專題07巧用定語從句寫作指導(dǎo)識寫作指導(dǎo)識核心概念：什么是定語從句？定語從句，就是一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)“定語”，用來修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞（即先行詞）?！ず唵尉?Iknowtheboy.（我認(rèn)識那個(gè)男孩。）·含定語從句的復(fù)合句:Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball.（我認(rèn)識那個(gè)正在打籃球的男孩。）·先行詞:theboy·定語從句:whoisplayingbasketball·關(guān)系詞:who(指代theboy，并在從句中作主語)1.定語從句的“骨架”：兩大要素一個(gè)完整的定語從句必須包含兩個(gè)部分：·先行詞：被修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞?！りP(guān)系詞：連接主句和從句的詞語，它同時(shí)指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（如主語、賓語、狀語等）。2.關(guān)系詞的選用who人主語或賓語Thegirlwhowontheprizeismysister.(作主語)Themanwhoyoumetisourprincipal.(作賓語)whom人賓語(通?？杀粀ho替代或省略)Thelady(whom/who)Iadmiremostismymother.(作賓語，可省略)whose人或物定語(表示“...的”)That'stheartistwhosepaintingsarefamous.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.which物/事主語或賓語Thebookwhichisonthetableismine.(作主語)Themovie(which)wesawyesterdaywasgreat.(作賓語，可省略)that人或物主語或賓語HeisthegreatestmanthatIhaveeverseen.(作賓語)Anythingthatcangowrongwillgowrong.(作主語)when時(shí)間名詞(time,day等)時(shí)間狀語I'llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.where地點(diǎn)名詞(place,city等)地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.why原因名詞(reason)原因狀語ThatisthereasonwhyIwaslate.特殊考點(diǎn)：只用that的情況（口訣：不定代，序數(shù)最高級；人&物，全與唯一）1.先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等?！amwillingtodoanythingthatmightbehelpful.2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時(shí)?！hisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.·Hewasthefirstpersonthatarrived.3.先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物時(shí)?！etalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweremembered.4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)?！eistheonlyfriendthatIhave.技巧一：化零為整，提升句子層次感寫作中最忌諱的是通篇簡單句。定語從句可以將兩個(gè)相關(guān)的簡單句合并成一個(gè)邏輯緊密的復(fù)合句?！て降磉_(dá)(兩個(gè)簡單句):Ihaveafriend.Shelovescollectingstamps.·升級表達(dá)(定語從句):Ihaveafriendwholovescollectingstamps.·平淡表達(dá):Wevisitedacitylastsummer.Thecityisfamousforitshistory.·升級表達(dá):Lastsummer,wevisitedacitywhich/thatisfamousforitshistory.技巧二：提供關(guān)鍵信息，使表達(dá)更具體定語從句可以為抽象名詞（如reason,way,feeling）或泛指名詞提供具體內(nèi)容，讓讀者一目了然?！つ：磉_(dá):Idon'tknowthereason.·具體表達(dá):Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.·模糊表達(dá):Thatwasawonderfulexperience.·具體表達(dá):ThatwasawonderfulexperiencethatIwillcherishforever.技巧三：使用“非限制性定語從句”，增加補(bǔ)充信息非限制性定語從句是對主句的補(bǔ)充說明，如果去掉，主句意思依然完整。書寫時(shí)用逗號與主句隔開。關(guān)系詞不能用that?！すδ埽合喈?dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，使文章信息量更豐富，讀起來更流暢?！だ?·Myfather,whoisadoctor,willgoabroadnextmonth.(我父親下個(gè)月要出國，他是一名醫(yī)生。)·Ipassedtheexam,whichmademyparentsveryhappy.(我通過了考試，這讓我父母很高興。)·HewenttoShanghai,wherehisgrandparentslive.(他去了上海，他的祖父母住在那里。)技巧四：避免“頭重腳輕”，學(xué)會使用分隔式定語從句有時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，避免主語部分過長（頭重腳輕），會將定語從句與它所修飾的先行詞分隔開?！ゎ^重腳輕:Thedaywhenwefinallyachievedourgoalcame.·平衡優(yōu)美:Thedaycamewhenwefinallyachievedourgoal.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)練專項(xiàng)練習(xí)練一、單句語法填空30題1.Thisisthegirl______helpedmewithmyEnglishyesterday.2.Thebook______coverisblueismine.3.Istillremembertheday______wefirstmetinthepark.4.Thisisthefactory______myfatherhasworkedfor20years.5.Heistheman______sonwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.6.Thereason______hewaslateforschoolisthathemissedthebus.7.Wevisitedthecity______manyhistoricalbuildingsarelocated.8.Shelikesmusic______shecandanceto.9.Thestudent______homeworkwasnotfinishedwascriticizedbytheteacher.10.Idon’tknowtheperson______youaretalkingabout.11.Thisistheplace______Ispentmychildhood.12.Thefilm______wewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting.13.Hegavemeapen______writesverysmoothly.14.Theteacher______teachesusmathisverystrictbutkind.15.Thetime______wecanspendtogetherislimited.16.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedduringourtrip.17.Thegirlwith______Iwentshoppingyesterdayismycousin.18.Thestory______hetolduswasveryinteresting.19.Thisisthehouse______LuXunoncelivedin.20.Thereason______heexplainedtouswasnotconvincing.21.Wewillneverforgettheyears______westudiedinhighschool.22.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryuseful.23.Heisthescientist______inventionshavechangedtheworld.24.Thecity______Iwasbornisabeautifulcoastalcity.25.Iknowaboy______fatherisafamousdoctor.26.Thesong______wesangatthepartywasverypopular.27.Thisistheproblem______weneedtosolveimmediately.28.Theteacher______classweattendedyesterdayisfromBeijing.29.Iwillneverforgetthemoment______Iwonthefirstprize.30.Thetree______leavesturnredinautumnisamapletree.二、長句翻譯20題1.那個(gè)在操場上打籃球的男孩是我的同桌。（who/that）2.我們應(yīng)該尊敬那些為社會做出貢獻(xiàn)的人。（who/that）3.你認(rèn)識那個(gè)正在給學(xué)生們上課的女老師嗎？（who/that）4.這是我昨天從書店買的那本英語詞典。（which/that）5.他送給我的禮物是一個(gè)精美的筆記本。（which/that）6.能解決這個(gè)難題的方法很少。（which/that）7.我永遠(yuǎn)記得我第一次去北京的那一天。（when）8.這是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶於燃俚牡胤?。（where）9.他沒有告訴我們他拒絕邀請的原因。（why）10.我的哥哥是一名醫(yī)生，他在一家大型醫(yī)院工作。（who）11.我們參觀了長城，它是世界七大奇跡之一。（which）12.李明通過了考試，這讓他的父母非常高興。（wh