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必修

第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters

L基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)排查

■知識(shí)速記詞匯句型

[單元詞匯要記牢1

I.認(rèn)閱讀單詞

1.tornadon.(/?/.-oesor-os)龍卷風(fēng);旋風(fēng)

2.droughtn.旱災(zāi);久旱

3.landsliden.(landfall)(山地或懸崖的)崩塌;滑坡

4.tsunamin.海嘯

5.volcaniceruption火山噴發(fā)

6.magnitude幾.(地)震級(jí);重大

7.evacuate疏散;撤出況.撤離

8.helicoptern.直升機(jī)

9.crackn.裂紋;裂縫沅.&".(使)破裂

10.brickn.石專;石專塊

11.metaln.金屬

12.revive況.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒

13.revivaln,振興;復(fù)蘇

14.unify5.&統(tǒng)一;(使)成一體

15.volcanon.(pZ.-oesor-os)火山

16.typhoonn.臺(tái)風(fēng)

17.hurricane".(尤指西大西洋的)颶風(fēng)

18.whistle況.吹口哨;發(fā)出笛聲”.吹口哨n.哨子(聲);呼嘯聲

II.記重點(diǎn)單詞

1.disastern.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害

2.slide九&".(slid,slid)(使)滑行;滑動(dòng)

3.flood機(jī)洪水;大量區(qū)淹沒;大量涌入”.使灌滿水;淹沒

4.rescuen.&”.營(yíng)救;救援

5.damage”.損害;破壞機(jī)損壞;損失

6.destroy”.摧毀;毀滅

7.shelters.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)”.保護(hù);掩蔽九躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))

8.gasn.汽油;氣體;燃?xì)?/p>

9.ruinn.&。力破壞;毀壞

10.percentn.百分之...adj.&adv.每一百中

11.trap”.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套".險(xiǎn)境;陷阱

12.burya.埋葬;安葬

13.effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力

14.contextn.上下文;語境;背景

15.supplyn.供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給;[p/.]補(bǔ)給品”.供應(yīng);供給

16.tap式.&a.輕叩;輕敲;輕拍機(jī)水龍頭;輕叩;輕敲

17.pipen.管子;管道

18.calm。的?.鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的”.使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)靜

19.aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資方.&".偽rm。/)幫助;援助

20.crash".&式.碰撞;撞擊n.撞車;碰撞

21.sweepvt.&況.(swept,swept)打掃;清掃

22.waven.海浪;波浪式.&。力揮手;招手

23.strike沅.&".(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲;突擊;擊打n.罷工;罷課;襲擊

in.知拓展單詞

1.deathn.死;死亡-dead皿/.死的一deadly4力’.致命的一dieo.死亡

2.affect”.影響;(疾?。┣忠u;深深打動(dòng)feffect效果;結(jié)果;影響feffective〃力?.有效的

3.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克”.(使)震驚fshocking〃0?.令人震驚的fshocked4力;

感到震驚的

4.electricityn.電;電能一electricadj.電的;用電的felectronicadj.電子的

5.breathevi.&vt.呼吸-breathn.呼吸fbreathless時(shí).氣喘吁吁的

6.wisdomn.智慧;才智fwise〃力?.明智的funwise〃分不明智的

7.suffer遭受;蒙受(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦fsuffering機(jī)受難;苦楚

8.erupt況火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出feruption機(jī)噴發(fā)

9.survive況.生存;存活”.幸存;艱難度過-survival〃.幸存;生還-survivor機(jī)幸存者;

生還者

10.powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力一powerful〃矽:強(qiáng)大的;強(qiáng)壯的fpowerless〃的.

無力的

11.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況femergent時(shí);緊急的femerge況.浮現(xiàn);出現(xiàn)

12.deliver”&式.遞送;傳達(dá)”.發(fā)表一delivery〃.投遞;送交

13.summaryn,總結(jié);概括;概要fsummariz(s)e況.總結(jié);概括

14.lengthn.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度flong〃力?.長(zhǎng)的flengtheno.(使)變長(zhǎng)

W.背核心短語

1.asif似乎;好像;仿佛

2.inruins嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪

3.inshock震驚;吃驚

4.intheopenair露天;在戶夕卜

5.firstaidkit急救箱

6.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)

7.sweepaway消滅;徹底消除

8.refusetodosth.拒絕做某事

9.thenumberof.........的數(shù)量

[增加詞匯來助力1

1.ambulancen,救護(hù)車

2.ancientadj.古代的

3.anniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念日

4.annuala方.每年的

5.antiquen.古董,古玩

6.apartmentn,公寓

7.apparent。的.表面上的;明顯的

[經(jīng)典句式需悟通1

1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinside

buildings.(too...to...)

雞甚至連豬都太緊張而不能吃東西,狗也不愿意進(jìn)屋里去。

2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.(asif引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣)

仿佛世界末日即將來臨。

3.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.(主語+be+〃4/.+todo)

很難得到水、食物和電。

4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.(thosewho...)

地震剛剛過去,部隊(duì)派出了15萬名戰(zhàn)士奔赴唐山,將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。

5.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlines

acrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia?India,Thailand?Malaysia>

andatleastfourothercountries.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)

過去40年來最強(qiáng)的一次地震引起的海嘯昨天登陸了亞洲海岸,造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國(guó)、

馬來西亞以及其他至少四個(gè)國(guó)家的6,500多人死亡。

6.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(be

doing...when...正在做...突然....)

我正和我的三個(gè)孩子一起吃早飯,突然海水開始灌到我家。

■語境填詞

請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。

death,suffer,breathe,deliver,damage,strike,bury,shock

Disasterssuchastornadoes,droughts,floods,landslidesvolcaniceruptions,typhoons,

hurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother,causinggreat1.damagetomany

countries.Insummary,theearthquakehastheworsteffects.The1976Tangshanearthquakecaused

morethan240,0002.deaths.90percentofhomeslayinruinsandpeople3.sufferedalot.Food,

waterandelectricitywerehardtoget.Everywherethe4.shockedsurvivorssawdestroyedbricks,

deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetalsasiftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamsdug

outthetrapped,5.buriedthedead,andbuiltsheltersintheopenair.Withunifiedeffortsand

wisdomofallpeople,thecityreviveditselfandbeganto6.breatheagain.Earthquakesunderthe

seacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat7.struckAsiain2004crashedintocoastlines.Huge

wavessweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby8.deliveringfoodand

suppliesbyhelicopters.(Tipsforemergency:KeepcalmTaponapipeorwhistlefor

helpXStayawayfrompowerlinesXSurviveonwhatyouhaveonhandXKeepfirstaidkitsat

home)

L核心考點(diǎn)突破

提示:題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯

11affectv.影響;感動(dòng);(疾?。┣忠u;使感染(effect機(jī)影響;結(jié)果;效果effectiveadj.^

效的)

?beaffectedby受...的影響;被....感動(dòng)

beaffectedwith感染...疾病

?haveaneffect/influenceon/upon對(duì)...產(chǎn)生影響

(l)Wemusttakeeffective(affect)measurestopreventnaturaldisastersinadvance.

(2)Unluckily,hewasaffected(affect)withaseriousillnessandpassedaway,makingusdepressed.

(3)總的來說,英文報(bào)比"仍對(duì)我有巨大的影響。我經(jīng)常被報(bào)紙中數(shù)不清的感人故事深深感動(dòng)。

(2021?新高考全國(guó)I,應(yīng)用文寫作)

Insummary,theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmagreatly/hasagreateffectonme.Iamoften

deeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.

0shock此(使)震驚n.休克;震驚;令人震驚的事(shocked.感到震驚的shockingadj.

令人震驚的)

?beashockto...對(duì)...而言是一^牛震驚的事

inshock吃驚地,震驚地

?beshockedatsth./that...對(duì)...感到震驚

beshockedtodosth.因做某事而感到震驚

(l)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruinsinshock,hecalled911immediatelytorescuethe

injuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.

(2)A11ofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountain

fire.(shock)

(3)1wasshockedtohear(hear)thenewsthathiscargotcrashedtheotherdayseriously.Thenews

wasashocktous.

(4)Thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.ElliandIwereshocked.

(2020?浙江,讀后續(xù)寫)

fThebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin,whichshockedElliandme/whichmadeElli

andmeshocked.(用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句改寫)

fWhatshockedElliandmewasthatthebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.(用what

引導(dǎo)的主語從句和that引導(dǎo)的表語從句改寫)

同回與以埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隱藏

burysth.in…把某物埋在...

buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋頭于,專心于

(l)Heweptsadlyandheburiedhisfaceinhishands.(讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)

_Heweptsadly,buryinghisfaceinhishands.(用doing作狀語改寫)

一Heweptsadly,withhisfaceburiedinhishands.(用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)

fHeweptsadly,hisfaceburiedinhishands.(用獨(dú)立主格改寫)

(2)我每天專心讀英文報(bào)并獲得了豐富多彩的知識(shí)。(2021?新高考全國(guó)I,應(yīng)用文寫作)

①Iburymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedlotsof

colorfulknowledge.

②BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(用

過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)

Elsuffer比?遭受;蒙受近?(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(suffering〃.受苦,遭難;苦楚,苦

難sufferern.受害者;患者)

sufferfrom遭受……折磨;患…

(l)Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalotfromthetyphoon,andwatersuppliesandelectricity

werehardtoget.

(2)生活中總有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦難讓我們更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。(讀后續(xù)寫之升華句X強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthesufferingthatmakesusstronger.

司survive試生存;存活幸免;幸存;艱難度過;生還;比...活得長(zhǎng)(survivor〃?幸存

者survivaln.幸存;生還)

surviveon靠...存活下來

survivesth.幸免于;從...中活過來

AsurviveB(by+時(shí)間)A比B活得長(zhǎng)(....)

(l)Wewilldoeverythinginourpowertohelpthosesurvivors(survive)inthetornado.

(2)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirelyondiscarded(丟棄的)

food.(2019?浙江)

(3)Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness,shestillsurvivedherhusbandby5years.

(4)生活不在于如何從暴風(fēng)雨中幸存,而在于學(xué)會(huì)在雨中翩翩起舞。(讀后續(xù)寫之升華句)

Lifeisn'tabouthowtosurvivethestorm;it'saboutlearningtodanceintherain.

得strikevt.&vi.(struck,struck/stricken)擊打;罷工;(時(shí)鐘等)敲響;擦(火柴);撞擊;侵襲;

給(某人以……)印象;突然想起m罷工;罷課;襲擊

?bestruckwith/by被...所襲擊(感動(dòng))

Itstrikessb.that…某人覺得...;某人突然想起....

sth.strikesb.某人想到...

?beonstrike在罷工

goonstrike舉行罷工

?表示“突然想到”的單詞還有hit,occuro

(1)Theworkersarecomingoutonstrikeforhigherwages,whichisashocktothegovernment.

(2)被他為我所做的事情所感動(dòng),我不能自己,感激的淚水順著臉頰流下來。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理

描寫)

①BecauseIwasstruckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn,tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitude

flowingdownmycheeks.

②Struckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn'tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdown

mycheeks.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)

⑶我突然想到我可以通過把我的頭塞進(jìn)南瓜贏得第一名。(20214月浙江,讀后續(xù)寫)

Itsuddenlystruck/hit/occurredtomethatIcouldwinthefirstplacebyforcingmyheadinsidethe

pumpkin.

Hinmins嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪(niin/i.廢墟;毀滅作毀滅;使破產(chǎn))

be/lieinruins成為廢墟:毀滅

fall/comeintoruin成為廢墟;毀滅

ruinone'shope/health毀掉某人的希望/健康

(1)90percentofhouseslayinruinsafterthelandslideandhelicopterswereusedtoevacuatepeople

livingthere.

(2)ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnightandit

nearlyruinedhishealth.(2020?全國(guó)I,書面表達(dá))

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,which

nearlyruinedhishealth.(用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句改寫)

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,nearly

ruininghishealth.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)

Hasif/though似乎;仿佛;好像

?asif相當(dāng)于asthough,意為“似乎,好像“,用在seem,look等系動(dòng)詞之后引導(dǎo)表語從句。

asif/though還可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。

?若asif/though從句描述非現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,則用虛擬語氣。

①當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞一般用were);

②當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞);

③當(dāng)從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。

(l)Listen,thewhistleofanambulance!Itseemsasifthereis(be)anemergency.

(2)Whenapencilispartlyputintowater,itlooksasifitwere(be)broken.

⑶似乎Mac的生命結(jié)束了。

ItseemedasifMac'slifehadcometoanend.

⑷樹林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木叢后面都有一頭兇猛的野獸。她越這樣想就越害怕。(讀后續(xù)

寫之心理描寫)

Itisdarkinthewoods.ltseemsasiftherewereafiercebeastbehindeverybush.Themoreshe

thinksofthis,themorefrightenedsheis.

(5)看起來好像他們可能會(huì)給我們一百萬美元。但我知道這是不可能的。

Itseemsasiftheymight/wouldgiveusamilliondollars.ButIknowitisimpossible.

用法點(diǎn)撥若從句描述的情況發(fā)生的可能性很大,則不用虛擬語氣。

bedoing...when...

IwithmythreechildrenKhmwater

startedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早飯,突然海水開始灌到我家。

句中when用作并列連詞,意為“這時(shí)突然“。when表示“這時(shí)突然”之意,還用于以下三

種句型:

?beabouttodo...when…正要估攵.突然....

?beonthepointofdoing...when…正要做..突然....

?had(just)done...when…剛做完.這時(shí)突然....

(1)我們正要離開時(shí),隔壁房間突然發(fā)出了巨大的響聲。

Wewereabouttoleave/wereonthepointofleavingwhenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.

(2)我正在上網(wǎng)搜索相關(guān)信息,這時(shí)我的手機(jī)突然響了。

IwassearchingtheInternetfortherelevantinformationwhenmycellphonerang.

⑶我剛剛從著火的房子里逃出來,這時(shí)房子塌了。

Ihadjustescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitfelltotheground.

■鞏固落實(shí)

提示:題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯

I.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練—清除閱讀障礙

1.strike

A.a打BM使突然想起C.兒罷工

Do.(災(zāi)難、疾病等)襲擊E々.劃(火柴)FM(鐘)敲)

(l)WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststruck10.F

(2)Asanoldsayinggoes,“Striketheironwhileit'shot."You'dbettergooverwhatyou

havelearnedassoonaspossible.A

(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandthewarmlightfilledtheroomimmediately.E

(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay.C

(5)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek,whichthencausedaterribletsunami.D

(6)Itstrikesusthatwecanfollowthestreambacktothefarmhouse.B

2.deliver

A.遞送B.生(小孩);接生C.發(fā)表(演說等)

(l)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.B

(2)rmhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday.A

(3)1feelgreatlyhonouredtodeliveralectureongeneticengineeringhere.C

3.affect

A.影響B(tài).感動(dòng)C.(疾病)侵襲;使感染

(l)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,wecouldn'tholdbacktears.B

(2)Honestlyspeaking,thecoming-of-ageceremonyaffectsmegreatly.(2020?天津,書面表達(dá))

A

(3)Thefloodaffectedtheareagreatly,destroyinghousesandcausingmanydeaths.C

4.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思

(l)Shewasrushedtothehospitalaftersufferingfromshock.休克

(2)Whenwevisitedtheoldfamilyhome,pastsweetmemoriescamefloodingback.大量涌入

II.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識(shí)

1.Hemadeagreatefforttosavethegirltrapped(trap)intheburninghouse.

2.Workingouteitherindoorsoroutdoorsregularlywillaffectfeffect)yourfitnesspositively.

3.Thenewsthattheathletefailedinthemarathonduetoaseriousinjurymadeusshocked(shock).

4.Buned(bury)inreadingthelegendofamasterinbasketball,hedidn'tmakeittoschoolon

time.

5.Howcanyousurviveonsuchapoordiet?Keepingslimdoesn'tmakesenseifyou'renot

healthy.

6.Comparedwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor,teachersexperiencemoremental

sufferings(suffer).

7.ItstruckmethatIwascheatingmyselfbypretendingtounderstandwhatIdidn't.

8.Thestadiumandthegymlayinruinsafterthebigfirecausedbycarelesssmoking.

9.Theschoolboyscompetefiercelyinthesoccermatchasiftheywerecompeting(compete)ina

nationalchampionship.

10.Towinanhonourforhiscountry,hedidn'tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace,

setting(set)agoodexampletoothers.

L寫作能力提升

i.單句寫作—應(yīng)用文增分練

(2021?全國(guó)乙)——在線學(xué)習(xí)

1.我覺得在線學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)我們學(xué)生有重大影響。(Itstrikessb.that;effect)

Itstrikesmethatonlinelearninghasagreateffectonusstudents.

2.許多學(xué)生專心學(xué)習(xí)有益的在線課程,這既擴(kuò)大了他們的視野也提高了他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。(be

buriedin;現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)

Manystudentsareburiedinlearningbeneficialonlinecourses,broadeningtheirhorizonsand

enhancingtheirlearninginterest.

3.然而,使我們震驚的是許多學(xué)生沉溺于在線游戲。(shock)

However,whatshocksus/whatmakesusshockedisthatmanystudentsareaddictedtoonline

games.

4.這從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看一定會(huì)毀掉他們的健康和希望。(ruin)

Itwilldefinitelyruintheirhealthandhopei

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