Grammar

TherevisionofV-ing

請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)。1)Smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.2)Playingbasketballissointeresting.3)Workinghardwhenyouareyoungcanhelpyouliveabetterlifewhenyouareold.

主語(yǔ)。一.觀察可知：動(dòng)詞-ing在句子中可以充當(dāng)注意：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但表示多于一個(gè)的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.1.

Talking

(be)easier

than

doing.

2.

Dancing

and

skating

(be)my

hobbies.isare2.用形式主語(yǔ)it，把真正的V-ing形式移置句尾。

常用V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：1)做某事沒(méi)有好處：____________________2)做某事沒(méi)有用處：

___________________3)做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的:_________________________4)值得做某事：_______________________Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnouse/useless

doingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.Itisworthwhile/worthdoingsth.Thereisnopointdoingsth.這種事開不得玩笑。3.在Thereisno結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用V-ing動(dòng)詞。如：5)做某事毫無(wú)意義：________________________6)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.________________

練習(xí)一：用適當(dāng)?shù)男问綄⒕渥友a(bǔ)充完整。1、It’snouse_________(argue)withapersonlikehim.2、Thereisnouse________(keep)silentaboutsuchamatter.3、__________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.4、__________(make)friendsisannecessarypartinourlife.5、__________(play)tricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo．

練習(xí)二：用V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)翻譯下列句子。6、照料家人是我的日常工作。7、給他打電話是沒(méi)有用的。arguingkeepingWalkingMakingPlayingTakingcareofthefamilyismydailyrouting.Itisnouse/uselesscallinghim.

1.請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)。1)Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.(___賓)2)However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.(___賓)

動(dòng)介二.觀察可知：V-ing在句子中可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。2.常跟V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:avoid,miss,delay/put

offadvise,finish,practiseenjoy,imagine,can't

helpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind

避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期建議完成多練習(xí)喜歡想象禁不住承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒忍受保持不介意

2.必須跟V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)：dreamof夢(mèng)想;care

about在乎;give

up放棄aim

at瞄準(zhǔn);feel

like想要;insist

on堅(jiān)持;think

of認(rèn)為;stickto

堅(jiān)持;

lead

to導(dǎo)致;set

about開始做;be

interested

in對(duì)……感興趣;be

used

to習(xí)慣于;get

down

to開始做;look

forward

to

期待;pay

attention

to注意;

devote

oneself

to

獻(xiàn)身于……;be

good

at擅長(zhǎng);be

concerned

about關(guān)心;

3.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，V-ing形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞常省略

spend…(in)

doing花費(fèi)……做某事

have

difficulty/trouble

(in)

doing…做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent…(from)

doing阻止……做某事

waste

time

(in)

doing浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事be

busy

(in)

doing忙于做某事

have

a

good/hard

time

(in)

doing高興做某事/費(fèi)了很大勁做某事There

is

no

point

(in)

doing做某事毫無(wú)意義

4.V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的幾個(gè)特殊情況：(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可以跟V-ing形式，又可以跟todo做賓語(yǔ),意義差別大。

(2)

在動(dòng)詞need,require,want,deserve后，用V-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，即sth.need/require/want/deserve

doing＝need/require/want/deserve

to

be

done.These

clothes

need

washing.＝These

clothes

need

to

be

washed.

(3)在(be)

worth后面只能用V-ing形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。The

film

is

worth

seeing

a

second

time.而be

worthy后面的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)形式，構(gòu)成be

worthy

to

be

done/of

being

done

(4)V-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞/名詞的所有格＋not

doing…Jerry's

not

arriving

on

time

made

the

peoplepresent

angry.

(5)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是V-ing形式。

Ifoundituselessarguingaboutit.練習(xí)二：用適當(dāng)?shù)男问綄⒕渥友a(bǔ)充完整。1.Isuggest__________(invite)himtospeakoneducation.2.Ipractice_______(play)thepianoinmysparetime.3.Alltheboysarelookingforwardto_________(feed)theanimals.4.Thethiefranawayquicklytoavoid__________(catch).5.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop_______and_______(write,listen)tohim.6.Hesucceededin_________(persuade)hertodothejob.10.Thedoorneeds/wants/requires_______(repair).invitingplayingfeedingbeingcaughtwritingtolistenpersuadingrepairing

三.V-ing作表語(yǔ)

Myjobis________(teach)English.(放在___動(dòng)詞后面)

注意：(此時(shí)doing的名詞意義較強(qiáng))與主語(yǔ)通常是同一概念，可與主語(yǔ)互換位置。V-ing作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)和特征。如果和情緒相關(guān)的V-ing形式則形容詞意義較強(qiáng)。表示“令人......”,往往物做主語(yǔ)。如：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing…

The

news

is

very

surprising.teaching系

四.V-ing作定語(yǔ)1.表用途。e.g.awaitingroom=aroom_________2.表正在進(jìn)行，可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)____從句。e.g.Isawawaitingmanthere.=Isawaman__________________there.練習(xí)：1)Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.(用分詞作定語(yǔ)改寫句子)2)Threedayslater,Ireceivedaletterwhichofferedmethejob.(用分詞作定語(yǔ)改寫句子)

Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Threedayslater,Ireceivedaletterofferingmethejob.forwaiting定語(yǔ)whowaswaiting

3.

有些V-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常做定語(yǔ)修飾物，表示“令人......的”，如：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring等。如:That

must

have

been

a

terrifying

experience.

4.單個(gè)的V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾詞前;V-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞之后。falling

leaves正在落下的樹葉

the

girl

wearing

a

red

dress穿紅裙子的女孩

練習(xí)三：用適當(dāng)?shù)男问綄⒕渥友a(bǔ)充完整。

1.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket______thedesert.

2.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents________Chineseintheschool，most_____werefromGermany.

3.Thequestion______________atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.

4.Chinaisa_________country________tothethirdworld.

coveringstudyingofthembeingdiscusseddevelopingbelonging

五.V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)1.常接V-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,listen,feel,find等。1)WhenIpassedthetree,Isawagirl______(cry)underit.2)Manypeoplefeltthehouse_______(shake).2.常接V-ing做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有使役動(dòng)詞have,keep,get,leave等.

Don’tleaveme______(wait)outsideintherain.練習(xí)：1)Theteacherfoundthathisstudentsweretalkingloudlyinclass.(用分詞作賓補(bǔ)改寫句子)cryingshakingwaitingTheteacherfoundhisstudentstalkingloudlyinclass.

練習(xí)四：用下列動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Whenwereturned,wefoundastranger_______(stand)infrontofthehouse.2.Ifeltsomebody________(talk)behindme.3.Iheardagirl_________(cry)inthedark.4.Inoticedathief________(steal)onthebus.5.Hekepther_______(wait)downstairsthewholeday.6.Theyfoundthefilmvery_______(excite).

7.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself_______(lie)inhospital.standingtalkingcrying/crystealingexcitinglyingwaiting

六.V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)

V-ing在句子中可以充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

判斷下列句子中V-ing形式充當(dāng)什么狀語(yǔ)并進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.V-ing作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinAustralia.=____________thosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinAustralia.

WhenhesawBecausetheywere2.V-ing作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

Beingsopoor,theparentscouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.=________________sopoor,theparents3.V-ing作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Givenmoretime,he’lldoitbetter.=___________moretime,he’lldoitbetter.

Though/AlthoughheispoorIfheisgiven

couldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.4.V-ing作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

Beingpoor,helivesahappylife.=________________________________,helivesahappylife.5.V-ing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可以用and連接。

Thebusfellintotheriver,causingthedeathsof50people.=Thebusfellintotheriver_________thedeathsof50people.

anditcausedandlaughed6.V-ing作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以用and連接。

Theywentintotheclassroom,laughinghappily.=Theywentintotheclassroom_______happily.V-ing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)(1)V-ing形式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。Arriving

at

the

station,

we

learned

that

the

train

had

already

gone.

到了車站，我們獲悉火車已開走了。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)arriving

at

the

station的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子主語(yǔ)we，即句意為：我們到了車站，我們獲悉火車開走了。)(2)V-ing的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having

done)。①當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing。Walking

in

the

street,I

met

an

old

friend

of

mine.我正在大街上行走時(shí),遇到了一位老朋友。②當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式having

done。Having

finished

the

letter，he

went

to

post

it.(having

finished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)(3)V-ing形式的語(yǔ)態(tài)(使用V-ing的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，這主要取決于V-ing和句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。)Reading

carefully,he

found

something

he

hadn’t

knowbefore.仔細(xì)閱讀時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些他以前不知道的東西。Being

surrounded

by

her

families,Emily

gained

her

strength.被家人包圍著，艾米麗獲得了力量。(4)英語(yǔ)中一些現(xiàn)在V-ing可以視作插入語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以與句子主語(yǔ)不一致。表明說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。如：generally

speaking“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”,judging

by/from…“從……判斷”,taking

everything

into

consideration“從全局考慮”。Judging

from

his

behaviour，he

must

be

mad.從他的行為來(lái)判斷，他一定是瘋了。練習(xí)：1)Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)

2)Whileshewasplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)3)Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theyallwentouttoplay.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Playingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyallwentouttoplay.4)Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)5)Ashedidn’trecognizethevoice,herefusedtogivethepersonhisaddress.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)6)Althoughheworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Notrecognizingthevoice,herefusedtogivethepersonhisaddress.Workingfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.7)Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)8)Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)

9)Theplanewasheldupbythesnowstormanditcausedthedelay.(用分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子)10)Istoodforaminuteandlookedatthebluesky.Workinghard,you’llsucceed.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.Theplanedwasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.Istoodforaminute,lookingatthebluesky.七.V-ing一般式和完成式的區(qū)別V-ing的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和否定形式形式

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doing完成式否定式beingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenotdoing/notbeingdone/nothavingdone/nothavingbeendone

一般式表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，完成式表示動(dòng)作有明顯的先后順序。一般式表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，完成式表示動(dòng)作有明顯的先后順序。1)______(see)thebeautiful