福祉，確保發(fā)展惠及所有人，不加劇不平等。定位原文"socialsustainabilityfocusesonequity,inclusivity,andthewell-beingofcommunities,ensuringthatdevelopmentbenefitsallmembersanddoesnotexacerbatesocialinequalities."可得出答案。15.思路：題目問實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性需要的思維轉(zhuǎn)變。第四段明確指出需要從“短期利潤最大化”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤伴L期價值創(chuàng)造”。定位原文"achievingtruesustainabilityrequiresaparadigmshiftfro