高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀班級：____________學號：____________姓名：____________外刊精選｜120萬招聘滅鼠官！紐約為消滅鼠患下血本在很多人的印象里，紐約是座繁華的國際性大都市，但其實這座城市不僅人多、車多，老鼠也很多。曾經(jīng)還流傳著這樣的都市傳說：紐約的老鼠是紐約人口的5倍！最近，紐約市政府宣布將采取新的滅鼠行動，以最高17萬美元（約120萬元人民幣）的年薪招聘捕鼠官。紐約為何會鼠患成災(zāi)？政府又為什么會高薪聘請捕鼠官？Wanted:NYCratoverlordwith‘killerinstinct.’Willpay$170KThebrownrathaslivedinNewYorkCitysincethetimeoftheRevolutionaryWar,orthereabouts.Andforatleastacentury,cityofficialshavetried,andfailed,toeradicateit.AndsoitwasthatonWednesday,centuriesaftertheRattusnorvegicusfirststowedawayonaNewYork-boundship,NewYorkCitytriedagain,advertisingforanewlycreatedpositionof"directorofrodentmitigation."Theunusuallyirreverentjobpostingseekssomeoneequippedwithabachelor'sdegree,fivetoeightyearsofrelevantexperienceand,"mostimportantly,thedrive,determinationandkillerinstinctneededtofighttherealenemy—NewYorkCity'srelentlessratpopulation."Itsuggeststhattheidealcandidateshouldpossessthe"staminaandstagecraft"todefeatthearmyofrats,describedas"cunning,voracious,andprolific."Thejobwillpaybetween$120,000to$170,000.NewYorkCity'sdepartmentofhealthalreadyhasarodentbiologist,whohasbeenbusyinstallingmovementsensorsoncitystreetstomonitorratbehavior.ThehealthdepartmentalsohasanOfficeofPestControl.Thereisacitywiderodenttaskforce.Butwhattheexistingeffortshavelacked,accordingtothecity’sdeputymayorforoperations,isaleadertocoordinatethem.【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.overlord[???v?l??d]n.__________________________________2.thereabouts[?ee?r?ba?ts?ee?r??ba?ts]adv.__________________________________3.mitigation[?m?t??ɡe??n]n.__________________________________4.irreverent[??revrnt]adj.__________________________________5.stagecraft['ste?d?krɑ?ft]n.__________________________________6.cunning[?k?n??]adj.__________________________________7.voracious[v??re???s]adj.__________________________________8.prolific[pr??l?f?k]adj.__________________________________9.citywide[s?ti?wa?d]adj.__________________________________【詞塊學習】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.__________________________________嗅出味道2.__________________________________激烈的競爭3.__________________________________驅(qū)動力和決心拓展練習閱讀理解Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan'sfeudaloverlords(封建領(lǐng)主),fromtheshogun(幕府將軍)tothehumblestsamurai(武士),foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Infact,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords'failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlord'scontrol.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords'income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers(佃戶),failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlord'sincomeresultedalmostasmuchfrominefficienciesamongtheirtaxcollectorsasfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreasesinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputanoverlordindebttothecityrice-Otraderswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainortheshogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverlordstoincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayintaxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapan'scentralgovernmentconsistedinpartoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhisland,thegovernmenttoowassuffering.Therefore,theTokugawa(德川幕府)shogunsbegantolookforothersourcesofrevenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedeclinebecausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted.Openingupnewfarmlandwasapossibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurtherexpansionwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswouldbepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceofgovernmentincome.Mostofthecountry'swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepartofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun'sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtainingsuchrevenuewassoonfoundbycollectingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;althoughthesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywerenotfixedinamountandirregularintiming,theywerehighinyield(投資收益).Unfortunately,theypushedupprices.Thus,regrettably,theTokugawashogun'seffortstopayoffdebtsforthegovernmentmadeitincreasinglydifficultforindividualJapanesewholivedonfixedearningstomakeendsmeet.34.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestreplacetheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph2?A.TheimportanceofcommerceinfeudalJapanB.Theunfairnessofthetaxstructureineighteenth-centuryJapanC.ThedifficultiesinvolvedinincreasinggovernmentincomebyothermeansD.Thedifficultyexperiencedbybothindividualsamuraiandtheshogunhimselfinpullingthemselvesoutofdebt.35.Accordingtothepassage,theactionstakenbytheTokugawashogunstopayofftheirdebtsforthegovernmentwereregrettablebecausethoseactions______.A.raisedthecostoflivingbypushinguppricesB.didnotsucceedinreducinggovernmentspendingC.resultedintheexhaustionofdepositsofsilverandgoldD.werefarlowerinyieldthanhadoriginallybeenexpected36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardthesamuraidiscussedinthepassage?A.Warmlyapproving B.Mildlysympathetic.C.Bitterlydisappointed D.Profoundlyshocked.37.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.A.abookontheeconomichistoryofJapanB.amodemnovelabouteighteenth-centuryJapanC.anintroductiontoacollectionofJapanesefolktalesD.anessaycomparingJapaneseandWesternfeudalism外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.overlord[???v?l??d]n.霸王;(尤指舊時的)領(lǐng)主，莊主，大王2.thereabouts[?ee?r?ba?ts?ee?r??ba?ts]adv.在那附近;(數(shù)量、時間等)大約，左右，上下3.mitigation[?m?t??ɡe??n]n.減輕;緩解4.irreverent[??revrnt]adj.不敬的;不恭的5.stagecra