UnitSevenTermsofPaymentPartOne:TeachingAims&Requirements1.HelpstudentstogetageneralknowledgeofthetermsofpaymentinInternationalTradeBusiness,includingtheLetterofCreditwhichistheonemostoftenadoptedinInternationalCargoTrade.2.Helpstudentstostudythespecimenlettersregardingpaymentandpaymenttermsandlearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthisrespect.3.Helpstudentstolearnhowtowritesuchkindofletters,especiallythelettersaskingforamendmenttoL/C.PartTwo:BackgroundKnowledgeI.PaymentinInternationalTradeIninternationaltrade,buyersandsellersareintwocountries.Sometimes,theyhavetodobusinesswithunknowntraders.Ifthesellerdeliversgoodsbeforepaymenthasbeenmade,herunscertainrisksofnonpaymentofthebuyer;andifthebuyermakespaymentinadvance,helikewiserunsrisksofnon-deliveryofthegoods.Thus,itbecomesnecessaryforathirdpartytoactasanintermediatebetweenthemtosolvetheproblemofpayment.Thispartyisthebank,whoeitherguaranteespaymenttothesellerandexaminestheseller’sshippingdocumentsforthebuyerormakescollectionfortheseller.

II.TermsofpaymentininternationaltradeTermsofpaymentmeanswayormethodofmakingpayment.Astheyhavemuchtodowiththeinterestsandbenefitsofboththebuyerandtheseller,theyshouldbeagreeduponduringthenegotiationofatransactionandbeexplicitlylaiddowninthecontract.ThemethodsofpaymentweuseinthefinancingofinternationaltradearechieflytheLetterofCredit,CollectionandRemittance.

1.TheLetterofCreditThemostoftenusedmethodofpaymentinourinternationaltradeistheL/Cwhichisareliableandsafemethodofpayment.Itnotonlyfacilitatestradewithunknownbuyersandsellers,butalsogivesprotectiontobothsellersandbuyers.AnL/Cisawrittenpromisemadebyabankthatitwillmakepaymentforthegoodsshipped.Thatistosay,thebankpromisestopayforthegoodswhenitopensaletterofcredit.Itstatesthattheexporterwillgetpaidifthedocumentsconformtotheconditionssetforthintheletter.Theseconditionsarebasedonthesalescontractorsalesconfirmationbetweenthebuyerandtheseller.TheissuanceofaletterofcreditstarswiththebuyerwhoinstructshisbanktoissueanL/Cforhisaccountinfavorofthesellerfortheamountofthepurchase.Thebuyer’sbank(theopeningbank)sendstheL/Ctoitscorrespondentbankintheseller’scountry,givinginstructionsabouttheamountofthecredit,thebeneficiary,thecurrency,thedocumentsrequiredandotherspecialinstructions.Onreceiptofit,thecorrespondentadvisesthesellerofthereceiptofthecredit.SometimesasellerrequiresaconfirmedL/C.Inthiscase,thecorrespondentusuallyaddsitsconfirmationandadvisesthesellerofthesame.Hence,thecorrespondenthasbecometheconfirmingbank.Thenthesellerwilldispatchthegoodsaccordingly.2.CollectionAfterthegoodshavebeenshipped,theexportermayissueadraftbasedontheinvoiceamountandsendalltheshippingdocumentstotheimportertoaskhimtopayforthegoods.Thisiscalled“collection”.Thatistosay,theexportershipsthegoodstotheimporterbeforehecollectspaymentforthegoodsthroughhisbank.Inthiscase,thebankswillonlydotheserviceofcollectingandremittingandwillnotbeliablefornon-paymentoftheimporter.Undercollection,therearetwotermsofpayment----documentsagainstpayment(D/P)anddocumentsagainstacceptance(D/A).D/Pcallsforactualpaymentagainsttransferofshippingdocuments.ThereareD/PatsightandD/Paftersight.Theformerrequiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.Inthelattercondition,theimporterisgivenacertainperiodtomakepaymentas30,45,60or90daysafterpresentationofthedocuments,butheisnotallowedtogetholdofthedocumentsuntilhepays.D/Acallsfordeliveryofdocumentsagainstacceptanceofthedraftdrawnbytheexporter/seller.D/Aisalwaysaftersight.3.RemittanceByremittancewemeanthatthebuyeronhisowninitiativeremitsmoneytothesellerthroughabankcontracted.Therearethreekinds:MailTransfer(信匯),

TelegraphicTransfer（電匯）andDemandDraft（票匯）.Thismethodofpaymentisacceptedonlyinthefollowingtwocases:1)Whenthetransactionsarerathersmallandthefinanceinvolvedissmall,too.2)Whensomesmallsumsmustbepaidsuchasthepackingcosts,inspectionchargesorthebankingexpenses.4.ComparethemethodsofpaymentAsfarastheseller’sbenefitisconcerned,L/CisbetterthanD/P.D/PatsightisbetterthanD/Paftersight,whereasD/PisbetterthanD/A.Ininternationaltrade,paymentthroughcollectionisacceptedonlywhenthefinancialstandingoftheimporterissoundorwhereapreviouscourseofbusinesshasinspiredtheexporterwithconfidencethattheimporterwillbegoodforpayment.III.UrgingestablishmentofL/CIfthebuyerandtheselleragreeonL/Cpaymentterms,aftertheacknowledgementoftheorderandthesigningofthecontract,thebuyer,asarule,isunderobligationtoopenaletterofcreditwithhisbankwithinthecontractualtime.Inourexporttrade,itistheusualpracticethattheL/Cistobeopenedandtoreachtheseller30daysbeforeshipmentsoastogivethesellerenoughtimetomakepreparationsforshipment,suchasmakingthegoodsreadyandbookingshippingspace.Forpromptshipment,itisadvisablethatthecreditbeissuedingoodtime.However,theremaybecircumstanceswherethebuyerfailstoestablishL/C,oritdoesnotreachthesellerintime.Then,aletter,orafaxhastobesenttothebuyertourgehimtoexpeditetheL/Cortoascertainitswhereabouts.Whateverthecausemaybe,itisalwaysannoyingtotheseller,butnosuggestionofannoyanceisallowedtoappearinsuchaletter.Itisnotadvisable,exceptunderspecialconditions,tostartofftoostronglybyblamingthebuyerfornotexecutingthecontract.

InhisfirstmessagetourgetheestablishmentofL/C,thesellershould:Beaspoliteandrestrainedaspossible,inordernottoannoythebuyer;StatethefactthatthegoodsorderedarereadyforshipmentbuttherelevantL/Chasnotyetcometohand;Attimes,remindthebuyeroftheconsequencesthedelayedL/Cmightleadto.Expressthehopeforthebuyer’spromptattentiontotheL/C.Ifthefirstmessagebringsnoreply,sendasecondone.Thisone,thoughstillrestrained,willexpressdisappointmentandsurprise.MessagesrushingL/Cmustbewrittenwithtact.Theiraimistopersuadethebuyertocooperatemorecloselyandinfacttofulfillhisobligations;otherwise,theywillgiveoffensetothebuyerandbringaboutunhappyconsequences.IV.L/Camendment&extensionItiscustomarythattheseller,uponreceiptoftherelevantL/C,willfirstofallmakeathoroughexaminationtoseewhethertheclausessetforthintheL/Careinfullconformitywiththetermsstatedinthesalescontract/confirmation.Thisstepisessential.Aminordifferencebetweenthetwo,ifnotdiscoveredordulyamended,maycausethesellermuchinconvenienceorevenbringaboutheavyeconomiclosses,becausethenegotiatingbankwillrefusenegotiationofthedocumentsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbytheopeningbank.Therefore,ifanydiscrepanciesorsomeunforeseenspecialclausestowhichthesellerdoesnotagreearefoundintheL/C,thesellershouldsendanadvicetothebuyer,askinghimtomakeamendment.Sometimesanunexpectedsituationregardingsupply,shipping,etc.mayarise.Inthiscase,anamendmenttotheoriginalL/Cwillalsoberequired.Ininternationaltrade,whenthesellerreceivestheadviceofL/Camendment,heshouldcarefullyscrutinizeitonceagain.Onlyifnodiscrepanciesarefoundbetweenthetwo,canthesellermakedeliveryofthecontractedgoods.NotonlycantheselleraskforamendmenttoanL/C,thebuyercanlikewiseaskforamendmentifhefindsanythingintheL/Cneedstobealtered.TheusualprocedureisthatthebuyershouldfirstobtainconsentfromthesellerandtheninstructtheopeningbanktoamendtheL/C.Besidesthetimeofshipment,whichisusuallystipulatedintheL/C,eachL/Chasitsexpirydate.Inordertoleavesufficienttimetothesellertomakeouttheshippingdocumentsandthebanktomaketheirnegotiation,thetimeofshipmentandtheexpirydateoftheL/Cshouldbemadeatleasttwoweeksapart.Sometimesthesellermayfailtogetthegoodsreadyforshipmentintimeorthebuyermayrequestthattheshipmentbepostponedforonereasonoranother;thenthesellerwillhavetoaskforextensionoftheexpirydateaswellasthedateofshipmentoftheL/C.OnlywhenhereceivestheadviceofL/Cextensionfromthebank,canthesellereffectshipmentaccordingly.LettersconcerningL/CamendmentandextensionshouldbewrittenwithcourtesybecauseamereamendmenttoorextensionofL/Cwillneedtimeandmoney,whichisalwaysanannoyingthingtothebuyer.PartThree:SampleLetters(1)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.draftn.

匯票e.g.toissueadraft開具匯票

todrawadrafton/uponsb.向某人開具匯票

todrawon/uponsb.向某人開具匯票

todrawonsb.atsight向某人開出即期匯票

todrawonsb.at30d/s(or:at30days’sight)向某人開出30天期匯票

toacceptadraft承兌匯票

todiscountadraft匯票貼現(xiàn)

e.g.Wearewillingtoacceptyourdraftfortheamountofthecredit.

我們愿承兌你方根據(jù)信用證金額開具的匯票。

YourdraftonusforUS$2,010infavorofABCCo.hasbeenaccepted.

你開給我們的付給ABC公司的2,010美元的匯票已承兌。

TheexportersdiscountthedraftwiththeBankofChinainLondon.

出口商將匯票向倫敦中行貼現(xiàn)。2.draw(vt.vi.)

這個詞匯在商務(wù)函電中的使用比較頻繁，一般有以下幾層含義：(1)attract吸引；引起e.g.Wewishtodraw/call/inviteyourattentiontothefactthatthetermsintherelevantL/Cshouldstrictlyconformtothosestipulatedinoursalesconfirmation.

我們愿提請你方注意，有關(guān)信用證中的條件應(yīng)與我方銷售確認(rèn)書中的規(guī)定嚴(yán)格相符。(2)compose(drawup)草擬；擬定e.g.1)Thecontractisbeingdrawnup..2)Thisagreementwillbedrawnupinadayortwoforapproval.(3)writeout(abillonsb.for…)開具匯票e.g.1)ThedocumentarydrafthasbeendrawnontheBankofSingaporeatsightforUS$20,000undertheirL/CNo.123.

我們已按新加坡銀行第123號信用證規(guī)定向他們開出金額為20,000美元的即期跟單匯票。

2)Asarranged,wehavedrawnon/uponyouagainstthedocumentsfortheamountofinvoicethroughtheBankofAsia.

根據(jù)約定，我們已通過亞洲銀行按照發(fā)票金額向你方開具了跟單匯票。

3)WeregrettonotethatourdraftdrawnonyouonthetermsofD/P30daysaftersightwasdishonoured.

很遺憾，我們按照30天期付款交單的條件向你方開出的匯票遭到銀行的拒付。PartThree:SampleLetters(2)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.insb.’sfavor/infavorofsb.:

以……為收款人；以……為受益人；以……為抬頭e.g.WehaveopenedtherelativeL/CinyourfavorwiththeBankofChina,ChengduBranch.

我們已向中國銀行成都分行開立了以你方為受益人的信用證。2.payablea.

（到期）應(yīng)支付的；可支付的e.g.billspayable到期（應(yīng)付）的帳

payableatsight見票即付（此處的“票”即為即期匯票）3.negotiationn.

議付e.g.tomakenegotiation(銀行)辦理議付

negotiationofdocuments(銀行)議付單證

tonegotiateshippingdocuments(銀行)議付裝運(yùn)單證PartThree:SampleLetters(3)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.totheextentof:

總計(jì)；金額為……同義短語:fortheamountof;foratotalof;for(該短語通常放在它所修飾的名詞后面。)e.g.1)WehaveopenedthecoveringL/Cfor(theamountof)US$10,000.2)WehavereceivedyourL/CNo.234forthetotalofRMB25,000coveringyourOrderNo.987forWalnutMeat.我方已收到你方第987號訂單項(xiàng)下核桃仁的第234號信用證，計(jì)人民幣25，000元。3)WerequestyoutoestablishanL/Cinourfavorforthecontractedamount(or:for

thecontractvalue)throughanAmericanbank.我們要求你方通過一家美國銀行開立以我方為抬頭的相當(dāng)于合同金額的信用證。關(guān)于信用證金額的表達(dá)，還有以下幾種方式：1)uptoanaggregateamountofHongkongDollars…累計(jì)金額最高為港幣……2)forasum(or:sums)notexceedingatotalofRMB￥…總金額不得超過人民幣……3)totheextentofHKD…總金額為港幣……4)fortheamountofUSD…金額為美元……5)foranamountnotexceedingatotalofJPY…金額的總數(shù)不得超過……日元的限度2.acceptancen.signingofabillofexchangetoshowthatyouagreetopayit承兌（匯票）e.g.topresentabill(ofexchange)foracceptance:forpaymentbythepersonwhohasacceptit

提示匯票供承兌

Weencloseourdraftat30daysforacceptancebyyourbankers.

隨函附上見票30天付款的匯票，由你方銀行承兌。accept

vt.tosign(abillofexchange)toindicatethatyoupromisetopayit承兌（匯票）e.g.1)Ourbankwillacceptyour60days’draftonthemfortheamountofyourinvoice.

我方銀行將承兌你們按你方發(fā)票金額向他們開具的60天期匯票。

2)Immediatelywereceivetheaccepteddraftwewillarrangetoshipthegoods.

接到你方銀行承兌的匯票后，我們當(dāng)即安排裝運(yùn)。

3.consignmentn.goodssentfordelivery;transferofgoodstoanagenttobesold一批交付的貨物；委托裝運(yùn)的貨物；貨物；寄售（的貨物）e.g.1)afreshconsignmentofsewingmachines一批新到的縫紉機(jī)2)Thelastconsignmentwasfounddefective.

最后一批貨物發(fā)現(xiàn)有瑕疵。3)Whatcoveragewillyoutakeoutforthisconsignment?

對此貨你方將投保什么險(xiǎn)？4)consignmentsale;saleonaconsignmentbasis寄售5)Weentertainthebusinessonconsignment/aconsignmentbasis.

我們愿以寄售的方式接受這筆交易。6)Youmayselltheconsignmentgoodsatreducedprices.你方可降價銷售寄售的貨物。PartThree:SampleLetters(4)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.with/inreferenceto:(formalorwritten)withregardto,referringto,regarding,about關(guān)于

e.g.1)Withreferenceto/ReferringtoourletterofJuly22,wewouldliketoremindyouofthetimeofdelivery.2)Withreferencetopayment,wecannotdootherthanL/Catsight.

關(guān)于支付方式，我們只能接受即期信用證。類似的表達(dá)：Referenceismadeto….關(guān)于（提及；參考）……。

e.g.ReferenceismadetoContractNo.988coveringSkirtsintheamountofRMB6,000andContractNo.998forSilkBlouseintheamountofRMB9,000.(Now,canyouunderstandtheabovesentence?Trytotranslateit.)2.foryourinformation(1)foryourreference供你方參考e.g.weareenclosingacopyofourlatestcatalogueforyourinformation/reference.隨函寄上我方最新商品目錄本一份，供你方參考。(2)奉告e.g.Foryourinformation,thecoveringgoodshavebeenshippedonboardS.S.DongfengscheduledtosailonSeptember12.奉告，有關(guān)貨物已裝定于9月12日啟航的“東風(fēng)”輪。(3)(可不翻譯)e.g.Foryourinformation,nowwearespeciallyinterestedinimportingMan-madeLeatherBagsfromyourcountry.3.duea.(1)owing(to);tobepaid（款項(xiàng)）應(yīng)支付的e.g.1)Wehavereceivedtheremittance,buthavetopointoutthat$500isstillduetous.2)Thecommissionduetoyouwillbepaidattheendofthismonth.(2)suitable,proper適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)膃.g.1)Afterdueconsideration,theydecidedtoacceptourproposal.2)Wearepleasedtoinformyouthatthecontractualgoodsarrivedatourplaceinduetime/course(attherighttime).(3)expected,appointedoragreed(foracertaintimeordate)（車、船等）預(yù)定應(yīng)到的;（票據(jù)等）到期的e.g.1)Thetrainisduetoleaveathalfpastten.火車預(yù)定10點(diǎn)半離開。

2)SailedfromCopenhagenon20thAugust,S.S.Daqingisdue(toarrive)at/inQingdaoon30thSeptember.3)Thedraftfalls/becomesdueon31stMay.dulyad.inarightorsuitablemanner;attherighttime適當(dāng)?shù)?；正式地；按時地e.g.1)Theyhavedulysolvedtheproblem.他們已經(jīng)適當(dāng)?shù)亟鉀Q了這個問題。

2)TheS/Chasbeendulysignedbytheseller.銷售合同已由賣方（正式）簽署。

3)Abillwasreceivedanddulypaid.收到了賬單并及時支付了。

4)Thetrainhas(duly)arrived(induecourse).火車按時到達(dá)了。上句中，用duly或者induecourse均可。overduea.pastdue;beyondthetimefixedforpaymentarrival,etc.過期（未付）的；延誤的e.g.1)anoverduepayment過期未付的款項(xiàng)

2)alongoverduedebt拖欠很久的債務(wù)

3)anoverduebill逾期未付的賬單

4)Therentisoverdue.房租被拖欠了。

5)Theshipmentof30metrictonsofWheatisrapidlybecomingoverdue.

30公噸小麥的裝運(yùn)很快就過期了。4.see(toit)that…:

makesurethat…確?！?；務(wù)使…e.g.1)Willsee(toit)thatthegoodsarecarefullyprocessed. 我們一定注意仔細(xì)加工此貨。

2)Weshallappreciateitifyouwillsee(toit)thattheamendmentismadewithoutdelay.

請注意立刻修改信用證。PartThree:SampleLetters(5)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.coveringa.incoverof

有關(guān)……的；屬于……的e.g.1)Pleaseletushaveyourpricelistcovering/foryourenamelware.2)Weshallappreciateasamplecoveringyouroffer.3)WehaveopenedanirrevocableL/Ccovering/incoverofourOrderNo.345.4)WeairmailedtoyouthreesamplesofPrintedShirtingcoveringourOrderNo.123.5)Weencloseourproformainvoiceintriplicatecovering500,000KnittingNeedles.

現(xiàn)隨附我方關(guān)于五十萬只編織針的形式發(fā)票一式三份。6)WesentyouyesterdayBillofLadingNo.HK5698coveringshipmentof3,000kilosWalnutmeat.上述句子中的covering和for的意思差不多，均可用for來替換。比較：coveredby:under項(xiàng)下的e.g.1)Pleaseshipthetwocasesofteacoveredby/underourOrderNo.167assoonaspossible.

請盡快裝運(yùn)我方第167號訂單項(xiàng)下的兩箱茶葉。

2)Thegoodscoveredby/underContractNo.XY-234willbeshippedbeforetheendofthismonth.第XY-234號合同項(xiàng)下的貨物將于本月底裝運(yùn)。2.regret

vt.抱歉，遺憾e.g.1)Weregretverymuchtheinconveniencewehavecausedyou.2)Weregretourinabilityto/Weregretbeingunabletoacceptyourcounter-offer.3)ReferringtoyourenquiryofMarch4,weregrettoinformyouthatwearenotinapositiontosupplyyouwiththegoodsrequired.4)Weregretthatwecannotcomplywithyourrequest.很遺憾，不能滿足你方的要求。

5)Weareregretfulforthemistakewemade.6)Wefeelregretfulthatthedelayinshipmenthascausedyoumuchinconvenience.

延遲裝運(yùn)給你們帶來許多不便，深感歉意。

7)Itisregretted/regrettablethatthegoodsarrivedwerefounddefective.

很遺憾，發(fā)現(xiàn)所到貨物有缺陷。

8)AfterexaminingtheclausesofL/C,weregretfullyfindthattherearesomediscrepanciesbetweentheContractandtheL/C.

經(jīng)審核信用證相關(guān)條款，我們很遺憾地發(fā)現(xiàn)，該證與有關(guān)合同之間存在一些不符點(diǎn)。PartThree:SampleLetters(6)StudyUsefulWords&Phrases1.amendmentn.修改；修訂e.g.1)tomakeamendmenttoanL/C修改信用證2)anamendmenttotheoriginalL/C原本信用證的修改3)amendmentadvice修改通知書；改證通知書4)WehopeyouwillmakethenecessaryamendmentstoyourL/Casrequested.

希望你們將按我們的要求對該證作必要的修改。5)Pleasesendyouramendmentadvicepromptlysoastofacilitateshipmentatthisend.

請即寄信用證修改通知書，以利我方裝船。6)Wehavetoaskyoutomake/effectthefollowingamendments/modifications/alterationstoyourL/C:我們不得不請你方對該證作如下的修改：amendv.修改；修訂e.g.1)toamendtheL/C修改信用證

2)PleasearrangewithyourbankerstohavetherelativeL/C

amendedasfollows:

請聯(lián)系你方銀行將該(有關(guān)的)信用證修改如下：

3)PleaseamendtheL/Casallowingtransshipment(asallowingshipmentintwoequalinstalments).

請將該證修改為準(zhǔn)許轉(zhuǎn)船（準(zhǔn)許分兩批均等裝運(yùn)）。

4)Pleaseamendtheportofshipment“Dalian”as“Dalian”or“Tianjin”.

請把裝運(yùn)港“大連”修改為“大連”或“天津”。

5)Youarerequestedtoamendtheclause“…”toread“…”inaccordancewiththestipulationsofthecontract.

請按合同規(guī)定把“……”條款修改為“……”。

6)Theclauseistobesoamendedastoread“…”.

該條款應(yīng)修改為“……”。2.stipulationn.

約定；規(guī)定；條款e.g.1)toconformto/toabideby/tocomplywithcontractstipulations

遵守合同條款

2)accordingtotheL/Cstipulations

按照信用證的規(guī)定stipulate

vt.&vi.約定；規(guī)定；訂明e.g.常用的習(xí)慣搭配有：(1)tostipulateforsth.(2)tostipulatethat…1)Thecontractstipulates(for)directshipment.該合同規(guī)定直運(yùn)。

2)Westipulate(for)paymentbyconfirmedL/C.我們約定憑保兌的信用證支付。3)Thecontractstipulatesthatshipmentshall/shouldbeeffectedbydirectsteamer.

該合同規(guī)定必須用直達(dá)船裝運(yùn)。4)Itisstipulatedthatthegoodsshouldbepackedinseaworthyexportwoodencases.

（雙方）約定該貨必須用適合于海運(yùn)的出口木箱包裝。stipulateda.約定的；規(guī)定的e.g.1)stipulatedquality/quantity約定的品質(zhì)/數(shù)量

2)stipulatedtimeofshipment約定的裝運(yùn)期3.extend

vt.toprolong(period)延長；延期e.g.1)PleaseextendtheL/C(for)15days.請將信用證展期15天。

2)PleasehaveyourletterofcreditextendedtoJuly20.請將信用證展至7月20日。

3)Asthereisnoshippingspaceavailablewithinthismonth,wehavetorequestyoutoextendtheshipmentdateandthevalidityofyourL/Cto/till/untiltheend/30thofSeptemberandOctober15respectively.

由于本月沒有艙位，我們只得要求你方將信用證中的裝船期和有效期分別延展到9月底和10月15日。extensionn.prolonging(period)延長；延期e.g.1)extensionofthetimeofdelivery交貨期的延長

2)extensionofthetimeofexpirationofL/C信用證有效期的延長

3)Anextensionof15daysisrequired.需要展期15天。

4)Werequestyoutomakeanextensionofthecreditto15thAugust.

請將該證的有效期展至8月15日。

5)Nofurtherextensionofshipmentwillbeallowed.我方將不允許再次延展裝運(yùn)期。4.confirm

vt.ractify;agreedefinitelyto(atreaty,anappointment,etc.)確認(rèn)e.g.1)WeconfirmourfaxofDec.12regardingWalnutmeat.2)WeconfirmSeptember/Octobershipment.3)Weconfirmhavingfaxedyouafirmofferforthefollowinggoods:4)Weconfirmthatwesentyou