凈化崗位實(shí)踐Purificationpostpractice課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide林忠

Lin

Zhong

主講教師

Lecturer凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide核心任務(wù)thecoretasks操作要點(diǎn)keyoperationpoints安全規(guī)范safetyspecifications課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide核心使命：

Coremissions:?精準(zhǔn)控制三段凈化

?Precisecontrolofthree-stagepurification?保障電解液雜質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)

?Ensurethatelectrolyteimpuritiesmeetstandards課程導(dǎo)入

Courseguide安全紅線：

Safetybottomline:?

防砷化氫中毒（強(qiáng)制負(fù)壓通風(fēng)）

?Preventionofarsenidepoisoning(forcednegativepressure

ventilation)?防高溫燙傷、機(jī)械傷害

?Preventionofhightemperaturescaldandmechanicalinjury如降低電流效率，增加電能消耗，影響析出鋅質(zhì)量，腐蝕陰陽(yáng)極板，造成剝鋅困難，結(jié)晶阻塞管道、溜槽，影響流量等。Suchasreducingcurrentefficiency,increasingpowerconsumption,affectingthequalityofprecipitatedzinc,corrodingcathodeandanodeplates,causingdifficultyinzincstripping,pipesandchutesblockedbycrystallization,andaffectingflowrate.鋅精礦經(jīng)過(guò)浸出所產(chǎn)出的中上清液含有許多雜質(zhì)，包括銅、鎘、鈷、鎳、砷、銻、鐵、氟、氯、硅、鈣、鎂等。這些雜質(zhì)在鋅電解沉積過(guò)程中是極為有害的。Theintermediatesupernatefromzincconcentrateleachingcontainsmanyimpurities,includingcopper,cadmium,cobalt,nickel,arsenic,antimony,iron,fluorine,chlorine,silicon,calciumandmagnesium.Theseimpuritiesareextremelyharmfulduringzincelectrolyticdeposition.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice凈化的意義及要求

Significanceandrequirementsofpurification因此，在電解前必須對(duì)溶液進(jìn)行凈化，把有害雜質(zhì)除至允許含量。

Therefore,thesolutionmustbepurifiedbeforeelectrolysistoremoveharmfulimpuritiestotheallowablecontent.硫酸鋅溶液中的雜質(zhì)，根據(jù)其性質(zhì)可以分為三類：Impuritiesinzincsulfatesolutioncanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheirproperties:凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice溶液凈化的基本原理

Basicprinciplesofsolutionpurification第一類：鐵、砷、銻、鍺、鋁、硅酸；Firstcategory:iron,arsenic,antimony,germanium,aluminumandsilicicacid;第二類：銅、鎘、鈷、鎳；Secondcategory:copper,cadmium,cobaltandnickel;第三類：氟、氯、鈣、鎂。Thirdcategory:fluorine,chlorine,calciumandmagnesium.第一類雜質(zhì)，在中性浸出過(guò)程中，控制好礦漿的pH值即可大部分除去。ThefirstcategoryofimpuritiescanbemostlyremovedbycontrollingthepHvalueoftheslurryduringtheneutralleachingprocess.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice雜質(zhì)去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：Fe、As、Sb、Ge、Al、H2SiO3。

Forexample:Fe,As,Sb,Ge,Al,H2SiO3.第二類雜質(zhì)，通常采用鋅粉置換法除去，或者添加特殊試劑置換法除去。Thesecondcategoryofimpuritiesisusuallyremovedbythezincdustprecipitationmethodorbyaddingspecialreagentreplacementmethod.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice雜質(zhì)去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：Cu、Cd、Co、Ni。

Forexample:Cu,Cd,CoandNi.第三類雜質(zhì)通過(guò)化學(xué)沉淀法去除，沉淀劑選擇與用量控制至關(guān)重要。Thethirdcategoryofimpuritiesisremovedbythechemicalprecipitationmethod,andtheselectionanddosagecontrolofprecipitantareveryimportant.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice雜質(zhì)去除方法

Impurityremovalmethods例如：F、Cl、Ca、Mg。

Forexample:F,Cl,CaandMg.溫度控制

Temperaturecontarol

一段凈化溫度需控制在80-90℃，除Co需高溫，溫度精準(zhǔn)把控影響凈化效果。Thefirst-stagepurificationtemperatureneedstobecontrolledat80-90°C,exceptforCowhichrequireshightemperature.Precisetemperaturecontrolaffectsthepurificationeffect.pH控制

pHcontrol

活化劑使用

Activatoruse

活化劑Sb2O3、CuSO4可降低Co析出超電壓，活化劑添加量與時(shí)機(jī)需精準(zhǔn)把控。TheactivatorsSb?O?andCuSO?canreduceCoandprecipitatetheovervoltage,andtheamountandtimingofactivatoradditionneedtobeaccuratelycontrolled.全程pH控制在4.5-5.4，分段標(biāo)注，pH值穩(wěn)定是凈化反應(yīng)順利進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)。ThepHshallbecontrolledat4.5-5.4inthewholeprocessandmarkedinsections,andthestablepHvalueisthebasisforthesmoothprogressofthepurificationreaction.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)

Criticalcontrolpoints

條件控制

Conditioncontrol一段凈化條件為80-90℃、60-90min、pH4.5-5.2，嚴(yán)格按條件操作確保雜質(zhì)去除。Thefirst-stagepurificationconditionsinclude80-90℃,60-90min,andpHof4.5-5.2,andoperationisrequiredinstrictaccordancewiththeconditionstoensureimpurityremoval.操作步驟

Operationsteps加鋅粉與三氧化二銻活化劑，操作順序與用量需準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，保障凈化效果。Whenaddingzincpowderandantimonytrioxideactivator,theoperationsequenceanddosagemustbeaccuratetoensurethepurificationeffect.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice一段凈化

First-stagepurification

補(bǔ)加鋅粉，注意無(wú)氧環(huán)境防Cd復(fù)溶，操作細(xì)節(jié)決定凈化成敗。Thezincpowdershallbereplenished,andattentionshallbepaidtotheoxygen-freeenvironmenttopreventCdredissolving.Operationdetailsdeterminethesuccessorfailureofpurification.二段凈化條件為80-85℃、pH5.0-5.2，條件精準(zhǔn)把控深度去除Cu、Cd雜質(zhì)。Thesecond-stagepurificationconditionsinclude80-85°C,andpHof5.0-5.2,andtheconditionsshallbeaccuratelycontrolledtoremoveCuandCdimpuritiesthoroughly.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice二段凈化

Two-stagepurification

條件控制

Conditioncontrol操作步驟

Operationsteps

條件控制

Conditioncontrol三段凈化條件為75-80℃（自然溫度）、pH5.0-5.4，條件適宜終除殘留雜質(zhì)。Thethree-stagepurificationconditionsinclude75-80℃(naturaltemperature),andpHof5.0-5.4,andtheconditionsshallbesuitableforfinalremovalofresidualimpurities.操作步驟

Operationsteps操作流程規(guī)范，確保殘留雜質(zhì)徹底清除，保障凈化液質(zhì)量。Theoperationprocessshallbestandardizedtoensurethatresidualimpuritiesarethoroughlyremovedandtoguaranteethequalityofpurificationsolution.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice三段凈化

Three-stagepurification

凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/L）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice產(chǎn)出物料及質(zhì)量要求

OutputmaterialsandqualityrequirementsCu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost

接班時(shí)仔細(xì)查看崗位區(qū)域現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查確認(rèn)崗位狀況是否正常，嚴(yán)格按交接班制度完成接班。Whentakingovershift,theworkareashallbecarefullychecked,andfieldinspectionshallbeperformedtoconfirmwhetherthepoststatusisnormal,Takingovershiftshallbecompletedinstrictaccordancewiththeshifthandoversystem.凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

認(rèn)真監(jiān)控各使用中的鋅粉斗的料位，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)鋅粉不足時(shí)，及時(shí)從鋅粉庫(kù)房轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)鋅粉到凈化槽樓面，及時(shí)往鋅粉斗補(bǔ)充鋅粉，確保鋅粉斗的料位合格。Themateriallevelofeachzincpowderhopperinuseshallbecarefullymonitored.Ifitisfoundthatzincpowderisinsufficient,thezincpowdershallbetransferredfromthezincpowderwarehouseintimetothepurificationtankfloor,andthezincpowdershallbereplenishedintothezincpowderbucketintime,toensurethatthemateriallevelofzincpowderhopperisqualified.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，須每隔15分鐘巡查一次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，檢查鋅粉、硫酸銅漿化液和銻鹽漿化液的加入量情況，確保平穩(wěn)、連續(xù)的加入。Duringtheproductionprocess,thesitemustbeinspectedonceevery15mintochecktheadditionamountofzincpowder,coppersulfateslurrysolutionandantimonicsaltslurrysolution.Theirsmoothandcontinuousadditionshallbeguaranteed.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，須每隔15分鐘巡查一次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，檢查鋅粉、硫酸銅漿化液和銻鹽漿化液的加入量情況，確保平穩(wěn)、連續(xù)的加入。Duringtheproductionprocess,thesitemustbeinspectedonceevery15mintochecktheadditionamountofzincpowder,coppersulfateslurrysolutionandantimonicsaltslurrysolution.Theirsmoothandcontinuousadditionshallbeguaranteed.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

按技術(shù)要求控制好進(jìn)入凈化溜槽的低鐵凈化上清液流量，按技術(shù)要求控制好凈化攪拌槽溫度。Theflowrateoflow-ironpurifiedsupernateenteringthepurificationchuteshallbeproperlycontrolledaccordingtotechnicalrequirements,andthetemperatureofthepurificationandstirringtankshallbecontrolledaccordingtotechnicalrequirements.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，每隔1小時(shí)分別取一段、二段、三段壓濾液，送檢測(cè)分析相關(guān)的雜質(zhì)元素，注意，在取樣前先用待取樣潤(rùn)洗取樣杯2次后再進(jìn)行取樣。Intheproductionprocess,thefirst-,second-andthird-stagefiltratesshallbetakenevery1h,whichshallbedeliveredfortestingtoanalyzerelevantimpurityelements.Attentionshallbepaidtothat,beforesampling,thesamplingcupshallberinsedtwicewiththesampletobetaken,followedbysampling.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

同時(shí)，每隔2小時(shí)取低鐵上清溶液送檢測(cè)分析相關(guān)的雜質(zhì)元素。Atthesametime,thelow-ironsupernateshallbetakenevery2handdeliveredfordetectiontoanalyzerelevantimpurityelements.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

根據(jù)所測(cè)到的雜質(zhì)元素含量情況，判定是否調(diào)整各槽鋅粉和其它輔料加入量，確保凈化合格的同時(shí)避免鋅粉、硫酸銅、銻鹽的浪費(fèi)。加大鋅粉加料量時(shí)優(yōu)先調(diào)整上游鋅粉加料量，減小鋅粉加料量時(shí)優(yōu)先調(diào)整下游鋅粉加料量。

Accordingtothemeasuredimpurityelementcontent,itisrequiredtojudgewhethertheaddedamountofzincpowderandotherauxiliarymaterialsineachtankshouldbeadjusted,toensurequalifiedpurificationandtoavoidthewasteofzincpowder,coppersulfateandantimonicsalt.Whenincreasingthezincpowderfeedingamount,theupstreamzincpowderfeedingamountispreferentiallyadjusted.Whenreducingthezincpowderfeedingamount,thedownstreamzincpowderfeedingamountispreferentiallyadjusted.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost凈化后液雜質(zhì)要求為（g/l）：

Theimpuritiesinthepurifiedliquidarerequiredasfollows(g/l):Cu≤0.0005Cd≤0.0008Co≤0.0005Ni≤0.001

Ge≤0.00005As≤0.00008Sb≤0.00008Fe≤0.02

凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice

按時(shí)做好數(shù)據(jù)記錄，下班前嚴(yán)格按交接班制度交班。Datarecordsshallbemadeontime,andtheshiftshallbehandedoverinstrictaccordancewiththeshifthandoversystembeforegettingoffwork.凈化崗位正常運(yùn)行工藝操作規(guī)程

Processoperatingproceduresfornormaloperationofpurificationpost防護(hù)措施Protectivemeasures防護(hù)措施為強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)+防毒口罩（活性炭濾芯半月?lián)Q），防護(hù)到位保障人員健康。Theprotectivemeasuresincludeforcedventilation+gasmask(activatedcarbonfilterelementisreplacedhalfamonth),andproperprotectiontoensurethehealthofpersonnel.監(jiān)測(cè)要求

Monitoringrequirements槽內(nèi)負(fù)壓監(jiān)測(cè)，煙囪每周清理，監(jiān)測(cè)要求嚴(yán)格，確保生產(chǎn)環(huán)境安全。Negativepressuremonitoringinthetank,weeklycleaningofthechimney,andstrictmonitoringrequirementsensurethesafetyoftheproductionenvironment.凈化崗位實(shí)踐

Purificationpostpractice砷化氫防護(hù)

Arsenichydrideprotection

作業(yè)準(zhǔn)備

Operationpreparation作業(yè)準(zhǔn)備為通風(fēng)≥4h→斷電掛牌→監(jiān)護(hù)入場(chǎng)，準(zhǔn)備充分保障作業(yè)安全。Theoperationpreparationincludesventilation≥