高一英語試卷分類匯編英語閱讀理解(教育文化)(及答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Iusedtobelievethatlovemeantputtingeveryoneelseandtheirneedsfirst,beforemyown.WhileIdothinkthereissometruthtothat,inthesensethatbeingagivingpersonisoneoftheultimateactsofbeingalovingperson,IcametorealizethatImustgivetoandlovemyselffirstandforemost.

Here'swhy.Whenyouputeveryoneandeverythingelseaboveyou,youarenolongervaluingyourselfandyourneeds.Andwhenyouarenotmeetingyourneeds,andyoudon'ttakecareofyourself(emotionally,physically,mentally,spiritually),youcan'tbethebestversionofyourselftothespecialpeopleinyourlife.Soinfact,youdon'tlovethematyourfullpotential!

Herearesomethingstoconsider.Areyouphysicallytakingcareofyourself?Doyounourishyourselfwiththerightfoods?Doyougetenoughsleepandexercise?Areyouatahealthyweight,andontopofyourcheck-ups?Ifnot,Ibetyourenergyislow,you'retiredandstressed,andyourconfidenceisn'tthehighest(becauseyouprobablydon'tfeelyourbest）.Nowthinkabouthowmuchmoreyoucouldgivetootherswhenyouaren'texhausted,you'rehappywithwhatyouseeinthemirror,andyouaren'tonedgewithstress.

Areyouemotionallyandmentallyhealthy?Ashumans,we'resocomplexandhavingupsanddownsisnormal.Butingeneral,assesswhereyoustandemotionally.Ifit'sinahealthyplaceandyoucanmanageyouremotionsinahealthyway-great!Butifyouself-soothe(自我安慰)indestructivewaysandhaveanegativeattitudeandenergyaboutyou,realizethatit'snotjustaffectingyou,butotherstoo.Whenyouaren'tanemotionallyandmentallyhealthyperson,thatenergypoursintoeverythingyoudo,andeveryoneyou'rearoundwillfeeltheeffects,too.

How'syourspirituality?Inthissense,spiritualityisabouthavinganultimatepurposeandbeingintunewithyourtrueself.Doyouwakeupeverydayexcitedforwhatyourlifeisabout,andhavegratitudeforalltheabundanceyoualreadyhave?Ifnot,youmaynotbelisteningandlivingtowhatyourhearttrulydesires.Livingthiswaylongterm,mayaffecttheessence(本質(zhì))ofyourinnerbeingand,inturn,maynotallowyoutoshowupyourverybestfortheworld.

Bekindtoyourself.Itcanbedifficulttoputyourhealthandwell-beingfirstwhenlifeisdemandingbetweenyourcareer,family,friendships,relationships,andsoon.Ifyoucanthinkofanywaystoimproveyourwell-beingandloveyourselfmore,starttoday!Takeababysteptowardsthis.Perhapstrygettinganhourmoreofsleep.Moveyourbodyinawaythatfeelsgood.Taketimeforyourselftobewithyourthoughtsandwithoutdistractionsandfeelthatpeace.（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.PutOthersAboveYourselfB.KeepingPhysicallyHealthyC.MeetingYourOwnDemandsD.TakingGoodCareofYourself（2）Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeconcludedthat

.A.onlyifyouareatyourbestcanyouloveyourlovedonesbestB.ifontopofyourhealthindex,you'retiredandstressedC.beingkindtoyourselfmeansbeingcrueltoothersD.physicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth（3）Keepingspirituallyhealthymeans

.A.dissatisfactionwithwhatyouhaveB.wakingupintimeeverydayC.showingupyourbestfortheworldD.agreeingwithyourtrueself（4）Whichofthefollowingshowstherightstructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認為在愛別人之前，必須首先給予和愛自己。說明了這么做的原因，以及從身體、情緒心理和精神性三個方面來論述應當如何善待自我。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Bekindtoyourself.Itcanbedifficulttoputyourhealthandwell-beingfirstwhenlifeisdemandingbetweenyourcareer,family,friendships,relationships,andsoon.Ifyoucanthinkofanywaystoimproveyourwell-beingandloveyourselfmore,starttoday!”善待自己。當生活要求你在事業(yè)、家庭、友誼、人際關(guān)系等之間做出選擇時，你很難把健康和幸福放在首位。如果你能想到任何方法來改善你的幸福和更愛自己，從今天開始!以及文章主要內(nèi)容說明了人們應該在愛別人之前，要先愛自己的觀點，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Andwhenyouarenotmeetingyourneeds,andyoudon'ttakecareofyourself（emotionally,physically,mentally,spiritually）,youcan'tbethebestversionofyourselftothespecialpeopleinyourlife.Soinfact,youdon'tlovethematyourfullpotential!”當你不能滿足自己的需求，不能照顧好自己(情感上、身體上、精神上、精神上，你就無法在你生命中特別的人面前成為最好的自己。所以事實上，你并沒有充分發(fā)揮你的潛力去愛他們!可知只有你處于最佳狀態(tài)，你才能最愛你所愛的人。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Inthissense,spiritualityisabouthavinganultimatepurposeandbeingintunewithyourtrueself.”從這個意義上說，精神性就是擁有一個終極目標，并與真實的自我保持一致。）可知保持精神健康意味著認同真實的自己。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。分析文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段屬于總起段落，主要引出文章“善待自我”的觀點；接著第二段主要論述第一段提出觀點的原因；接著第三段指出要在身體上在照顧自己，第四段指出重視自己的情緒和精神健康，第五段說明如何保持自我精神性的健康；最后一段再次說明善待自己重要性。其中第三四五段同屬于分論點，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(強調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(問題)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了通過工作能有一個積極的社會影響對年輕人的幸福至關(guān)重要。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates，”除此之外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女生比男生更有可能把社會影響放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一項研究結(jié)果顯示，女性數(shù)學和科學專業(yè)的學生更有可能說她們進入這些領(lǐng)域是為了有所作為?？梢酝茢喑鰞身椪{(diào)查的結(jié)果是一致的。都說明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影響。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(強調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”強調(diào)改善世界的一個原因可能與大學文化有關(guān)，大學文化鼓勵學生將他們的學習與現(xiàn)實世界的問題聯(lián)系起來。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，72%的大學畢業(yè)生認為通過工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會影響對他們的幸福至關(guān)重要?？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論：多數(shù)的畢業(yè)生都認可工作產(chǎn)生的社會影響對他們而言是重要的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通過第一段的調(diào)查結(jié)論得出：對年輕人的幸福，通過工作改變世界是至關(guān)重要的。所以，文章主要闡述年輕人的幸福取決于在工作中改變世界（makeadifference）,結(jié)合第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”對他們來說，做出改變是如此重要，以至于45%的人說他們愿意接受15%的減薪去一個對社會或環(huán)境有影響的組織工作，58%的人說他們愿意接受減薪去一個與他們價值觀相同的組織工作?？梢钥闯?減薪是makeadifference的重要性。綜上所述，選項D：ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference和文章的主旨是一致的。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Chewinggum(口香糖)hasitsoriginsinancienttimesfromMayanstoGreekswhowouldchewtheresin(樹脂)ofcertaintreesformedicalpurposesandmaybeevenforfresheningbreath.ThehistoryofchewinggumcontinuedasNativeAmericansintroducedittoEuropeansettlers.

ChewinggumhitthemarketafterSantaAnnabroughtacaseofchicle(糖膠樹脂)fromMexicotoNewYork.SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdamsThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.TheinventiontookoffandwasknownasChiclets.

In1900FrankFleercoatechewinggumwithsugar,andin1906BlibberBlubberwasinvented,butnevermadeittomarket.BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubble(破了的泡泡)fromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.

Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.

However,itwasn'tuntil1928thatbubblegumwascreated.WalterDiemer,workingforFrankFleer'sgumcompany,discoveredbubblegumbyaccidentwhileexperimentinginthelabduringhisbreaks.ThegumwasnamedDubbleBubble.Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.

AccordingtotheInternationalChewingGumAssociation,duringWWIIDubbleBubblewashandedoutbyUSmilitarymembersasgifts,therebyspreadingitspopularityamongthepeoplesofEurope,Africa,andAsia.Andinthe1930shefirstbubblegumcardsappeared."thepictureschangedfromwarheroestoWildWestfigurestoprofessionalathletes."

Bubblegumhasbeenpopulareversince,especiallyamongchildren,thankstoitsinventiveshapes,andsugaryflavors,fromoriginalbubblegumtoayardstickoffruitybubblegum.（1）HowdidThomasAdamsdealwiththechiclethatSantaAnnagavetohim?A.

Hesoldittothemilitary.

B.

HeintroducedittoEuropeans.C.

Heturneditintochewinggum.

D.

Heuseditformedicalpurposes.（2）Whichofthefallowingistheleastpopular?A.

Chiclets

B.

Gumballs.

C.

DubbleBubble.

D.

BlibberBlubber.（3）WhatwasspecialaboutDubbleBubblewhenitwasinvented?A.

Itwaspink-colored.

B.

Itwascandy-coated.C.

Itwashardtoremovefromone'sskin.

D.

ItwasinventedbyaUSmilitarymember.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyintroduce?A.

Thepopularityofgum.

B.

Thehistoryofbubblegum.C.

Theoriginsofchewinggum.

D.

Theinventionofthegumballmachine.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了泡泡糖的起源和歷史。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdams.ThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.”SantaAnna給了兼職發(fā)明家ThomasAdams一些。ThomasAdams將口香糖改頭換面，將其作為一種糖果推向市場?？芍猅homasAdams把SantaAnna給他的樹膠變成了口香糖。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubblefromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.”BlibberBlubber太粘了，不使用一些特殊的工具就很難把皮膚上破裂的泡沫去除?？赏浦驗锽libberBlubber的特性，BlibberBlubber最不受歡迎。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.”粉紅色是當時唯一可以使用的顏色，DubbleBubble從那時起一直保持粉紅色?？芍擠ubbleBubble被發(fā)明出來的時候，它的特別之處是它是粉色的。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.”泡泡糖的歷史如果不提到普及了泡泡糖的口香糖機就不完整了。1907年，第一臺口香糖機問世，并開始銷售涂了糖衣的口香糖。以及文章的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞著泡泡糖的歷史展開，可知本文主要介紹泡泡糖的歷史。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Exercisehelpstokeepusingoodhealth.DoctorsattheAmericanHeartAssociationsuggestgettingatleast150minutesofproperphysicalactivityeveryweek.Manypeopleexerciseforafewminuteseverydayoreveryotherday.So,getting150minuteseveryweekiseasy.

Butwhataboutthosetimeswhenyouaresick?Ifyoudonotfeelwell,shouldyoukeepfollowingyourexercisehabit?Healthexpertsanswertheseandotherquestions.

EdwardR.LaskowskiisadoctorattheMayoClinic.Heandotherexpertshaveageneralruleofyesaboutexercisingwhenyouaresick.

Itisusuallyfinetoexercise,heexplains,ifyoursymptoms(癥狀)areall"abovetheneck".Thesesignsmayincludearunnynose,ablockednose,sneezingoraminorsorethroat.

GeralynCoopersmithisaphysicalfitnesstrainerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonexerciseandnutrition.BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggesttakingabreakfromexercisingifsignsofyourillnessappear"belowtheneck".Payspecialattentiontosymptomssuchaschestcongestion,extremecoughorpaininthestomach.

Thereareothersymptomsthatcantellyoutoavoidexercise.Theyinclude:ahigherthannormalbodytemperature,asenseoffeelingextremelytired,andwidespreadmusclepain.

BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggestlisteningtoyourbody.Ifyoufeelreallybad,takeabreakandletyourbodyrest.Ifyoudon'tfeeltoobad,theseexpertsbothsuggestreducingtheamountofexercise.Forexample,ifyouusuallyrun,takeaquickwalkinstead.（1）Howlongshouldpeopledoexercisetokeephealthy?A.About150minutesperday.B.Around100minutesperday.C.Atleast150minutesperweek.D.Nomorethan100minutesperweek.（2）WhenwillEdwardR.Laskowskisaynotoexercise?A.Whenyourleftlegisbroken.B.Whenyouhavearunnynoses.C.Whenyouhaveablockednose.D.Whenyouhaveaminorsorethroat.（3）Whatisthemeaningof"listeningtoyourbody"inParagraph6?A.Becarefulwithyourcars.B.Learntotakeadviceofothers.C.Payattentiontobodysignals.D.Listentomusictokeephealthy.（4）Whatwillthewriterbelikelytoagreewith?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Nothingseek,nothingfind.C.Putyourheartintoexercise.D.Actaccordingtoyourabilities.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，鍛煉有助于保持身體健康，但是在感覺不適的時候，要看具體情況：如果病癥出現(xiàn)在“頸部以上”的位置，通?？梢藻憻?；如果病癥出現(xiàn)在“頸部以下”，請暫停鍛煉。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Exercisehelpstokeepusingoodhealth.DoctorsattheAmericanHeartAssociationsuggestgettingatleast150minutesofproperphysicalactivityeveryweek."可知，鍛煉有助于保持身體健康，美國心臟協(xié)會的醫(yī)生建議每周至少進行150分鐘的適當體育鍛煉，因此人們應該每周至少運動150分鐘才能保持健康。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggesttakingabreakfromexercisingifsignsofyourillnessappear"belowtheneck”可知，庫伯史密斯和拉斯科夫斯基博士都建議，如果你的疾病跡象出現(xiàn)在“頸部以下”，就應該暫停鍛煉。因此EdwardR.Laskowski不贊同在左腿骨折時運動。故選A。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“Ifyoufeelreallybad,takeabreakandletyourbodyrest.Ifyoudon'tfeeltoobad,theseexpertsbothsuggestreducingtheamountofexercise.”可知，身體不適時應休息一下。如果不是非常不舒服，可以減少運動量。因此，"listeningtoyourbody”意為“聽從你的身體”，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggestlisteningtoyourbody.”可知，這兩個人都建議按照身體的舒適程度來決定運動與否以及運動量，作者并沒有提出反對和質(zhì)疑，即作者贊同二者的建議，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Rumors(謠言):we'veallheardsomeandwe'veallspreadsome.Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.Today,theycirculatedifferentlybecausethewayweshareinformationhasalsochanged.

Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.Wedon'tenjoybeingonthereceivingendofone,sincetheyusuallydon'thavegoodintentions.Theyaresomewhatveiled(掩飾的)messages.

Normallyrumorsareoralmessages:wordofmouth.Theparadox(自相矛盾)isthatthereisnoevidencetosupportrumors,butthemorepeopleshareit,themoretheyseeitastrue.Tofinishdefiningrumors,wethinkthattheyfollowcertainveryclearlaws.Secrecy:Thesourceisunknown.Thereisalsoaprovenphenomenonthathumanbeingsusuallyforgetthesourceofamessagebeforetheyforgetitscontent.Certainty:Wehardlyquestionrumorssimplybecauseofthementaleffortinvolved.Ontheotherhand,noonelikestodoubtapersonwhoconvincesusthattheinformationtheyspreadistrue.Change:Itactslikeatree.Newrumorsbranchouttofillinthegapsleftbytheinitialrumor.

Anotherpropertyofrumorsisthattheytendtobecomeviral.Eachreceiverisatthesametimeapotentialtransmitteroftheinformation.Thereceiveroftenaddstheirownopinion.Theirmannerandtoneoftransmittingitalsochangesit.

Howcanweendrumors?Theanswerisassimpleasitisimpossible:preventingpeoplefromcommunicating.Amorerealisticresponseisequallydifficult,althoughlessthanthefirstone.Itisthatweshouldbecriticaloftheinformationwereceive.Weshouldaskourselvesifthesourceisreliable.Ask(ifpossible)thepersonyouhearditfromwhethertheyalsotrusttheinformation.Weshouldalsothinkaboutiftherumorbenefitssomeone,andifthatsomeonestartedtherumor.

Onerumortobeespeciallycautiousofisarumoraboutgroupsrelativelyunabletodefendthemselves.That'swhywesay,"historyisalwaystoldbythevictors."Thefirstpaymentthedefeatedmustmakeistoacceptthevictor'sversionofthestory.（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsrumors?A.Critical.B.Positive.C.Approving.D.Cautious.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutrumors?A.Wehaveallheardsomeandbelievedthem.B.We'rehappytobethereceivingendofthem.C.Theymayhavenegativeinfluenceonsociety.D.Theyoftenhidegoodintentionsinthemessages.（3）Howarerumorsliketrees?A.Rumorskeepchanging,justastreeschangetheircolor.B.Rumorsaredeeplyrootedinreality,liketreerootsintheearth.C.Newrumorshavegaps,likethespacebetweentreebranches.D.Newrumorsgrowoutoftheoriginal,likebranchesoutofatrunk.（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"viral"inParagraph4probablymean?A.SomethingeasilyspreadB.SomethingacceptableC.Somethingeasilydefended.D.Somethingbeneficial.（5）Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Itiseasytopreventpeoplefromspreadingrumors.B.Peopleareoftenactiveinjudgingtherumorscritically.C.Weshouldthinkaboutthehiddenmessageoftherumors.D.Storiestoldbythevictorsareusuallybetterworthtrusting.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了什么是謠言，謠言的危害，特點及怎樣避免謠言。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.”；第二段中的“Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.”；以及第四段中的“Anotherpropertyofrumorsisthattheytendtobecomeviral.”等信息可知作者認為謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，作者對謠言是批評的態(tài)度。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.”可知謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，給社會帶來不良影響。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Change:Itactslikeatree.Newrumorsbranchouttofillinthegapsleftbytheinitialrumor.”把謠言比作樹，新謠言的出現(xiàn)填補了最初謠言留下的空白。這說明新的謠言從原來的地方冒出來，就像樹枝從樹干冒出來一樣。故選D。（4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Eachreceiverisatthesametimeapotentialtransmitteroftheinformation.Thereceiveroftenaddstheirownopinion.Theirmannerandtoneoftransmittingitalsochangesit.”可知每個接收者同時又是信息潛在的發(fā)送者。接收者通常還會添加自己的觀點或改變信息。這是在說謠言的危害，像病毒一樣容易傳播。畫線的“viral”即指像病毒一樣容易傳播，故選A。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itisthatweshouldbecriticaloftheinformationwereceive.Weshouldaskourselvesifthesourceisreliable.Ask(ifpossible)thepersonyouhearditfromwhethertheyalsotrusttheinformation.Weshouldalsothinkaboutiftherumorbenefitssomeone,andifthatsomeonestartedtherumor.”可知我們要理性對待謠言，核實信息的準確性，可信度，評估對別人的影響，即考慮謠言的背后信息。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Canyouimagineaworldwithoutmusic?Studiesshowthatpublicschoolsacrossthecountryarecuttingbackonmusicclassestosavemoney.Evenworse,someschoolshaveneverhadmusicclassestobeginwith.Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學術(shù)的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.

RecentstudiesBrownUniversityhaveshownthatstudentswhoreceivedmusiceducationclasseswerebetterinmathandreadingskillsthanthosewithoutmusicclasses.AnotherstudybyTheCollegeBoardfoundthatstudentstakingmusicandartclassesgothigherpoints.Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.

Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.Teenstodayhavetoomanylearningtasks.Besides,theyhavefamilyproblems,self-confidenceproblems,relationshiptroubles,andchoicesaboutsmokeandalcohol(酒精).Allofthesecanstopacademicsuccess,butmusiceducationcanhelp.AstudybyTheTexasCommissiononDrugandAlcoholAbusefoundthatstudentswhotookpartinschoolmusicprogramswerelesslikelytoturntosmoke.Musicprogramsencouragestudentstoworktogethertoproduceanexcellentperformance.

Musiccrosseslanguage,classandculture.Musicallowsstudentsfromdifferentcountriestoconnect.Forexample,ataschooltalentshow,anewJapanesestudentplayedapianoduet(二重奏)withanAmericanclassmate.Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.

Thegiftofmusicispriceless.Weneedtobesuretohavenecessarymusicclassesforallstudents.Theworldislosingitsmusic,andputtingmusicintoschoolsisthefirststeptogetitback.（1）Thetwostudiesseemtoshowthat________.A.studentswithgreatsuccessattendmusiclessonsB.musicclassesplayanimportantroleinstudents'growthC.notallstudentscouldhavemusicclassesatschoolD.studentswhohavemusicclassesdobetterinallsubjects（2）TheexampleinParagraph4mainlysuggeststhat________.A.musicmakescross-culturalcommunicationpossibleB.differentcultureshavedifferentstylesofmusicC.JapanhasagoodrelationshipwithAmericaD.JapaneseandAmericanstudentsaregoodatplayingthepiano（3）Whatcanwelearnabouteducationwithmusicclasses?A.Itallowsschoolstomakemoremoney.B.Itcancausealotofacademicproblems.C.Itwillaffecttheworldculturalcommunicationgreatly.D.Itdoesgoodtostudents'academicsuccessandspiritualhealth.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImportanceofMusicClassesinSchoolB.Music—ABridgetoUnderstandingC.StudiesonMusicEducationD.HowtoGetMusicBack【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，全國各地的公立學校正在削減音樂課，以節(jié)省開支。但作者認為學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；音樂課程也有助于增強學生的自豪感和自信心，音樂跨越語言、階級和文化。音樂使來自不同國家的學生相互聯(lián)系。作者提出需要確保所有學生都參加必要的音樂課。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育。上音樂課對學生的學業(yè)有幫助，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.”兩個來自不同文化背景的學生作為一個團隊通過音樂自信、有共同目標在一起合作。一個是日本學生，一個美國的學生，借由音樂而合作、交流。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；第三段中的”Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.”公立學校的音樂課程也有助于增強學生的自豪感和自信心。兩處結(jié)合，可以推斷出音樂即可以有助于學生的學業(yè)成績，又可以有益于學生的心理健康，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學術(shù)的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.”但是，沒有他們（音樂），學生的學業(yè)提高和精神健康可能會受到影響。事實上，音樂課是學校所有學生所必需的。作者認為音樂課是重要的，這是文章的主旨，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Shetookupskatingatage85,madeherfirstmovieappearanceatage114,andheldaconcertintheneighborhoodonher121stbirthday.

Whenitcomestolonglife,JeanneCalmentistheworld'srecordholder.Shelivedtotheripeoldageof122.Sois122theupperlimittothehumanlifespan(壽命)?Ifscientistscomeupwithsomesortofpillordietthatwouldslowaging,couldwepossiblymakeitto150－orbeyond?

Researchersdon'tentirelyagreeontheanswers."Calmentlivedto122,soitwouldn'tsurprisemeifsomeonealivetodayreaches130or135,"saysJerryShayattheUniversityofTexas.

SteveAustadattheUniversityofTexasagrees."Peoplecanlivemuchlongerthanwethink,"hesays."Expertsusedtosaythathumanscouldn'tlivepast110.WhenCalmentblewpastthatage,theyraisedthenumberto120.Sowhycan'twegohigher?"

Thetroublewithguessinghowoldpeoplecanlivetobeisthatit'salljustguessing."Anyonecanmakeupanumber,"saysRichMillerattheUniversityofMichigan."UsuallythescientistwhopicksthehighestnumbergetshisnameinTimemagazine."

Won'tnewanti-agingtechniqueskeepusaliveforcenturies?Anycure,saysMiller,foragingwouldprobablykeepmostofuskickinguntilabout120.Researchersareworkingontreatmentsthatlengthenthelifespanofmiceby50percentatmost.So,iftheaveragehumanlifespanisabout80years,saysMiller,"addinganother50percentwouldgetyouto120."

Sowhatcanweconcludefromthislittledisagreementamongtheresearchers?Thatlifespanisflexible(有彈性的),butthereisalimit,saysGeorgeMartinoftheUniversityofWashington."Wecangetfliestolive50percentlonger,"hesays."Butafly'snevergoingtolive15