2025年醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考試題及答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題1分，共40分）1.Themedicalterm“hypertension”refersto______.A.lowbloodpressureB.highbloodpressureC.normalbloodpressureD.irregularbloodpressure2.Theabbreviation“CPR”standsfor______.A.CardioPulmonaryResuscitationB.CardiacPulmonaryReactionC.CardioPulseResuscitationD.CardiacPulseReaction3.Thesuffix“itis”inmedicaltermsusuallymeans______.A.inflammationB.tumorC.diseaseD.pain4.Theterm“diabetes”isrelatedtoadisorderof______.A.theliverB.thepancreasC.thekidneysD.theheart5.“Dyspnea”isamedicaltermthatdescribes______.A.difficultyinbreathingB.excessivesweatingC.abnormalheartrhythmD.severeheadache6.Theprefix“hyper”inmedicalwordsgenerallyindicates______.A.under,belowB.over,aboveC.normalD.without7.Themedicalspecialtythatdealswiththestudyandtreatmentoftheeyeiscalled______.A.otolaryngologyB.ophthalmologyC.dermatologyD.orthopedics8.Theterm“appendicitis”meansinflammationofthe______.A.appendixB.pancreasC.gallbladderD.liver9.“Myocardialinfarction”iscommonlyknownas______.A.heartfailureB.anginapectorisC.strokeD.heartattack10.Theabbreviation“OTC”inthemedicalfieldmeans______.A.OvertheCounterB.OntheCounterC.OuttheCounterD.OfftheCounter11.Theterm“pneumonia”isaninfectionofthe______.A.lungsB.bronchiC.tracheaD.pharynx12.Thesuffix“ectomy”inmedicaltermsmeans______.A.incisionB.removalC.repairD.examination13.“Anemia”isaconditioncharacterizedbyadeficiencyof______.A.whitebloodcellsB.redbloodcellsorhemoglobinC.plateletsD.plasma14.Themedicalspecialtythatfocusesonthecareofchildrenis______.A.gynecologyB.pediatricsC.geriatricsD.urology15.Theprefix“hypo”inmedicallanguageoftenmeans______.A.excessiveB.normalC.deficientD.around16.Theterm“arthritis”referstoinflammationofthe______.A.jointsB.musclesC.bonesD.tendons17.“Hemorrhage”isdefinedas______.A.excessivebleedingB.bloodclottingC.bloodtransfusionD.bloodpurification18.Theabbreviation“HIV”represents______.A.HumanImmunodeficiencyVirusB.HumanImmunityVirusC.HumanInfectiousVirusD.HumanInflammatoryVirus19.Themedicalterm“jaundice”isrelatedtoaproblemwiththe______.A.digestivesystemB.urinarysystemC.respiratorysystemD.circulatorysystem20.Thesuffix“ology”inmedicalterminologymeans______.A.thestudyofB.thetreatmentofC.theconditionofD.theremovalof21.“Gastroenteritis”isaninflammationofthe______.A.stomachandintestinesB.liverandgallbladderC.pancreasandspleenD.kidneysandbladder22.Theprefix“multi”inmedicalwordsimplies______.A.oneB.twoC.manyD.none23.Themedicalspecialtythatdealswiththemalereproductivesystemis______.A.gynecologyB.andrologyC.obstetricsD.endocrinology24.Theterm“sepsis”isaseriousmedicalconditioncausedby______.A.abacterialinfectionB.aviralinfectionC.afungalinfectionD.anallergicreaction25.“Bradycardia”referstoa______.A.fastheartrateB.slowheartrateC.irregularheartrateD.normalheartrate26.Theabbreviation“MRI”standsfor______.A.MagneticResonanceImagingB.MedicalRadiationImagingC.MolecularResonanceImagingD.MuscularRadiationImaging27.Thesuffix“pathy”inmedicaltermsmeans______.A.diseaseB.treatmentC.studyD.condition28.“Renalfailure”isadisorderofthe______.A.heartB.lungsC.kidneysD.liver29.Themedicalspecialtythatisconcernedwiththeskinis______.A.neurologyB.dermatologyC.podiatryD.rheumatology30.Theprefix“bi”inmedicallanguageusuallymeans______.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four31.Theterm“asthma”isachronicconditionaffectingthe______.A.digestivetractB.respiratorysystemC.urinarysystemD.nervoussystem32.“Laparoscopy”isasurgicalprocedurethatinvolves______.A.examiningtheabdomenwithascopeB.removingtheappendixC.repairingaherniaD.treatingakidneystone33.Theabbreviation“ECG”or“EKG”isusedfor______.A.ElectroCardioGramB.ElectroCerebralGramC.ElectroCardiacGraphD.ElectroCerebralGraph34.Thesuffix“l(fā)ysis”inmedicaltermscanmean______.A.breakdownB.formationC.repairD.examination35.“Thrombosis”istheformationofa______.A.bloodclotB.tumorC.cystD.scar36.Themedicalspecialtythatfocusesonthenervoussystemis______.A.cardiologyB.neurologyC.ophthalmologyD.otolaryngology37.Theprefix“peri”inmedicalwordsoftenindicates______.A.aroundB.insideC.outsideD.above38.Theterm“menopause”isrelatedtotheendof______.A.menstruationinwomenB.pregnancyC.lactationD.puberty39.“Fracture”inmedicalcontextmeansa______.A.breakinaboneB.tearinamuscleC.ruptureofabloodvesselD.spraininajoint40.Theabbreviation“PT”canstandfor______inthemedicalfield.A.PhysicalTherapyB.PsychologicalTherapyC.PulmonaryTherapyD.PharmacologicalTherapy二、詞匯配對(duì)題（每題1分，共10分）將左邊的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)與右邊對(duì)應(yīng)的英文解釋進(jìn)行配對(duì)。|左邊術(shù)語(yǔ)|右邊解釋|||||1.Anorexia|A.Adiseaseinwhichthebody’sabilitytoproduceorrespondtothehormoneinsulinisimpaired||2.Hepatitis|B.Lackorlossofappetiteforfood||3.Osteoporosis|C.Inflammationoftheliver||4.Alzheimer’sdisease|D.Achronicprogressivediseaseofthenervoussystemmarkedbytremor,muscularrigidity,andslow,imprecisemovement||5.Parkinson’sdisease|E.Aconditioninwhichbonesbecomeweakandbrittle||6.Diabetes|F.Aprogressivementaldeteriorationthatcanoccurinmiddleoroldage,duetogeneralizeddegenerationofthebrain||7.Nephritis|G.Inflammationofthekidneys||8.Bronchitis|H.Inflammationofthebronchi||9.Tonsillitis|I.Inflammationofthetonsils||10.Malaria|J.Amosquitoborneinfectiousdiseaseofhumansandotheranimalscausedbyparasiticprotozoans|三、填空題（每題1分，共10分）1.Themedicaltermforhighbloodsugaris__________.2.Theprefixthatmeans“new”inmedicaltermsis__________.3.“Otitismedia”isaninflammationofthe__________ear.4.Thesuffix“algia”means__________.5.Theabbreviation“ER”inahospitalsettingusuallyreferstothe__________room.6.Themedicalspecialtydealingwiththefemalereproductivesystemis__________.7.A“ulcer”isasoreor__________ontheskinormucousmembrane.8.Theprefix“intra”means__________.9.“Leukemia”isatypeofcancerthataffectsthe__________cells.10.Thetermforthesurgicalremovalofthegallbladderis__________.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共30分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween“diagnosis”and“prognosis”inmedicalterms.2.Describethemainfunctionsofthecirculatorysystemandlistthreecommonmedicalconditionsrelatedtoit.3.Definethefollowingmedicalabbreviationsandexplaintheirsignificanceinclinicalpractice:“CBC”,“BP”,and“IV”.五、翻譯題（每題5分，共10分）1.將以下中文句子翻譯成英文：醫(yī)生建議他立即戒煙，因?yàn)槲鼰煂?duì)他的肺部造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。2.將以下英文句子翻譯成中文：Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithsymptomsofchestpainandshortnessofbreath,andwasdiagnosedwithacutemyocardialinfarction.答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.B。“hypertension”意為高血壓，即highbloodpressure。2.A?！癈PR”是CardioPulmonaryResuscitation的縮寫(xiě)，即心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)。3.A。后綴“itis”在醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)中通常表示炎癥，如“appendicitis”（闌尾炎）。4.B。糖尿病“diabetes”主要是由于胰腺分泌胰島素異常導(dǎo)致的，與胰腺“pancreas”相關(guān)。5.A?！癉yspnea”指呼吸困難，即difficultyinbreathing。6.B。前綴“hyper”一般表示“過(guò)度、超過(guò)”，如“hypertension”（高血壓）。7.B?！皁phthalmology”是眼科學(xué)，專門(mén)研究和治療眼部疾病。8.A。“appendicitis”是闌尾炎，即闌尾“appendix”的炎癥。9.D?！癕yocardialinfarction”就是通常所說(shuō)的心臟病發(fā)作，即heartattack。10.A。“OTC”是OvertheCounter的縮寫(xiě)，指非處方藥。11.A?！皃neumonia”是肺部感染，即對(duì)肺部“l(fā)ungs”的感染。12.B。后綴“ectomy”表示切除，如“appendectomy”（闌尾切除術(shù)）。13.B?！癆nemia”是貧血，其特征是紅細(xì)胞或血紅蛋白缺乏。14.B?！皃ediatrics”是兒科學(xué)，專注于兒童的護(hù)理。15.C。前綴“hypo”常表示“不足、低于正?！保纭癶ypoglycemia”（低血糖）。16.A。“arthritis”是關(guān)節(jié)炎，指關(guān)節(jié)“joints”的炎癥。17.A?！癏emorrhage”是出血過(guò)多，即excessivebleeding。18.A。“HIV”是HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus的縮寫(xiě)，即人類免疫缺陷病毒。19.A?！癹aundice”黃疸與消化系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題有關(guān)，通常是肝臟或膽囊的疾病導(dǎo)致。20.A。后綴“ology”表示“……學(xué)”，即thestudyof。21.A?！癎astroenteritis”是腸胃炎，是胃和腸道“stomachandintestines”的炎癥。22.C。前綴“multi”表示“許多”，如“multifocal”（多灶性的）。23.B?！癮ndrology”是男科學(xué)，專注于男性生殖系統(tǒng)。24.A。“sepsis”膿毒癥通常是由細(xì)菌感染“abacterialinfection”引起的嚴(yán)重病癥。25.B?！癇radycardia”指心動(dòng)過(guò)緩，即slowheartrate。26.A?！癕RI”是MagneticResonanceImaging的縮寫(xiě)，即磁共振成像。27.A。后綴“pathy”表示疾病，如“neuropathy”（神經(jīng)?。?8.C。“Renalfailure”是腎衰竭，是腎臟“kidneys”的疾病。29.B?！癲ermatology”是皮膚病學(xué)，關(guān)注皮膚相關(guān)問(wèn)題。30.B。前綴“bi”通常表示“二、雙”，如“bicycle”（自行車）。31.B?！癮sthma”哮喘是一種慢性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，影響呼吸“respiratorysystem”。32.A?！癓aparoscopy”腹腔鏡檢查是通過(guò)腹腔鏡檢查腹部的手術(shù)。33.A。“ECG”或“EKG”是ElectroCardioGram的縮寫(xiě)，即心電圖。34.A。后綴“l(fā)ysis”可表示分解，如“hemolysis”（溶血）。35.A?！癟hrombosis”是血栓形成，即bloodclot的形成。36.B。“neurology”是神經(jīng)學(xué)，專注于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的研究和治療。37.A。前綴“peri”常表示“周圍”，如“pericardium”（心包）。38.A?！癿enopause”絕經(jīng)是女性月經(jīng)結(jié)束的時(shí)期。39.A。“Fracture”在醫(yī)學(xué)上指骨折，即breakinabone。40.A?！癙T”在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域可表示PhysicalTherapy，即物理治療。二、詞匯配對(duì)題1.B2.C3.E4.F5.D6.A7.G8.H9.I10.J三、填空題1.hyperglycemia2.neo3.middle4.pain5.emergency6.gynecology7.lesion8.inside,within9.blood10.cholecystectomy四、簡(jiǎn)答題1.“Diagnosis”（診斷）和“Prognosis”（預(yù)后）是醫(yī)學(xué)中兩個(gè)重要的概念，它們有著明顯的區(qū)別?！癉iagnosis”是指醫(yī)生通過(guò)對(duì)患者的癥狀、體征、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果以及影像學(xué)檢查等多方面信息進(jìn)行綜合分析，從而確定患者所患疾病的過(guò)程。例如，當(dāng)患者出現(xiàn)咳嗽、發(fā)熱、咳痰等癥狀，醫(yī)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)診、血常規(guī)檢查、胸部X光等手段，判斷患者患有肺炎，這就是一個(gè)診斷的過(guò)程。準(zhǔn)確的診斷是制定治療方案的基礎(chǔ)?！癙rognosis”則是在診斷明確的基礎(chǔ)上，醫(yī)生根據(jù)疾病的性質(zhì)、患者的身體狀況、治療方法以及以往的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)等因素，對(duì)疾病的發(fā)展過(guò)程和最終結(jié)局進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。比如，對(duì)于一位被診斷為早期乳腺癌的患者，如果她身體狀況較好，接受了規(guī)范的手術(shù)和后續(xù)治療，醫(yī)生可能預(yù)測(cè)她有較高的治愈率和較好的生存質(zhì)量；而對(duì)于一位患有晚期肺癌且身體狀況較差的患者，預(yù)后可能就不太樂(lè)觀，生存時(shí)間可能相對(duì)較短。2.循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括：運(yùn)輸功能：循環(huán)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)心臟的