2025~2026學(xué)年上海市上海中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期10月月考英語試卷一、單項(xiàng)選擇(★★★★)1.Asisstandard,inastorythereisacentralcharacterandanincitingincidentofsomekind________needstodealwith.

A．heB．thatC．whomD．who(★★)2.Attheendoftheplay,Deriksonreceivedaletterfromanoldacquaintance,________hehadthoughtdead,beggingforgiveness.

A．thatB．whichC．whomD．where(★★★★)3.Freedomisoneofthemostpreciousgiftsthatheavenhasbestoweduponmen;notreasures________theearthholdsburiedortheseaconcealscancomparewith________.

A．that;itB．which;/C．where;itD．that;/(★★★★)4.Theboardofdirectorsdidn’testablisharobustlong-termplantocombatthepossiblecrisisahead,________leftthecompanyprofoundlyvulnerablewhenthesupplychaincrisisarose.

A．thefailurethatB．a(chǎn)failurewhichC．thatD．onethat(★★★★)5.Withthecomingofbigdataage,datascienceissupposedtobestarvedfor,________canleadtoenhancedcorporatecompetitiveness.

A．a(chǎn)pplicationofwhichB．ofwhomtheapplicationC．towhichtheapplicationD．ofwhichtheapplication(★★★)6.Theprojectmanagerwillimplementarigoroussystemofdailycheck-insandprogresstrackingsoftwaretomakesurethateverysingleteammemberconsistently________theirtasks

A．updatedB．hasupdatedC．updatesD．willupdate(★★★★)7.Victorianauthorsusuallywrotenovelsaboutanadolescentsincetheadolescentwasablanksheetofpaper________allpossibilitieswereopen,sothatnovelistscouldwriteanyplot________theywanted.

A．ontowhich;whichB．ontowhich;thatC．ontowhom;/D．ontowhom;that(★★★★★)8.Whodoesn’trespecthim________knowshowmuchhehassacrificedforthecountry?

A．thatB．whoC．/D．but(★★★)9.Thisistheonlycafé________we’vetried________offershomemadedessertswithnoaddedsugar

A．that;/B．which;thatC．/;thatD．where;and(★★★)10.Iaskedhimtoquitsmoking.Hepromisedfair,butinsuchamanner________weadopttosootheachild.

A．thatB．howC．whereD．a(chǎn)s(★★★)11.________breakstherulesofthedormitorywillbepunished.

A．AnyonewhichB．ThosewhoC．NomatterwhoD．Anyonewho(★★★)12.WutheringHeightsisthenameofMr.Heathcliff’sdwelling,with“Wuthering”beingasignificantprovincialadjective,descriptiveoftheatmospherictumult(混亂)________itsstationisexposedinstormyweather.

A．/B．inwhichC．towhichD．that(★★★)13.Risksandopportunitiesaretwosidesofthesamecoin.Isthereasingledecisionwe’vemadeinlife________carrieseitherhiddenrisksorunexpectedopportunitiesbeneathitssurface?

A．thatB．butC．whereD．which(★★★)14.Thecompanyisupgradingitsinternalmanagementsystem________employees’workprogressistrackedtransparentlytoimproveefficiency.

A．whoseB．onwhichC．towhichD．where(★★)15.Thehistorianleanedovertheancientmanuscript(手稿),________atthefadedinkinthedimlight,tryingtofigureoutameaningthathadbeenlostforcenturies

A．peepingB．glancingC．glaringD．peering(★★★)16.Beforetheinventionofpowerfultelescopes,earlyastronomershadto________elementaryinstruments,yettheystillmanagedtomakeremarkablyaccurateobservations.

A．makedowithB．makeupforC．makewayforD．makeoutof(★★★★)17.Incaseofsuddenafflictionwiththevirus,ourhotelcan________acertifiednursetolookafteryourchildren,________theyoungestapparentlyishavingafeveratthemoment.

A．a(chǎn)rrange;whoseB．a(chǎn)rrangefor;whoseC．a(chǎn)rrange;ofwhomD．a(chǎn)rrangefor;ofwhom(★★)18.Thelong-term________ofthecity’spublicinfrastructurebecamepainfullyevidentwhentheheavyrainstriggeredwidespreadflooding.

A．ignoranceB．neglectC．foolishnessD．reflection(★★★)19.Despitethesevere________imposedontheuseofexpensiveequipmentbythetightbudget,theteammanagedtodeliveraproductthatexceededallexpectations

A．expectationsB．a(chǎn)dministrationsC．shortagesD．limitations(★★)20.Afterbeingimmersedintheresearchonancientcivilizationsformonths,shedevelopedsucha(n)________forrevealingoverlookedhistoricaldetailsthatshegaveupherweekendleisuretimetodiveinrelatedarchives.

A．a(chǎn)cquisitionB．a(chǎn)ppetiteC．a(chǎn)musementD．a(chǎn)dvance(★★)21.Postponingtheprojectdeadlineagainandagainwithoutavalidreason________abreach(違反)oftheinitialcooperationagreement,andtheclienthastherighttoendthepartnership.

A．a(chǎn)mountstoB．a(chǎn)ccountsforC．a(chǎn)ccessestoD．a(chǎn)llowsfor二、選詞填空(★★★★)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox:Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce,Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.ignoreB.primarilyC.exposingD.academicallyE.relatedAB.appointing

AC.accessAD.seekingAE.involvedBC.limitingBD.increasinglyLonelyKids,DigitalRevenge:China’sGrowingTeenDoxxingCrisisDoxxing—thepracticeofrevealingpersonalinformationonlinetopromoteharassment—hasbecomea(n)22commontacticonChinesecampuses,asmoreandmoresimilarincidentshavegrabbedtheheadlines.Perpetrators(作惡者)often23personaldatafromonlineplatforms,trackIPaddresses,orsimplycollectinformationfromendlesssearchesonsocialmediaplatforms,toassembleacompleteprofileoftheirintendedvictim.Later,theyfindsatisfactionindeliveringwhattheyseeas“digitaljustice”by24theirtargets’personalandfamilyidentities.YetbehindChina’steendoxxingepidemicliesadeeperstoryofbullying,absentparents,andyoungpeopledesperately25connectionandcontrol.Forinstance,GaoYi,knownas“DragonKing”inChina’sundergrounddoxxingcommunity,begandoxxingwithhisownexperiencesasavictimofschoolbullying.26gifted,hewasoftenpraisedbyteachers,whichhisprimaryschoolclassmatesinterpretedasfavoritism,leadingtohissocialexclusion.Inmiddleschool,bullieswouldsimply27himorthrowhiswaterbottlearoundtheplaygroundlikeagame.Whenadvertisementsfor“doxxingservices”begancirculatinginhisQQgroupchats,Gaosawanopportunitytofinallyshowcasehistechnicalskillsandgaintherecognitionhedesired.Hebeganimmersinghimselfintheonlinedoxxingworld.GaoadvertisedhisservicesonWeChat,partlyforextraincomebut28toshowcasehisskills.Desperatetomakefriends,heusedhisearningstotreatotherboysinhisclasstomealsandkaraokesessions.Butwhenhisdoxxingbusinessgrewsmallerandhecouldnolongeraffordtotreatthem,theyleft.Feelingbetrayed,hewithdrewfromtheirgroupchatandbecamemoredeeply29inthedoxxingcommunity.Offline,Gao’sliferemainedhollow:hisfather,amigrantworker,returnedhomeonlytwiceayear,andhismother,busywithfactorywork,seldomnoticedhisemotionalstruggles.Hissister,12yearsolder,remainedemotionallydistant,30theirinteractionsonlytosmalltalkduringherweeklyvisits.Yetonline,whenhementionedlackingfundsforserversanddatabasebuilding,followerseagerlyofferedfinancialhelp.Whenhesharedhisfeelings,thousandsreadand31tohisexperience,offeringcomfortthroughtheirownsimilarstoriesoflonelinessandrejection.Lookingbackonhisdoxxingdays,Gaoreflects,“Itwasallaboutvanity,thefeelingofbeingfamous.”三、完形填空(★★★)Isalotteryafairersystem?Theannualsecondaryschoolofferdayisbehindusnow.Thousandsofparentsandpupilsacrossthecountrywillbebreathingahugesighof_________tohavegotaplaceattheirfirstorsecondchoiceschoolforSeptember.Ortheymay_________togetanyoftheirfavouredoptionsandarewaitinganxiouslytoseeifthatwillchangeinthenextfewmonths.Thevexedissueofhowtoguaranteeallparentsaplaceintheir_________schoolhasbeenfiercelycontested.Earlyindicationsthisyearsuggesthuge_________inthechancesofsuccessbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Insomeareasjustoverhalfofapplicantsgotaplaceattheirfavouriteschool.Elsewherenearlyeverychilddoes.Inpracticetheschoolsmarketcanbeasteephierarchyinwhichthemost_________schoolswithhighreputationandadvancedfacilitiesenjoyacycleofstrongperformanceandpopularityamongthecandidates.Buttheseschoolsareoften_________childrenfrompoorerbackgrounds.Why?Studieshavesuggestedschoolreputationcan_________upto￡70,000tothepriceofahouseinthesurroundingarea,andonlywealthyfamiliescanaffordtobuyhomesincloseproximitytotheselectschoolstoearnaplacethere.OnesolutionproposedbytheSuttonTrustiswideruseoflotteries(抽簽)forschool_________.Technicallyknownas“_________allocation(分配)”,thismethoddesignatesplacesusingaballotratherthannearnessinspaceonceaschoolisoversubscribed.Intheory,thisshouldgiveallparentsanequalchanceofsuccesswhile_________socialselectionfuelledbywealthyfamiliesbuyinghomesnearsought-afterschools.Buthowarelotteriesworking_________?AnearlierstudycommissionedbytheSuttonTrustin2014suggestedtheywerebeingusedinfewerthan50schools.EightoftheseareinBrightonandHove,wherethecouncilintroducedtheschemeforitscommunityschools10yearsagototryto_________whathadbecomeknownasa“goldenhalo”ofexpensivehousingaroundtwowell-knownschoolsinthecentreofthecity.Sofar,theeffectofadoptinglotteryhasbeenmostlybeneficial._________,thisyear147pupilsacrossthecityfailedtogetanyoftheirthreepreferences,includingVisvalingam’sdaughter.“Itisclearthatwithoutenoughplacestherearestillgoingtobewinnersandloserswithalotterysystem.”NikiWaddenLaingisalso_________aplaceforherson.“Theproblemisthatthemixtureoflotteryandcatchmentshasgivenmanyparentsafalsesenseof_________thattheywillgetaschoolintheirlocalarea,”shesays.“Childrengotovisittheircatchmentschools,theythinktheywillbegoingtherewithalltheirfriends.Whenitdoesn’tworkout,itseemsveryunfair.”32.A．a(chǎn)stonishmentB．reliefC．concernD．disappointment33.A．regretB．failC．neglectD．expect34.A．preferredB．pleasedC．imposedD．related35.A．desperationB．variationC．justiceD．equality36.A．convenientB．a(chǎn)uthoritativeC．remoteD．a(chǎn)dvantaged37.A．a(chǎn)ccusedofB．a(chǎn)shamedofC．inaccessibletoD．limitedto38.A．devoteB．a(chǎn)ssociateC．takeD．a(chǎn)dd39.A．expectationsB．a(chǎn)dmissionsC．preferencesD．examinations40.A．unfortunateB．orderedC．randomD．ignorant41.A．reducingB．a(chǎn)cceleratingC．enhancingD．a(chǎn)dmitting42.A．intheoryB．inprincipleC．indetailD．inpractice43.A．yieldtoB．makeupC．gothroughD．breakdown44.A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．RatherD．Instead45.A．withoutB．a(chǎn)gainstC．beyondD．in46.A．pressureB．securityC．vocationD．temptation四、閱讀理解(★★★★)Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture,astudyfinds.DukeUniversityresearcherslookedataprogramcalledFastTrack,whichwasstartedinthe1990sforchildrenwhowereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomizedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention(干預(yù)),whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethroughtenthgrade,reducedarrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood,asresearchersexplainedinaseparatestudy.Inthelateststudy,researcherslookedatthe“why”behindthosepreviousfindings.Inlookingatthedatafromnearly900students,theresearchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheimpactonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.TheacademicskillsthatweretaughtaspartofFastTrackturnedouttohavelessofanimpactoncrimethandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotionalintelligence.“Theconclusionthatwewouldmakeisthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren,”saysKennethDodge,aprofessoratDukewhowasaprincipalinvestigatorinthisstudyaswellasintheoriginalFastTrackproject.Parentsshoulddoalltheycantopromotetheseskillswiththeirchildren,Dodgesays,asshouldeducationpolicymakers.ToNeilBernstein,apsychologistinWashington,D.C.,whospecializesinchildandadolescentbehaviordisorders,theresearchers’findingsseemtomatchwhathe’sseenamongthegeneralpublicinworkingwithchildrenformorethan30years.Andwhilehesaysheagreeswiththeimportanceofteachingself-controlandsocialskills,hewouldaddempathytothelist,too.“Empathyiswhatmakesusawareofthefeelingsofothers,andwhenyou’reempathic,you’remuchlesslikelytohurtsomeoneelse’sfeelings,”saysBernstein,whoservesontheadvisoryboardforthePartnershipforDrug-FreeKids.“Beingintunewithhowsomeoneelsefeelsmightalsomakeadolescentsavoidbullyingandotherbehaviorsofconcern,”Bernsteinsays.WhileBernsteinthinksthestudy’sfindingsaremeaningfulandcouldpotentiallyserveasamodelforschools,hesaysthatcollectivelygettingaschoolsystem,teachers,parentsandstudentsallmotivatedenoughtotakepartinaninterventionlikeFastTrackischallenging.47.FastTrackisaimedto________.

A．improvechildren’sacademicskillsB．helpthechildrenwithbehaviordisordersC．identifytheproblematicchildrenD．classifychildrenintodifferentgroups48.NeilBernsteinthinksthat________.

A．empathicchildrenaremorelikelytohavehigheremotionalintelligenceB．thefindingsofthestudiesdisagreewithwhathehasfoundinhisworkC．empathyisequallyessentialineducatingandsocializingchildrenD．self-controlandsocialskillsarenotasimportantasempathy49.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A．It’shardtoinvolveeveryoneconcernedinapplyingthefindings.B．Softskillswerenotpartoftheeducationsysteminthepast.C．ThefindingsaremeaninglessunlessguidedbyFastTrack.D．Adolescenceisthemostcriticalstageinaperson’slife.50.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A．Academicskillsarepaidtoomuchattentionatschools.B．Academicskillshavenoinfluenceonchildren’sbehaviors.C．Softskillsaremuchhardertodevelopthanacademicskills.D．Softskillsplayasignificantroleinpreventingfuturecrimes.(★★★★)Thegovernesswasoneofthemostfamiliarfiguresinmid-Victorianlifeandliterature.The1851Censusrevealedthat25,000womenearnedtheirlivingteachingandcaringforotherwomen’schildren.Mostgovernesseslivedwiththeiremployersandwerepaidasmallsalaryontopoftheirboardandlodging.Fromthe1840snovelistsstartedtoputgovernessesintotheirfiction.In1847CharlotteBrontepublishedJaneEyre,thestoryofagovernesswhoeventuallymarriesheremployer,MrRochester.ThesameyearWilliamThackeraystartedpublishingVanityFair,inwhichaschemingyounggovernesscalledBeckySharpcheatsherwaythroughthehighsociety.ItmadesensefortheVictorianheroinetobeagoverness.Justlikeanorphan,thegovernesshadtomakeherownwayintheworld,withnoresourcestocallupon.Herstatusasa“l(fā)ady”allowedhertomixinthebestcircles,butthefactthatsheworkedmeantthatshealsoencounteredallsortsofpeopleandsituationsthatwouldhavebeenfar-fetchedforagirlwholivedwithherparents.

Whobecameagoverness?

Thefirstpartofthe19thcenturywasmarkedbydeepeconomicdistress.Aseriesofbankfailuresmeantthatmanymiddle-classfamiliesfoundthemselvesdestituteovernight.Youngmenfromgoodhomescouldgoouttoworkfromtheageof15withoutbeingashamed.Buttheirsisters,educatedtobe“l(fā)adies”,wouldhavefelthumiliatedtobeseenservinginashoporworkinginafactoryalongsideworking-classgirls.Theonlypossibilitywastogetajobasateacher.Whoemployedagoverness?

Theupperclasseshademployedgovernessesforcenturies.Butfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturythewealthiersectionsofthemiddleclassesfollowedsuit.Employingagovernesssentasignalthattheladyofthehousewastoo“genteel”toteachherdaughtersherself.Justassheemployedservantstocleanherhouse,shepaidanotherwomantoraiseherchildren.Hiringagovernessbecameastatussymbol.Whatdidthegovernessteach?

Thegovernesscouldfindherselfteaching“thethreeRs”(reading,writingandarithmetic)totheyoungest.Ifherpupilswereolderteens,thegovernesswouldalsobeexpectedtoinstructtheminkey“accomplishments”suchasdrawing,playingpiano,anddancing,alldesignedtoattractahusbandinacrowdedmarriagemarket.Thegovernessmightalsobeinchargeofsmallboysuptotheageofeight.Shewasexpectedtolookafterherpupils’moraleducationtoo,settingagoodexampleofmodest,moralbehaviour.51.ThereasonwhygovernessesfloodedVictorianliteratureisthat________.

A．theVictorianreaderspreferredstoriesoforphanedgovernessesB．governessesweremoremorallydesirablethantheleisuredladieswhodon’tworkC．governessesprovedthepossibilityofclimbingthesocialladderwithoutresourcesD．governesseshadaccesstothecomplexworldwheretheyexperiencedvariousadventures52.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A．Mostgovernesseshadtochoosebetweenfreeaccommodationandhumblewages.B．Thegovernesswasnotallowedtoteachyoungboys.C．Governessingwasthemostladylikeandrespectablevocationavailableforwomen.D．Thewealthyemployerswishedtolearnfromthegovernesshowtoteachtheirowndaughters.53.Whichhistoricalillustrationbestdepictsthedutyofagovernessmentionedinthetext?

A．TheNewgoverness:“Whyareyoustaringsointently,Blanche,dear?”

Blanche:“Iwastryingtocountthefreckles(雀斑)onyourface,MissSandpole,butIcan’t!”B．TheNewgoverness:“Ifyousawapoormanstarvinginthestreet,wouldn’tyougivehimsomeofyourpudding,Tommy?”

Tommy:“I’dgivehimsomeofyours.”C．ProudMother(tothenewGoverness):“Andhereisapencil,MissGreen,andanote-bookinwhichIwishyoutowritedownallthecleverandremarkablethingsthedearchildrenmaysayduringyourwalk.”D．ThenewGoverness:“HowdareyouTommy!Ishalltellyourmommy!”

Tommy:“Oh,Idon’tcarewhatmommysays!”(★★★)WhenJaneGoodallfirstarrivedatGombeStreamGameReserveinwhatisnowTanzaniain1960,littlewasknownabouttheworldofchimpanzees.Butthe26-year-oldsecretarywouldgoontomakegroundbreakingdiscoveriesthroughherimmersive,unorthodoxobservations.Infact,Goodall,whodiedonOctober1,lackedformalacademictraining.BorninLondonin1934,GoodallhadlongbeenfascinatedbybothAfricaandanimals.“WhenIwas10,IdreamedofgoingtoAfrica,livingwithanimalsandwritingbooksaboutthem,”GoodalltoldCNN.“EverybodylaughedatmebecauseIwasjustagirl,wedidn’thaveanymoney[and]WorldWarⅡwasraging.”Unabletoaffordcollegeandencouragedbyhermothertolearntypingandbookkeeping,Goodallsoughtsteadyemploymentbyattendingsecretarialschool.Still,Goodallfoundofficeworkabore.Atage23,GoodallwasofferedajobworkingwithfamedpaleoanthropologistLouisLeakeyatanaturalhistorymuseum.Leakeybelievedherlackofformalscientifictraining,alongwithherpassionforanimals,wouldmakehertherightchoicetostudythesociallivesofchimpanzeesatGombe,andGoodallwasenthralledbytheidea.“Hewantedsomeoneobservantandnotblindedbyscientifictheory.”Becauseshedidn’tattendcollege,Leakeyhadtroublesecuringfundingfortheresearch.“Eventually,though,hegotasix-monthgrant,”shewrote.“TheBritishauthoritieshadrefusedtoletayounggirlgointotheforestalone—somymother,Vanne,volunteeredtoaccompanyme.”In1960,Goodallbeganherobservations.Shetookanunorthodoxapproach,immersingherselfintheirhabitat,experiencingtheircomplexsocietyasaneighborratherthanadistantobserver,anddefyingscientificconventionbygivingthemnamesinsteadofnumbers.Shecametounderstandthemnotonlyasaspecies,butasindividualswithpersonalities,complexminds,emotionsandlong-termbonds.Herfindingsonthetool-makingpracticesofchimpanzeesremainoneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesintheworldofprimatology.”WithLeakey’sinfluence,GoodallenteredadoctoralprogramatCambridgeUniversityin1962withoutanundergraduatedegree—oneofjustahandfultodoso,thoughshewasnotexactlyenthusiasticaboutit.“IwasonlydoingthisthesisforLeakey’ssake,”GoodalltoldtheBBC.“I’dneverhadanambitiontobeascientistandbepartofacademia.”Shewaspatronizedbyhermostlymaleclassmatesforgivingthechimpanzeesnamesandpersonalities.“Ididn’tgivethempersonalities,Imerelydescribedtheirpersonalities,”Goodalladded.“SomescientistsactuallysaidImusthavetaughtthem(tousetools).ThatwouldhavebeenamazingifIcouldhavedonethat.”54.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhyGoodall’schildhooddreamoflivinginAfricawithanimalswaslaughedatthen?

A．Becauseshewasagirlwhoissociallyassumedasweakandincapable.B．Becauseshewaslackinginfinances.C．Becauseshemajoredinbookkeepinginsteadofanimalstudy.D．BecausewiththeWorldWarIIraging,thesocietywasunstable.55.WhichlistsallthereasonsmentionedastowhyLeakeyengagedGoodallinhischimpanzeestudy?①Sheisgoodatpayingattentiontodetailswhenobservingtheanimals.②Shehaspassionforascientificeducationinthewildtomakeupforherlackofofficialschooling.③Sheisnotrestrictedbytheestablishedtheoriesandconventionsinthefieldofscience.④Sheisagenuineanddevotedanimallover.

A．①②④B．③④C．①②③④D．①③④56.Whatcanyouinferfromthetext?

A．LeakeyhadtroubleseekingfundingfortheresearchbecauseGoodallcouldn’tconductitalone.B．Conventionalapproachtothestudyofchimpanzeeswastonumberthemandavoidintimateinteraction.C．Goodallwasnotenthusiasticaboutherdoctoraldegreesincequiteafewscientistshavealsomadeit.D．Goodallhopedtohavetaughtchimpanzeestousetoolstoprovetootherscientistsanimalintelligence.57.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Allanimalsarebornequal,justashumansB．Withpassionforanimals,Goodallprovesalife-longlearnerC．Withnocollegedegree,GoodallstillchangedhowweseechimpanzeesD．Thinkingoutoftheboxisimportant(★★★★)DoIvyLeagueAthletesOutperforminCareers?WhatroleshouldathleticsplayinIvyLeaguecollegeadmissions?Doathletesmerelytakespotsfrommoreacademicallyqualifiedapplicants?Ordoesparticipationinsportsbuildaspecialkindofhumancapitalthatisn’ttaughtinclassrooms,onethatmightmakeeducationalcontributionstoallundergraduates?ProfessorofbusinessadministrationPaulGomperscomparedthecareersofIvyLeaguevarsityathletestothoseoftheirnon-athleteclassmatesandfoundthatevenaftercontrollingforconcentration,chosenindustry,yearofgraduation,andotherfactors,theathletesearn3.4percentmoreovertheirentirecareers,andattainmoreseniorpositionsintheorganizationstheyjoin,thantheirclassmates.58Theoutperformance,theresearcherssayinaworkingpaper,beginsabout5yearsaftergraduationandpersiststhrough25yearsout,theendpointofthestudy,whichincludedmorethan400,000IvyLeaguegraduates.Someoftheeconomicoutperformance,theywrite,maybeattributableto“athletesinsportsthatareprimarilyassociatedwitheliteprivateprephighschools,suggestingthatpriorsocioeconomicstatusmayplayaroleinlabormarketsuccess.”59Thesameeffectappearsforathletesfromsportswiththelowestacademicthresholdsforadmission,includingfootball,men’sandwomen’shockey,andmen’sandwomen’sbasketball.60Becauseathletes’outperformanceaccumulatesovertime,andathletesaremorelikelytoberatedbytheirworkforcecontactsonLinkedInasskilledmanagersandleaders,theresearcherssuggestthat“non-academicdevelopmentofhumancapital”maybeafactor.61Butwhatkindsof“humancapital”—intangiblesthatmaybevaluedinthelabormarket—mightathleticsteachthataren’ttypicallylearnedinaclassroom?AtHarvard,theresearcherspointout,theathleticsdepartment’smissionstatementrefersto“thelessonsthathavelongbeentaughtbyathleticparticipation:thepursuitofexcellencethroughpersonaldevelopmentandteamwork,ethicalandresponsiblebehavioronthefieldandoff,adherencetothespiritofrules,leadershipandstrengthofcharacter…”

A．Mostundergraduateclassroomeducationaimstobuildstudents’humancapitalprimarily,ifnotexclusively,throughthedevelopmentofacademicskillsknowntoenhancec