職稱英語考試理工類(C級)試題及答案第一部分詞匯選項（第1—15題，每題1分，共15分）下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選出1個與劃線部分意義最接近的答案，將其字母標號填入題前括號內(nèi)。1.Thenewalloycanwithstandtemperaturesupto1200℃withoutappreciabledeformation.A.noticeable?B.acceptable?C.reversible?D.negligible2.Thesatellite’sorbitdecayedgraduallybecauseofatmosphericdrag.A.declined?B.enlarged?C.stabilized?D.tilted3.Thetechniciandilutedtheacidbeforepouringitintothetank.A.cooled?B.weakened?C.filtered?D.stirred4.Thesoftwarepatchrectifiedthememory-leakbugwithintwohours.A.exposed?B.reproduced?C.fixed?D.located5.TheprobetransmittedpanoramicimagesoftheMartiansurface.A.stored?B.compressed?C.relayed?D.deleted6.ThecoefficientoffrictionforTeflonisremarkablylow.A.slightly?B.consistently?C.exceptionally?D.periodically7.Thereactorwasshutdownafterananomalousspikeinneutronflux.A.predicted?B.abnormal?C.allowable?D.transient8.Theengineerusedacalipertoverifythediameterofthepiston.A.measure?B.reduce?C.lubricate?D.align9.Thegraphitemoderatorslowsdownfastneutronseffectively.A.accelerates?B.deflects?C.decelerates?D.absorbs10.Theinsulationmaterialisimpervioustomoisture.A.vulnerable?B.resistant?C.transparent?D.indifferent11.Thelaserbeamwasfocusedontoaminutespotlessthan10μmacross.A.bright?B.tiny?C.circular?D.moving12.Theexperimentwasdesignedtocorroboratethetheoreticalprediction.A.confirm?B.revise?C.challenge?D.simplify13.Theturbinebladesarecoatedwithaceramiclayertoprolongtheirlife.A.shorten?B.extend?C.record?D.balance14.Thesignal-to-noiseratiowasoptimizedbyfilteringoutthe50Hzcomponent.A.minimized?B.improved?C.ignored?D.masked15.Thedatabaseschemawasmodifiedtoaccommodatethenewfield.A.deleted?B.adjusted?C.compressed?D.duplicated第二部分閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，選擇B；如果該句的信息在短文中沒有提及，選擇C。??Carbon-fiber-reinforcedpolymer(CFRP)hasbecomethematerialofchoiceformodernaircraftprimarystructures.Comparedwithconventionalaluminumalloys,CFRPoffersa20%reductioninweightforthesamestiffness.TheBoeing787Dreamliner,forinstance,comprises50%compositematerialsbyweight,cuttingfuelconsumptionbyapproximately5%.??Themanufacturingprocessinvolveslayingpre-impregnatedcarbon-fibertapesontoamold,followedbyautoclavecuringat180°Cand6barforeighthours.Recentout-of-autoclaveprepregsystemspromisetoreduceenergyconsumptionby30%,yettheircompression-after-impactstrengthstilllagsbehindautoclave-curedlaminatesby10–15%.??Recyclingend-of-lifeCFRPremainsproblematic.Mechanicalgrindingproducesshortfiberswithdrasticallyreducedmechanicalproperties,whilepyrolysisrequirestemperaturesabove500°Candyieldsfiberswhosesurfacefunctionalityisdegraded.ResearchersattheUniversityofNottinghamhavedevelopedasolvolysisrouteusingpropylenecarbonatethatrecovers90%ofthefibertensilestrength,buttheprocessoperatesat350°Cunder15MPapressure,raisingscalabilityconcerns.??Non-destructiveinspection(NDI)ofCFRPispredominantlyperformedwithphased-arrayultrasonics.A64-elementprobecandetect6mmdelaminationsin32-plylaminateswith95%probabilityofdetection(POD).Thermographyisfasterbutlimitedtonear-surfacedefects,typicallywithinthefirsteightplies.16.TheBoeing787usesmorealuminumthancompositematerialsbyweight.17.Out-of-autoclaveprepregsystemsconsumelessenergythantraditionalautoclavecuring.18.PyrolysisrecyclingofCFRPcompletelypreservesthesurfacefunctionalityofrecoveredfibers.19.Solvolysiscanrecoveratleast85%oftheoriginalfibertensilestrength.20.Phased-arrayultrasonicscandetectdelaminationsdeeperthanthermography.21.The787’scompositestructuresreducefuelburnbyroughly10%.22.MechanicalgrindingisthemostefficientmethodforrecyclingCFRPaccordingtothepassage.第三部分概括大意與完成句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有4個概括句和4個不完整句子，請分別完成之。??Additivemanufacturing(AM)ofmetals,commonlyknownas3Dprinting,hastransitionedfromprototypingtoflight-certifiedcomponents.Selectivelasermelting(SLM)producescomplexgeometriesimpossibletomachine,suchaslatticedheatexchangerswhosesurface-to-volumeratioexceeds1500m2/m3.However,thelayer-by-layerprocessbuildsresidualstressesupto80%ofyieldstrength,causingdistortion.??Post-buildheattreatmentat920°Cfortwohoursreducesresidualstressby70%,yetcoarsensthegrainstructure,slightlydecreasingfatiguestrength.Hotisostaticpressing(HIP)at1200barand1100°Cclosesinternalporositybelow0.01%,improvinghigh-cyclefatiguelifebyanorderofmagnitude.??QualityassurancereliesonX-raycomputedtomography(XCT).A3μmvoxelsizeenablesdetectionof5μmpores;however,scantimescaleswiththefifthpowerofresolution,limitingthroughput.Machine-learningalgorithmstrainedon2000annotatedvolumesnowpredictporelocationfromlow-resolutionscoutscans,cuttinginspectiontimeby85%.??TitaniumalloysdominateaerospaceAMbecauseoftheirhighstrength-to-weightratio.Ti-6Al-4Vpartsbuiltverticallyexhibit10%lowerelongationthanthosebuilthorizontallyduetocolumnarprior-βgrains.Rotatingthebuildvector45°every10mmproducesequiaxedgrains,restoringductilitytowroughtlevels.23.Selectivelasermeltingenables__________geometries.24.ResidualstressesinSLMpartscanreach__________ofyieldstrength.25.HIPreducesinternalporositytobelow__________.26.XCTwith3μmvoxelscandetectporesassmallas__________.27.Post-buildheattreatmentlowersresidualstressby__________butcoarsensgrains.28.Machine-learningpredictionreducesXCTinspectiontimeby__________.29.Ti-6Al-4Vpartsbuiltverticallyshow__________lowerelongation.30.Rotatingthebuildvectorevery10mmproduces__________grains.第四部分閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）閱讀下面三篇短文，每篇短文后有5個問題，請從每個問題所給的4個選項中選出最佳答案。（一）??Quantum-dotlight-emittingdiodes(QLEDs)employnanocrystals2–10nmindiameterwhoseemissionwavelengthisgovernedbyquantumconfinement.RedCdSe/CdSdotsemitat630nmwithfull-widthathalf-maximum(FWHM)of25nm,yielding110%Rec.2020colorgamutcoverage.EliminatingheavymetalshasdrivenresearchtowardInP-baseddots;however,theirFWHMremainsabove38nmbecauseofhigherbulkexcitonBohrradius.??Externalquantumefficiency(EQE)ofstate-of-the-artredInPQLEDsreached21.4%in2023,stilltrailingCdSerecordsof30.9%.TheefficiencygapstemsprimarilyfrominterfacialtrapstatesbetweentheInPcoreandZnSeSshell.Agradedalloyinterlayerreducestrapdensityto2×1011cm?2,boostingEQEto25.1%.Lifetimemeasurementsunder1000cdm?2showT??=1800h,doublingpreviousInPdevicesbutlaggingbehind5000hforCdSe.??Ink-jetprintingofRGBpixelsfacesthecoffee-ringeffect:solventevaporationattheedgecarriesdotsoutward,producingthicknessvariation>30%.Adding5wt%diethyleneglycolraisesviscosityto12cP,suppressingMarangoniflowandreducingthicknessnon-uniformityto5%.A120pLdropletproduces35μmpixelssuitablefor215ppidisplays.31.TheemissionwavelengthofCdSe/CdSquantumdotsisdeterminedbyA.shellthickness?B.nanocrystalsize?C.ligandchainlength?D.substratetemperature32.ComparedwithCdSedots,InPdotsexhibitA.narrowerFWHM?B.lowerEQE?C.longerT??lifetime?D.redderemission33.GradedalloyinterlayersprimarilyreduceA.latticemismatch?B.trap-statedensity?C.Bohrradius?D.solventviscosity34.DiethyleneglycolisaddedtoinktoA.lowersurfacetension?B.increaseboilingpoint?C.suppresscoffee-ring?D.enhancedotluminescence35.A120pLdropletcanproducepixelsofA.25μm?B.30μm?C.35μm?D.40μm（二）??Offshorewindturbinesaretrendingtoward15MWratedpowerwith240mrotordiameter.Thetipspeedmustbecappedat90ms?1tolimitnoise,imposingamaximumrotationalspeedof7.2rpm.Atthisspeed,the65mbladetipexperiences50millionfatiguecyclesovera25-yearlife.??Glass-fiber/epoxycompositesdominatebladeshells,yetcarbonfiberisintroducedinthesparcaptoreduceweight.A45tbladeusing30%carbonfibersaves3.5tcomparedwithall-glassconstruction.Thetrade-offiscost:carbonfiberpricedat15USDkg?1adds200000USDperblade.??Lightningstrikescause25%ofbladefailures.Ametallicreceptoratthetipchannelsthe30kAcurrentviadownconductors.Recentexperimentswith3D-printedgraphene-enhancedreceptorsloweredsurfaceresistivityto10??Ωm,reducingthermaldamageby40%.36.The240mrotorrotatesat7.2rpmwhenthetipspeedisA.80ms?1?B.85ms?1?C.90ms?1?D.95ms?137.Over25years,thebladetipundergoesroughlyA.40million?B.45million?C.50million?D.55millioncycles38.Introducing30%carbonfibersavesA.2.0t?B.2.5t?C.3.0t?D.3.5tperblade39.ThecostincreaseforcarbonfiberinonebladeisaboutA.150000USD?B.180000USD?C.200000USD?D.220000USD40.Graphene-enhancedreceptorsreducethermaldamagebyA.30%?B.35%?C.40%?D.45%（三）??Solid-statelithium-metalbatteriespromiseenergydensitiesabove400Whkg?1,doublingcurrentLi-ionpacks.Thekeyisasulfideelectrolyte,Li?PS?Cl,whoseconductivityreaches10mScm?1atroomtemperature,comparabletoliquidelectrolytes.YettheelectrolytereactswithlithiummetaltoformLi?SandLiCl,raisinginterfacialresistanceto500Ωcm2within100cycles.??A5nmaluminumoxidecoatingdepositedbyatomiclayerdeposition(ALD)actsasanartificialsolid-electrolyteinterphase(SEI),suppressingparasiticreactionsandholdinginterfacialresistancebelow50Ωcm2after500cycles.Thecoatingmustbepinhole-free;a0.1%defectdensitytriggerslocaldendritegrowththatpenetratesthe80μmelectrolytepelletin20cycles.??Stackpressureof7MPaisrequiredtomaintainintimatecontactduringvolumechanges.Aspring-steelfixtureinsidethepouchcellprovidesthispressurewhileaddingonly2%topackweight.Cyclingat1C,thecellretains80%capacityafter1000cycles,correspondingtoa500000kmelectric-vehiclelife.41.Li?PS?Clconductivityat25°CisapproximatelyA.1mScm?1?B.5mScm?1?C.10mScm?1?D.15mScm?142.WithoutAl?O?coating,interfacialresistancereachesA.50Ωcm2?B.150Ωcm2?C.300Ωcm2?D.500Ωcm243.Adefectdensityof0.1%allowsdendritestopenetratetheelectrolyteinA.10?B.15?C.20?D.25cycles44.Thespring-steelfixtureincreasespackweightbyA.1%?B.2%?C.3%?D.4%45.Thebatteryretains80%capacityafterA.500?B.800?C.1000?D.1200cycles第五部分補全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，短文中有5處空白，請從短文后所給的7個選項中選出5個最佳答案，將其字母標號填入空白處，使短文前后連貫。??TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)operatesat50K,necessitatingafive-layersunshieldthesizeofatenniscourt.Eachlayeriscoatedwith100nmofaluminumand50nmofdopedsilicon.___46___Thelayersareseparatedby25cmgaps,preventingconductiveheattransfer.___47___Kapton?membranes25μmthickwithstandlaunchloadsyetaddonly0.8gdm?2.??Deploymentrelieson90motorizedactuatorsand144releasepins.___48___Asinglepinfailurewouldleavetheshieldunzipped,overheatingtheoptics.Redundantcircuitsfiretwopinsinparallel,reducingfailureprobabilityto10??.??Post-deployment,thesunshieldreducessolarirradiancefrom1300Wm?2to0.02Wm?2,___49___enablingtheMid-InfraredInstrument(MIRI)todetect7μmradiationfromthefirstgalaxies.___50___A.Thisattenuationcorrespondstoacoolingpowerof0.3mW.B.Thesiliconlayeremits90%ofabsorbedheatasinfraredradiation.C.Thermalgradientsacrossthelayersarelessthan0.1K.D.Engineersconducted3000deploymenttestsinvacuumchambers.E.Thealuminumsidereflects95%ofincidentsunlight.F.Withoutthisshield,thetelescopewouldwarmto330Kwithinhours.G.Pinpullforceismonitoredbystraingaugeswith0.01Nresolution.第六部分完形填空（第51—65題，每題1分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，文中有15個空白，請從每個空白后所給的4個選項中選出最佳答案。??Perovskitesolarcells(PSCs)have___51___power-conversionefficienciesfrom3.8%in2009to26.1%in2023,rivalingsilicon.Theactivelayeristypicallyamethylammoniumleadiodide(MAPbI?)film500nmthick,___52___byspincoatingfollowedbyantisolventquenching.??Thechief___53___isstability:moisturetriggershydrationformingmonohydrateanddihydratephasesthat___54___theperovskitecrystal.Encapsulationwith50nmofALDAl?O?lowerswater-vaportransmissionrateto5×10??gm?2day?1,___55___lifetimeto2000hindamp-heattests.??Thermalstabilityisequallycritical.At85°C,MA?cationsvolatilize,creatingPbI?voids.Substitutingformamidinium(FA?)raisesthetolerancefactorclosertounity,___56___thecubicphaseupto150°C.Adding5%Cs?andRb?furthersuppressesphaseimpurities,___57___thebandgapto1.53eV.??Interfaceengineeringreducesnon-radiativerecombination.Aself-assembledmonolayerof[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonicacid(Me-4PACz)___58___surfacetraps,boostingopen-circuitvoltage(Voc)from1.12Vto1.24V.??Scalabledepositionmovesfromspincoatingtoslot-diecoating.A30cmwideroll-to-rolllineoperatesat1mmin?1,___59___100nmfilmswith3%thicknessnon-uniformity.In-linelaserscribingpatterns0.8mmcells,enabling18%moduleefficiencyon30cm×30cm___60___.??Long-termoutdoortestsinSaudiArabiashowed4%degradationafteroneyear,___61___by1000hUV-filteredlightsoaking.Economicanalys