2024年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題第1套(含答案)PartIWriting(30minutes).Directions:Supposethebusinessschoolofyouruniversityisconductingasurveytocollectstudents'opinionsontheexpressdeliveryserviceindustryinChina.Youaretowritearesponseaboutitsrecentdevelopmentanditsimpactonpeople'slives.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes).SectionA.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Sheismakingaspecialefforttoberecognized.B)ShehasbeenlivinginFayettevillefor25years.C)Shehasbeendrivingaschoolbuseversince2009.D)Sheisthelongest-servingbusdriverinFayetteville.2.A)Theimportanceoftheirservicetothecity.B)Thenumberofriderstheyserveinthecity.C)Thenewproclamationissuedearlythisweek.D)ThesignificanceoftheeventtotakeplaceMarch18.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Budgeted$56.7millionforthecomingschoolyear.B)Requestedtoraiseteachers'salariesby3percent.C)Proposedaspendingincreaseby5.99percent.D)Keptraisingfundsforatleast8budgetcycles.4.A)Decreaseinsalariesforschooladministrators.B)Reductioninfederalandstatefunding.C)Firingoflessqualifiedfacultymembers.D)Closingdownofsomelesscompetitiveschools.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)TheyoftentakeplaceintheScottishhighlands.B)Theyusuallyhappeninthemiddleofthenight.C)Theirdamagecanbeasseriousasthatofbombs.D)Theirloudclapscanbeconfusedwithexplosions.6.A)Theysentoutamessagetocalmthemdown.B)Theypromisedtostoptheconstructionwork.C)Theytoldthemthemilitaryexercisewasover.D)Theysetofftoinspectthesiteoftheplanecrash.7.A)Keepwarm.B)Takecaution.C)Avoiddriving.D)Userailservice.SectionB.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Whythemanissoanxioustobuyanewphone.B)Howthemancouldpossiblyaffordanewphone.C)Howthemangotintothehabitofbeingwasteful.D)Whythemanissofondofusinghiscreditcard.9.A)Itisnotinfashionanymore.B)Itgoesoutoforderfrequently.C)Itisnotasfancyashiscolleagues.D)Itlacksfunctionsofficeworkrequires.10.A)Itenableshimtobuyanewphoneatamorefavorableprice.B)Itisaspecialoffertorecentcollegegraduatesworkinginoffices.C)Itisavailabletoofficeworkerswhohaveagoodenoughcreditscore.D)Itallowshimtoborrowmoneywithoutpayinginterestforsixmonths.11.A)Sheborrowedmoneytopayherdebt.B)Shedevelopedahabitofoverspending.C)Sheenjoysbuyingalotoffancythings.D)Sheregretsignoringthewoman'sadvice.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Blogwritingandnaturalresourcessaving.B)Jointeffortstoimprovethelocalcommunity.C)AudienceparticipationinTheMorningShow.D)Homeownershipandenvironmentalprotection.13.A)Notarealisticsizeforfamilies.B)NotwelcomedbymostAmericans.C)Onlyfitforfamiliesoffourorless.D)Onlysuitableforrentingtothepoor.14.A)Itshouldbechanged.B)Itisn'teasytorealize.C)Itwillcometruesoonerorlater.D)Itdoesn'tappealtoaveragefamilies.15.A)Theyhelptolowerhousingprices.B)Theyhelptosaveupforlargerhouses.C)Theyareagoodchoiceformanypeople.D)Theyarevitaltoreducingwasteworldwide.SectionC.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Playoutdoorsandenjoythemselves.B)Beatchallengesandtakerisks.C)Takecareoftheirwell-being.D)Growupstrongandhealthy.17.A)Enablethemtodeveloptheirmotorskills.B)Helpthemtoconcealtheirfrustration.C)Reducetheirstressanddepression.D)Preventthemfromfeelinglonely.18.A)Itbeginsearly.B)Itprovesdemanding.C)Itcallsforlifelongefforts.D)Itliesinnatureexperiences.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Whencompaniessharetheirinformationonline.B)Whentheirjobsearchcriteriaaremetfully.C)Whencompaniesembracegreaterdiversity.D)Whentheyfindjobpostingsvisuallyattractive.20.A)Emailsinthenormalformat.B)Majorcompaniesinonelocation.C)Allcompaniesinthesamesector.D)Variousaspectsofacompany'sworkforce.21.A)Jobsecurity.B)Potentialpayraises.C)Minimumbasesalary.D)Informationaboutdiversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Positive.B)Original.C)Important.D)Surprising.23.A)Dogsmatchtheirbehaviorwithkidsasmuchaswithadults.B)Kidsandadultsalikefindindogsasourceofattachment.C)Kids'attitudetodogsisinfluencedbyadults.D)Dogscanhelpkidsinmanyways.24.A)Dogspaymuchattentiontothekidstheylivewith.B)Dogsviewbothadultsandkidsassocialcompanions.C)Kidsdifferfromadultsintheirbehaviortowardsdogs.D)Kidsneedtobeawareoftherisksinplayingwithdogs.25.A)Understandingdogs.B)Trainingdogs.C)Takingcareofdogs.D)Associatingwithdogs.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes).SectionA.Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.WhenToniMorrisondiedin2019,theworldlostoneofitsmostinfluentialauthors.ButMorrisonwasnotanearlysuccess.Herfirstnovelwasnotpublisheduntilshewas39,andherlastappearedwhenshewas84.AndMorrisonwasnot__26__inthisregard.Numerouswritersproducemasterpieceswellintotheir70sandbeyond.Such__27__accomplishmentshighlightanimportantpoint.Ourcapacitytospeak,writeandlearnnewvocabularydoesnotseemto__28__withage.Oureyesightmaydimandourrecallmayweaken,but,bycomparison,ourabilitytoproduceandto__29__languageiswellpreservedintoolderadulthood.Indeed,thelatestresearchthathasemergedonlanguageandagingshowsthatlanguagemasteryisa__30__thatwebeginasinfantsandcontinueonfortherestofourlives.Someaspectsofourlanguageabilities,suchasourknowledgeofwordmeanings,__31__improveduringmiddleandlateadulthood.Onestudy,forexample,foundthatadultsoversixtyhadanaveragevocabularysizeofover21,000words.Theresearchersalsostudieda__32__ofcollegestudentsandfoundthattheiraveragevocabularycontained__33__16,000words.Inanotherstudy,olderadults,withanaverageageof75,__34__betterthanparticipantsintheiryouthormiddleyearsontasksthatrequiredthemtodeterminethemeaningofwords.Thus,languageseemstobeaskillthat,contrarytowhatmanymight__35__,doesnotweakenwithage.A)actually.B)approximately.C)assume.D)component.E)comprehend.F)deteriorate.G)equivalent.H)journey.I)literary.J)performed.K)rarely.L)sample.M)undermined.N)unique.O)unit.SectionB.Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievement.A)Fewtopicshavebeensoendlesslyanalysedaswork-lifebalance.Thequesttoattainthismysteriousstatehasdominateddiscussionaroundcareersforyears-especiallyforworkingparents.Theconceptisoftenpresentedassomethingtoachieve,oragoaltoreach.Andonceyou'vereachedit,congratulations:you'vemadeit;you'reasuccessfulhumanbeingofthe21stcentury.B)Buttheproblemisthatweoftentellourselves:"I'mgoingtoputineighthours'worthofwork,andthenI'mgoingtoputineighthours'worthof'metime',whichwillincludemyfamily,myhobbies,myworkout,myeverything,"saysAnatLechner,clinicalassociateprofessorofmanagementatNewYorkUniversity."Idon'tthinkit'ssuchasimpleformula".C)And,accordingtonewfindings,itmaynotbe.Someresearchersarenowencouragingustostopthinkingaboutwork-lifebalanceasanachievementthatyoueitherhitordon't.Instead,theysuggestitmaybemoreofalifelongprocess-acontinuous,never-endingexercisethatrequiresself-awarenessandtimelyadjustments.ResearchersIoanaLupuandMayraRuiz-Castroarguethatwork-lifebalanceis"acycle,notanachievement".Intheir2020study,theresearchersinterviewednearly80employeesattwoLondon-basedfirms-anequalnumberofmenandwomenbetweentheagesof30and50,allwithatleastonedependentchild-whoworkedinmiddleorseniormanagementroles.D)Althoughitsoundsliketherespondentshadalotincommon,here'swhatseparatedthem:about30%ofthemenand50%ofthewomenreportedresistingworkinglonghours.Theotherrespondents,meanwhile,allworkedlonghoursbecausetheythoughtthat'swhatsuccessfulprofessionalsshoulddo.E)LupuandRuiz-Castrolookedatthosewhorejectedthelonghoursandtheyfoundthatthoseworkersactuallyhadstrikinglysimilarstrategiesformaintainingtheirwork-lifebalance.Theyhadatendencytoreflectandquestionassumptionsinthenameofself-awarenessandregularlytookstepstoadjustthethingsstandingintheirwaytowork-lifebalance.F)LupuandRuiz-Castroidentifiedfivestepsthattherespondentsinthestudywhohadbetterwork-lifebalanceusedintheirjobs.First,theypausedandreconsideredbeliefssuchas"I'maprofessional,soIshouldwork,work,work",andaskedthemselvesquestionslike,"What'scurrentlycausingmestress?"Second,afteridentifyingthecause,theyzeroedinontheirresultantemotions.Didtheyfeelangry,sad,energised?Third,theyreprioritised,asking"Isworkinglonghoursreallyworthcuttingbackonfamilytime?",forexample.Fourth,theyconsideredtheiralternatives:isthereanythingatworkthatcouldbechangedtoaccommodatethesenewpriorities?Andfinally,theyimplementedchanges,likeaskingtheirsupervisorforgreaterflexibility,ordecidingnottotakeoneveryprojectthatcomestheirway.G)Thisfive-stepprocessissomethinganyonecanadopt.Goingthroughthesteps,andconstantlycheckinginwithyourself,canhelpyoushiftandadaptyourprofessionallifetosomethingthatwillbetterharmonisewithyourpersonalone."Awarenessofyouremotionalstateisessentialinordertodeterminethechangesyouwanttomakeinyourworkandinyourlife,"saysLupu.H)NewYorkUniversity'sLechneragreesthatfindingthatbalanceisanongoingpursuit.It'snotsimplyaboutdividingupthehoursinyourdaybetweenwork,thegym,kidsandchores.Iftheunderlyingemotionalsourcesofstressarestillthere,thenthetimeyouactuallyspendathomemaynotbeenjoyable."Wecomehomeandeventhoughphysicallywearethere,mentallywestillmaybeprocessingthingsthathappenedatwork.We'renotpresent,"shesays.Whatwecall"work-lifebalance"isactuallyjustasubstitutetohavingasenseoffulfillmentandcontentment.I)Ofcourse,findingthatbalanceprobablyshouldn'tbesomethingyouhavetodobyyourself.ResearchbyErinKelly,professorofworkandorganisationstudiesatMIT,showscompaniesandmanagerscanplayakeyroleincreatingabetterenvironmentforworkers.ForherbookOverload:HowGoodJobsWentBadandWhattoDoaboutIt,sheandco-authorPhyllisMoensplitmorethan1,000employeesataFortune500companyintotwogroups,onethatworkedunderamanagementredesignandonethatcontinuedworkingwithintheexistingmanagementstructure.J)Underthemanagementredesign,manystepsweretakentoensurebetterwork-lifebalanceandpreventburnout(精疲力竭).Managerswereregularlyremindedtoexplicitlysupporttheiremployees.Workerswereallowedtomakechanges,likecancelling9ammeetings.Allofthiswasdoneinthenameofincreasingjobsatisfactionandgivingworkersgreaterflexibility,andtoassureworkersthatitwassomethingmanagementwascommittedto.Unsurprisingly,KellyandMoenfoundthatemployeesintheredesigngroupreportedlessstressandlessburnout.Theywerelesslikelytoquittheirjobs;indeed,overthenextfouryears,theywere40%lesslikelytoquitthanthosewhokeptworkingundertheoldpolicies.K)"Work-lifebalanceisunderstoodtobeanindividual'sresponse,sopeoplethinkit'suptometomanagethecrazinessofmywork,"saysKelly.Butorganisationsneedtoexaminethedemandsthey'replacingonemployees."Therootproblemisnothowthetwopiecesofworkandlifecometogether.It'sthatwehaveunrealisticexpectationsofwhatwe'reaskedtodoontheworkside."Ifyourworkplaceisn'tanenvironmentwherework-lifebalanceispossibleinthefirstplace,anyeffortyouattempttomaketowarditonapersonallevelwillbeinvain.L)That'saconversationthatappearstobegatheringpace.Thenewprevalenceofremoteandflexibleworkingmodelswilllikelyallplayimportantrolesinhowwebalanceourprofessionalandpersonallives.Andifitseemslikefindingthatperfectbalanceremainsdifficulttoachieve,theexpertssaythatkeepingsomeperspectivecanhelp.Formillionsofpeople,workisaboutbeingabletoputfoodonthetable.Talkingaboutwork-lifebalance"isaveryprivilegedconversation",saysLechner."Ifwe'rereflecting,maybeweshouldalsoreflectonthat".36.Accordingtoamanagementexpert,work-lifebalanceisnotassimpleasgivingequalamountsoftimetoworkandpersonallife.37.Researchfoundthatthosewhoaregivengreaterflexibilityatworkarelessstressedandmorelikelytostayintheirjobs.38.Workerswhorejectedworkinglonghourstendedtomakeregularadjustmentsinordertoachievework-lifebalance.39.Talkingaboutwork-lifebalanceissaidtobeaprivilegereservedforthebetter-off,notforthosewhobarelymakealiving.40.Knowingone'semotionalstateisofutmostimportanceindecidingwhatchangestomakeforabetterwork-lifebalance.41.Morefemaleprofessionalsreportedbeingreluctanttoworkovertimethantheirmalecounterparts.42.Withoutorganisationalsupport,anypersonalefforttomaintainwork-lifebalancewillbeunsuccessful.43.Thequestionofhowtoachievework-lifebalancehaslongbeenthemainsubjectofdiscussionamongworkers.44.Youmaynotactuallyexperienceemotionalwell-beingathomeifyouremainoccupiedwithwhathappenedatwork.45.Someresearcherssuggestthatwork-lifebalanceisnotagoaltoachieve,butaprocessforlifetobeadjustedpromptly.SectionC.Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theweakeningofthehumanconnectiontonaturemightbegoodforeconomicgrowthbutisbadforpeople.Atippingpointwasreachedin2020whenhuman-madematerials-suchassteel,concreteandplastic-werefoundtoweighmorethanalllifeonEarth.Continuingtogrowconcreteforestsratherthanrealonesisshortsighted.SimplybeinginthenearestwoodhassuchhealthbenefitsthattheWoodlandTrustsuccessfullylobbiedforittobeprescribedbydoctors.Yetslippingfrompopularcultureisthewonderandbeautyofthenaturalworld.Foreverythreenature-relatedwordsinhitsongsofthe1950s,researchersfound,therewasonlyslightlymorethanone50yearslater.Itisnotamomenttoosoonthatteenagerswillbeabletotakeanaturalhistorytest,giventhatfordecadeschildrenhavebeenabletonamemorevideogamecharactersthanwildlifespecies.Partofremedyingthissocialdiseasewouldbeforparliamenttopassa"righttogrow"law,allowinganyonetoturnunderusedpublicspacesintovegetableandfruitgardens.Theideaisforpeopletogetbackintouchwiththesoil-whileproducingfoodsustainably.Vegetableplantinghasarespectabletradition.InApril1649,localsrespondedtohighpricesandfoodshortagesbycultivatingvegetablesoncommonlandinSouthernEngland.Thepracticeofthrowingseedbombstoturnvacantplotsoflandgreentookoffin1970sNewYork,andhasbeenrevived(使復(fù)活)bygreen-thumbed(有園藝才能的)socialmediainfluencerswhodefylocalUSregulationsinawaronuglyspotsincities.Apartfromtheurgenttaskofprovidingmorehealthynutrientstothosewhoincreasinglycan'taffordthem,publiclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensconnectwhatweeattowhereitcomesfrom-themeansofproduction,ifyouwill.Theycanmakeunlovelyspaceslovely,andmarryuseandbeautyaswellashelppromoteasenseofcommunity.Plantsarealso,ofcourse,ourfirstdefenceagainstspecieslossandclimatechange.Suchplantingisasmallstepforhumanity-intherightdirection.46.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoemphasiseinthefirstparagraph?A)Theyear2020wasabigturningpointinhumanhistory.B)Economicgrowthbenefitspeoplelittleinthelongrun.C)Itisunwisetoweakenthehumanconnectiontonature.D)Itisharmfultomankindtousehuman-madematerials.47.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpopularculture?A)Itisincreasinglydetachedfromthenaturalworld.B)Itisfilledwithallkindsofvideogamecharacters.C)Itisespeciallyappealingtothetasteofteenagers.D)Itisstillimpactedbythehitsongsofthe1950s.48.Whatdoestheauthorproposepeopledo?A)Takemeasurestoensuresustainablefooddevelopment.B)Reconnectwithnaturethroughtherighttogrow.C)Standbytheparliamentinfightingsocialdiseases.D)Coverpublicspaceswithfruittreesandvegetableplants.49.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutvegetableplanting?A)Itallstartedin1649inSouthernEngland.B)ItisprotectedbyUSgovernmentregulations.C)Ithaslongbeenusedtoincreasefoodsupplyandimproveurbanlandscape.D)Ithasbeenpopularisedworldwidewiththeincreasinginfluenceofsocialmedia.50.Whatcanpubliclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensdoapartfromtheirpracticalfunctions?A)Raisepeople'senvironmentalawareness.B)Addtothegreatvarietyofplantspecies.C)Actasthefirstdefenceagainstnaturaldisasters.D)Enhancepeople'scommunityspirit.PassageTwo.Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EngineeringintheU.S.haslongbeenamale-dominatedprofession.Fiftyyearsago,itlookedlikethatmightchange.In1970,thepercentageofwomenmajoringinengineeringwaslessthan1%.In1979,thatnumberwas9%.Manyhopedwomenwouldcontinuetoenterthefieldatthesamerate.Butthat'snotwhathappened.Today,only21%ofengineeringmajorsarewomen,anumberlargelyunchangedsince2000.Iamahistorianwho,alongwithmycolleagues,surveyed251womenengineerswhograduatedfromcollegeinthe1970s.Thesepioneersreflectedonthechallengestheyfaced-andhadadviceforwomenenteringthefieldtoday.Onesurveytakerexplained,"Thegreatestchallengeformewascontinuingtobelieveinmyself,whenallthemessagesIwasgettingwerethatIwouldneverbetakenseriouslyorpromotedorgivenraisesatthesamerateasmen,whowereclearlylessqualifiedandnotassmartasIwas".Achemicalengineerwhoworkedinmanufacturingagreed,"Youhavetoproveyourselfjustbecauseyouarefemale.Andyouhavetoworktwiceashard"!Acivilengineersaid,"Weare'womenengineers.'Peopledon'trefertoamanasa'manengineer'-he'sanengineer.Weareconstantlyremindedthatwedon'ttrulybelong."Anothercivilengineerstated,"Onmanylevels,you'reneverquiteoneofthegroups".Womenalsotalkedaboutfamilycaregivingresponsibilities.Aretiredvicepresidentfromamajorchemicalcompanystated,"Youngwomenengineersareonanequalfootinguntiltheyhavechildren,thentheystruggletobalanceworkandfamilyandcompetewithmenwhodon'thavethesamehouseholdresponsibilities".Butovertheyearsthingshavechangedalot.Youngwomenengineersaremoreacceptedmostlybecausetherearejustmoreofthem.Manywomenengineershailedthebenefitsoftheirchosencareer.Aprogrammanagerinmanufacturingstatedthatengineeringisthebestdegree.Amechanicalengineersaid,"Itwillgiveyoutheflexibilitytodoalmostanything.Itisalsosatisfyingtoseetheeffectsofwhatyouhavedone".51.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheengineeringprofessionintheUnitedStates?A)Ithasseenachangeinattitudetowardswomenengineerssince1979.B)Itwitnessedasignificantincreaseinwomenengineersinthe1970s.C)Ithasexperiencedthegradualweakeningofmaledominance.D)Itboastedthelargestnumberofengineeringmajorsin2000.52.Whatdoesonesurveytakersaywashergreatestchallenge?A)Nottofeelsuperiortolessqualifiedmaleengineers.B)Nottotakeseriouslyallthemessagesshewasgetting.C)Nottothinkhighlyofherqualificationswhenpromotedorgivenapayraise.D)Nottoloseself-confidencethoughconstantlydiscouragedorunfairlytreated.53.Howdowomenengineersfrequentlyfeelaccordingtothetwocivilengineers?A)Disqualifiedonmanylevels.B)Excludedfromthegroup.C)Overworkedbytheirorganizations.D)Lookeddownuponbymalecolleagues.54.Whatprobablymakesyoungwomenengineersmoreacceptednowadays?A)Theirsuccessingaininganequalfooting.B)Theirabilitytobalanceworkandfamily.C)Thechangeintheirresponsibilities.D)Theincreaseintheirnumber.55.