小學(xué)六年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中英語質(zhì)量綜合試題測試卷（含答案）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題lackBeautystoppedbecausethe________wasbroken.(

)A．house B．bridge C．carriageoyouwant________coffee,Helen?(

)A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．many3．Thesearemybooks.Please_______.(

)A．pickupit. B．pickitup C．pickthemup D．pickupthem4．Ioftenwriteletters_______myfriends.(

)A．for B．to C．in D．with5．_______itoften_______inautumninWuxi?(

)A．Does;rainy B．Does;rain C．Did;rainy6．Mumhasnoworktomorrow,soshe_______someshoppingwithherfriends.(

)A．does B．isgoingtodo C．did7．—What______youdolastweekend?(

)—IwenttotheBund.A．do B．were C．did8．Ilike______inthecity,butmycousins______.(

)A．live；can’t B．lives;doesn’t C．living;don’t9．Weshouldn’tuse______plasticbags______bottles.(

)A．toomany;and B．toomany;or C．toomuch;or10．Itwas______lastWednesdayandit______allday.(

)A．raining;rainy B．rainy;rained C．rained;raining11．EarthDayison______.(

)A．23rdApril B．22ndApril C．22ndJune12．Wood______trees.Weusewoodtomaketables.(

)A．comesfrom B．comefrom C．comingfrom13．Look!Themen______.(

)A．smoke B．smokes C．a(chǎn)resmoking14．一般情況下，下列哪個(gè)句子讀降調(diào)？(

)A．Wouldyoulikesomejuice? B．Didtheshowgowell? C．WhatcanwedotomakeGanyuclean?15．Thereisgoingto______apartytomorrow.(

)A．have B．be C．is二、用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空16．Weusedthetelephone_____(call)people.17．Nowyoumust_____(keep)quietinclass.18．Dirtysmoke_____(make)ourhomedirty.19．It’susually_______(rain)insummerinDaFeng.20．We_______(buy)somenewclothestomorrowafternoon.21．Whatcanwedo______(keep)ourclassroomclean?22．Fiveyearsago,Tom______(cannot)write,butnowhecan.2obbyis______(walk)homeafterschool.2lacksmokefrom______(factory)makestheairdirty.25．Your______(idea)aregreat.Welldone,class!26．Peopleusewater________(wash)hands.27．Mysister_________(notgo)totheBundlastweekend.28．Therewereblack_________(cloudy)intheskyonSundayafternoon.29．Smokefrom______(factory)______(make)theairdirty.30．__________(they)bodiesaretoohard.Pleasedon’thit__________(they).三、完成句子31．Pleasedon’t_______yourdrinks______thereadingroom.(把飲料帶入閱覽室)32．Itwaswonderful______________(開始，最初),butthentherewasheavyrain.33．Wecanp________moretreesinourschool.34．Thegirl______(不會(huì)讀和寫)whenshewasthreeyearsold.35．Smokemakestheaird______.36．Therearemanydogs_______(在……周圍)us,weareafraidofthem.37．Don’tb______(帶來)toystoschooltomorrow.38．Rubbishand_____(臟水)fromfactories_____(make)thefishdead.39．Theyarethechildrenofyoursonordaughter.They’reyourg_________.40．Wateris_____(有用的),weshould_____(節(jié)約)water.四、完形填空Itwasacoldday__41___winter.Afarmerfoundasnakeonhis__42___home.Itwasnearly(幾乎)deadwith__43___.Thefarmerwasverykind.Heputitcarefully__44___hiswarmclothesand__45___ittohishouse.Soonthesnakebegantomove,butitraised(抬起)__46___headandtriedto__47___thefarmer.“Oh,”saidthefarmer,“Isavedyourlife,__48___youthankmelikethis!You__49___diethesoonerthebetter!”__50___hekilledthesnakewithastone.41、A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t42、A．way B．road C．back43、A．food B．cold C．him44、A．to B．with C．into45、A．brought B．bring C．send46、A．his B．a(chǎn) C．its47、A．bite B．eat C．hit48、A．but B．so C．then49、A．can B．may C．must50、A．First B．Then C．Last五、閱讀判斷TherearealotofholidaysforChinesepeople,suchasNationalday,MayDayandsoon.However,ChinesepeoplelookonSpringFestivalastheirmostimportantoneofall.Andit'salsomyfavoritefestival,especiallywhenIwasachild.Becauseinthosedays,Icouldhavealotofdeliciousfoodtoeat,enjoyaverylongholidayandwearbeautifulclothes.AndonNewYearIcouldgetredpacketsSoIexpectedtheSpringFestivalwouldcomesoon.AfterIgrewup,it'snolongerasimportanttomeasbefore.ForIcanhavemydeliciousfoodandwearmyfavoriteclotheseveryday.It'slikeI'mhavingspringfestivaleveryday!41、SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalforChinesepeople.()42、WhenIwasachild,SpringFestivalismyfavouritefestival.()43、Icouldeatmuchdeliciousfood.()44、IexpectedtheSpringFestivalwhenIgrewup.()45、I’mhavingspringfestivaleverydaynow.()六、閱讀理解Pennylivedonafarm.Shewascalledthe“sillygoose”(愚蠢的鵝)becausesheoftendidsomefoolishthings.Shedidn’tlikethename.Oneday,shefoundabookonthegrass.Shewasveryhappy.Shetookthebookwithhereverywhere.Shefeltherselfsocleverandbecameproud(得意的).TheanimalsthoughtPennybecameclevernowbecauseshealwayscarriedabook.Sotheyaskedherforhelp.ButPennyalwaysgavethewrongideas.Oneday,apigpickedalotofmushroomsandwenthomehappily.HeaskedPennyforhelp.Pennysaid“Youcaneatthem.Theyareverynice.”Butthemushroomsarepoisonous(有毒的).Theanimalsweresickandangry.Theycouldn’tbelievePenny.SoPennylostherpride(驕傲).Sheknewthatitwasuseless(無用的)tohaveabook.Sheshouldworkhardandshebegantoreadbookseveryday.51、—WheredidPennylive?(

)—_______A．Shelivedonthegrass. B．Shelivedonafarm.C．Shelivedatschool.52、—Whywasshecalledthe“sillygoose”?(

)—_______A．Becauseshewasclever. B．Becauseshelivedonafarm.C．Becausesheoftendidsomefoolishthings53、—Wasshehappywhenshefoundabookonthegrass?(

)

—______A．Yes,shewas. B．No,shewasn’t.C．Yes,shedid.54、Penny’sideasare_______fortheanimals.(

)A．good B．useful C．useless55、—Whatdoweknowfromthestory?(

)

—______A．Pennybegantoworkhard. B．Pennyisveryclever.C．Otheranimalslikedreadingbooks.七、選擇題閱讀理解。OnChristmasmorning,childrenliketogetupearlytofindthepresentsinthestockings(長筒襪)orundertheChristmastrees.OnChristmasDay,Mikegotupatsixtwenty.Hequicklyputontheclothesandlookedforhispresentsinthestocking.“Wow,whatalovelytoydog!Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidhappily.Thenherandowntothegroundfloortoseewhat’sinthebox.Heshook(搖)thebox.Hissister,Nancycametohim,“Oh,Mike,youaretakingmypresent.”“What?Openitandhavealook!”Thentheyopenedthebox,aprettydressinit.Mikelookedaround,andhesawanotherboxforhimunderthetree.Hewashappy.56、Mikegotupat__________.(

)A．twentytosix B．sixtwenty C．six57、Thelovelydogisfor_________.(

)A．Nancy B．Nancy’ssister C．Nancy’sbrother58、Theprettydressisfor_________.(

)A．Nancy B．Nancy’ssister C．Nancy’sbrother59、Mikegot_____presentsfromhisfamily.

(

)A．one B．two C．three60、What’sintheboxforMike?

(

)A．Atoydog. B．Adress. C．Sorry,Idon’tknow.八、選擇題4TomorrowisSunday.LiMingisn’tgoingtoschool.Heisgoingtogetupearly.Inthemorning,heisgoingtovisitthesciencemuseum.He’sgoingtherebysubway.He’sgoingtohavelunchatMcDonald’s.Intheafternoon,heisgoingtoplayfootballwithhisfriends.Atabout3:30,heisgoinghometodohishomework.Thenheisgoingtocleanhisbedroom.He’sgoingtocookthemealforhisparentsintheevening.61、Whatdayisittoday?(

)A．Sunday. B．Saturday. C．Friday.62、What’sLiMinggoingtodoonSundaymorning?(

)A．Heisgoingtovisitthesciencemuseum.B．Heisgoingtovisithisgrandparents.C．Heisgoingtoplayfootball.63、LiMingisgoingtothesciencemuseumby_____.(

)A．train B．subway C．bus64、LiMingisgoingtohavelunch_____.(

)A．a(chǎn)tschool B．a(chǎn)thome C．a(chǎn)tMcDonald’s65、IsLiMingagoodchild?(

)A．Yes,heis. B．No,heisn’t. C．Yes,heisn’t.九、選擇題4It'sverycoldoutside.Therecomesablackcaranditstopsinfrontofashoppingmall.Ayoungwomanisinthecar.Sheishungryandwantstobuyahamburgertoeat,butshedoesn'twanttogooutonsuch(如此)acoldmorning.Atthattime,sheseesaboyplayinginthestreet."Comeon,boy!"shesaystotheboy."Doyouknowhowmuchahamburgerisintheshoppingmall?""Twoyuaneach,"theboyanswers.Shegivestheboyfouryuanandaskshimtobuytwohamburgers.Oneisforyouandtheotherisforme,"shesays.Aftersomeminutes,theboycomesback.Heiseatingahamburger.Hegivestheyoungwomantwoyuanandsays,“Sorry,thereisonlyonehamburgerleft."66、Theblackcarstopsbecause_______.(

)A．itisbroken(壞的) B．thewomanseesaboyplayinginthestreetC．thewomanwantstobuyahamburger D．thewomanwantstolookforapeople67、Ahamburgerintheshoppingmallis_______.(

)A．6yuan B．4yuan C．1yuan D．2yuan68、Theyoungwomanhas_______atlast.(

)A．nohamburger B．onehamburger C．twohamburgers D．threehamburgers69、Themeaning(意思)ofthelastword“l(fā)eft”is_______.(

)A．左邊的 B．剩余的 C．可口的 D．難吃的70、Fromthepassage,wecanknowthestoryhappens_______.(

)A．inwinter B．insummer C．onawarmday D．onahotday【參考答案】一、單項(xiàng)選擇題解析：B【詳解】句意：黑美人停了下來，因?yàn)闃驍嗔?。A房子，B橋，C馬車，根據(jù)所學(xué)可知選項(xiàng)B符合句意，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：B【詳解】句意：海倫，你想要些咖啡嗎？many許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，coffee是不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句中，any用于疑問句或否定句中，在表示建議，反問，請(qǐng)求的疑問句中，多用some而不用any，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：C【詳解】句意：這些是我的書。請(qǐng)把它們撿起來。句中的books是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以用人稱代詞賓格them代替，而不用it，排除AB，pickup中的up是副詞，人稱代詞賓格作賓語，要放到pick與up中間，排除D，故選C。【點(diǎn)睛】解析：B【詳解】句意：我經(jīng)常給我的朋友寫信。writeletterstosb.給某人寫信，所以該空填介詞to，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：B【詳解】句意：無錫秋天經(jīng)常下雨嗎？本題考查動(dòng)詞形式。does助動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式，did助動(dòng)詞過去式；rainy形容詞，rain動(dòng)詞或名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，often是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)，疑問句應(yīng)該借助助動(dòng)詞does，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用原形，故選B。解析：B【詳解】句意：媽媽明天沒有工作，因此她打算和她的朋友們?nèi)ベ徫铩４祟}考查一般將來時(shí)，tomorrow是一般將來時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，A動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)，排除，C動(dòng)詞過去式，排除，B打算去，根據(jù)句意，故選B。7．C解析：C【詳解】句意：—你上周末做什么了？—我去了外灘。本題考查What引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句及其回答。you是第二人稱，What后面加do引導(dǎo)疑問句，由lastweek可知句子是一般過去時(shí)，do用過去式did，故選C。8．C解析：C【詳解】句意：我喜歡______在城市，但是我的堂兄（妹）們_______。liketodosth/likedoingsth喜歡做某事，but表述轉(zhuǎn)折，前半句有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后半句再次提到用助動(dòng)詞代替，故選C。9．B解析：B【詳解】句意：我們不該用____塑料袋____塑料瓶。A太多，和；B太多，或；C太多，或；bags和bottles為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用toomany修飾，因此第一空填toomany；句子為否定句，應(yīng)用or表并列，故選B。10．B解析：B【詳解】句意：上周三下雨了，下了一整天的雨。根據(jù)was可知第一個(gè)空填形容詞/動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，排除C；第二個(gè)空填謂語動(dòng)詞，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第二個(gè)空填過去式，排除A。故選B。1解析：B【詳解】句意：地球日在____。A4月23日，B4月22日，C6月22日，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知地球日在4月22日。故選B。1解析：A【詳解】句意：木材來自樹木。我們用木材做桌子。A第三人稱單數(shù)，B原形，C動(dòng)名詞，該句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語Wood是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選A。1解析：C【詳解】句意：看！男人們______。A動(dòng)詞原形，B動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)，C.be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)Look，可知句子為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，bedoing結(jié)構(gòu)，主語Themen是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，smoke的現(xiàn)在分詞為smoking。故選C。1解析：C【詳解】AB都是一般疑問句，C是特殊疑問句，一般疑問句通常用升調(diào)，而特殊疑問句通常用降調(diào)，故選C。1解析：B【詳解】句意：明天將有一個(gè)派對(duì)。句子為therebe句型，表示有，該空應(yīng)填be動(dòng)詞，排除A選項(xiàng)。to后面加動(dòng)詞原形，故選B。二、用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空16．tocall【詳解】句意：我們用電話給人們打電話。本題考查用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故答案為tocall。17．keep【詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在你必須在課堂上保持安靜。must后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為keep。18．D解析：makes【詳解】句意：臟煙使我們的家園很臟。主語Dirtysmoke是第三人稱單數(shù)，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式makes，故答案為makes。19．rainy【詳解】句意：大豐的夏天通常多雨。is后面接形容詞形式rainy作表語，故答案為rainy。20．willbuy【詳解】句意：我們明天下午將要買一些新衣服。由句中的時(shí)間狀語“tomorrowafternoon”（明天下午）可知要用一般將來時(shí)，故答案為willbuy。21．tokeep【詳解】句意：我們能做些什么來保持我們的教室干凈？keep保持，該空用不定式形式做目的狀語。故答案為tokeep。22．F解析：couldn’t【詳解】句意：五年前，湯姆不會(huì)寫字，但是現(xiàn)在他會(huì)。cannot不會(huì)，根據(jù)時(shí)間Fiveyearsago可知該句是一般過去時(shí)，故can用過去式could，與not可縮寫為couldn't。故答案為couldn't。23．walking【詳解】句意：鮑比放學(xué)后正步行回家。walk步行，根據(jù)橫線前的is可知該句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語+be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，walk的現(xiàn)在分詞形式為walking。故答案為walking。24．factories【詳解】句意：工廠的黑煙使空氣變臟。factory工廠，可數(shù)名詞，本題表泛指，用復(fù)數(shù)factories，故答案為factories。25．ideas【詳解】句意：你們的想法非常好。做得好，同學(xué)們！idea想法，橫線后的be動(dòng)詞是are，主語應(yīng)為第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，idea用復(fù)數(shù)形式ideas。故答案為ideas。26．towash【詳解】句意：人們用水洗手。usesthtodosth用某物做某事，故答案為towash。27．didn’tgo【詳解】句意：上個(gè)周末我姐姐沒有去外灘。go去，lastweekend是一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，根據(jù)所給提示可知該句是否定句，故需加助動(dòng)詞didn't，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為didn'tgo。【點(diǎn)睛】28．clouds【詳解】句意：星期天下午天空中烏云密布。根據(jù)句意，可知考查cloudy名詞cloud，由系動(dòng)詞were，可知為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式clouds，blackclouds烏云，名詞詞組，故答案為clouds?！军c(diǎn)睛】29．

factories

makes【詳解】句意：工廠冒出的煙污染了空氣。factory工廠，可數(shù)名詞，本題表泛指，用復(fù)數(shù)factories；主語smoke是不可數(shù)名詞，make用第三人稱單數(shù)形式makes。故答案為factories，makes?！军c(diǎn)睛】30．

Their

them【詳解】句意：_____身體太硬了。請(qǐng)不要擊打他們。thet它們，第一空做bodies的定語，故用形容詞形物主代詞，they的形容詞性物主代詞為their，第二空做hit的賓語，故用賓格形式，they的賓格形式為them，故答案為Their；them?！军c(diǎn)睛】三、完成句子31．

take

into【詳解】句意：請(qǐng)不要把你的飲料帶入閱覽室。本題考查動(dòng)詞短語及形式，takesth.into+地點(diǎn)，帶某物帶進(jìn)某地，don’t后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為take；into。3tfirst【詳解】句意：起初天氣很好，但后來下起了大雨。最初用介詞短語atfirst表示，故答案為atfirst。33．plant##lant【詳解】句意：我們可以在學(xué)校種更多的樹。根據(jù)句意及首字母，可知考查單詞plant種植，can后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為plant。3ouldn’treadorwrite【詳解】句意：這個(gè)女孩三歲時(shí)不會(huì)讀和寫。從句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，可知主句也應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。能can，過去時(shí)為could，不能couldnot，可以縮寫為couldn’t，后面加動(dòng)詞原形。讀read，寫write，主句為否定句，連詞用or或者。故答案為couldn’treadorwrite。3irty##irty【詳解】句意：煙使空氣_______。根據(jù)句意及首字母d，可知該空考查形容詞dirty，意思是臟的，故答案為dirty。3round【詳解】句意：在我們周圍有很多狗，我們害怕它們。根據(jù)所給的漢語，可知考查單詞around在……周圍，介詞，故答案為around。37．D解析：bring##ring【詳解】句意：明天不要帶玩具來學(xué)校。帶來用動(dòng)詞bring表示，句子為祈使句否定形式，Don’t加動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為bring。38．

dirtywater

make【詳解】句意：工廠里的垃圾和臟水使魚死了。臟水英語為dirtywater，主語rubbishanddirtywater是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形，故答案為dirtywater，make。【點(diǎn)睛】39．grandchildren##randchildren【詳解】句意：他們是你兒子或女兒的孩子。他們是你的________。根據(jù)句意及首字母g，可知考查名詞grandchild孫子/孫女/外孫子/外孫女。根據(jù)人稱代詞They，可知該空填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式grandchildren，故答案為grandchildren。【點(diǎn)睛】40．

useful

save【詳解】句意：水是有用的，我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約水。有用的是形容詞，英文是useful，節(jié)約是動(dòng)詞，英文是save，should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為useful；save?！军c(diǎn)睛】四、完形填空解析：41、B

42、A

43、B

44、C

45、A

46、C

47、A

48、A

49、C

50、B【分析】41、句意：那是冬天的一個(gè)寒冷的日子。winter冬天，季節(jié)前用介詞in，故選B。42、句意：一個(gè)農(nóng)夫在回家的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條蛇。onone'swayhome在某人回家的路上，故選A。43、句意：它幾乎凍死了。A食物，B冷的，C他，選項(xiàng)B符合句意，故選B。44、句意：他小心翼翼地把它放進(jìn)暖和的衣服里，帶到家里。o...把……放入……，符合句意，故選C。45、句意：他小心翼翼地把它放進(jìn)暖和的衣服里，帶到家里。文章是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，該空填動(dòng)詞過去式，brought是bring的過去式，故選A。46、句意：很快蛇開始移動(dòng)，但它抬起頭試圖咬農(nóng)夫。A他的，B一，C它的，蛇用its，故選C。47、句意：很快蛇開始移動(dòng)，但它抬起頭試圖咬農(nóng)夫。A咬，B吃，C擊打，選項(xiàng)A符合句意，故選A。48、句意：我救了你的命，但你卻這樣感謝我！A但是，B所以，C然后，選項(xiàng)A符合句意，故選A。49、句意：你必須死得越早越好！A可以，B可以，C必須，選項(xiàng)C符合句意，故選C。50、句意：然后他用石頭殺死了蛇。A首先，B然后，C最后，選項(xiàng)B符合句意，故選B。五、閱讀判斷42．F解析：41、T

42、T

43、T

44、F

45、T【分析】41、題干句意：春節(jié)對(duì)于中國人來說是最重要的節(jié)日。根據(jù)However,ChinesepeoplelookonSpringFestivalastheirmostimportantoneofall.可知題干正確，故答案為T。42、題干句意：當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，春節(jié)是我最喜歡的節(jié)日。根據(jù)Andit'salsomyfavoritefestival,especiallywhenIwasachild.可知題干正確，故答案為T。43、題干句意：我可以很多美味的食物。根據(jù)Becauseinthosedays,Icouldhavealotofdeliciousfoodtoeat.可知題干正確，故答案為T。44、題干句意：當(dāng)我長大后，我期盼著春節(jié)。根據(jù)AfterIgrewup,it'snolongerasimportanttomeasbefore.可知春節(jié)不如以前那么重要了。故題干錯(cuò)誤，故答案為F。45、題干句意：現(xiàn)在我每天都過春節(jié)。根據(jù)It'slikeI'mhavingspringfestivaleveryday!可知題干正確，故答案為T。【點(diǎn)睛】六、閱讀理解解析：51、B

52、C

53、A

54、C

55、A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了彭妮的成長經(jīng)歷。51、句意：—彭妮居住在哪里？—______。A她住在草地上。B她住在農(nóng)場。C她住在學(xué)校。根據(jù)“Pennylivedonafarm.”可知她居住在農(nóng)場，故選B。52、句意：—為什么她被叫做“愚蠢的鵝”？—_______。A因?yàn)樗锹斆鞯?。B因?yàn)樗≡谵r(nóng)場。C因?yàn)樗?jīng)常做愚蠢的事情。根據(jù)“Shewascalledthe“sillygoose”(愚蠢的鵝)becausesheoftendidsomefoolishthings.”可知她經(jīng)常做愚蠢的事情，故選C。53、句意：—當(dāng)她在草地上發(fā)現(xiàn)一本書時(shí)，她高興嗎？—______。根據(jù)“Oneday,shefoundabookonthegrass.Shewasveryhappy.”可知她非常開心，作肯定回答，故選A。54、句意：彭妮的意見對(duì)動(dòng)物們______