高三英語試卷英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)題分類匯編一、高中英語閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀理解

WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.Nowinitssixthyear,thecharitable(慈善的)dayusesthepowerofsocialmediatoencourageorganizationsandindividualstodonatefundsorresourcestoworthycauses.Itsmissionistobringpositivechangetocommunitiesthroughgiving.

Thoughdevotingjustonedaytoaworthycausemaynotseemmuch,GivingTuesdaymakesasurprisinglysignificantimpact.In2015,ORGANIZE,anonlineorgandonorprogramaskedpeopleto“GivewithyourHeart”,bybecomingregistereddonors.ThousandsofAmericanslistentothecryforhelp,resultinginoneofthelargestdigitaldonordrivesinUShistory.

Thatsameyear,theClevelandLibraryandthePrattLibraryinBaltimorecompetedtoseewhocouldencouragemoredonations.WhilethePrattLibrarywonwitha$41,000acquisition,theClevelandLibrarywasabletoraiseafairlylargeamountforitsprogramsaswell.In2016,theUniversityofMichiganencouragedstudentsandfriendstodonatetohourlychallenges.Theyraisedanamazing$5.5million!Theuniversityhopestorecreatethemagicthisyear,withavirtualcelebrationtomarktheinstitution's200thanniversary.

GivingTuesdayisnotjustaUSphenomenon,butaglobalmovement.In2016,98countriesparticipatedintheevent,raising$177million,a44%increaseover2015,when71nationscollected$116.7million.Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.

Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.Youcangivebackbyvolunteeringatanearbynonprofitorfoodbank.Socialmediaexpertscandotheirsharebyspreadingtheinformationandinspiringtheircolleaguestogetinvolved.AnothergreatwaytocelebrateGivingTuesdayisbyhelpingthoseclosesttoyou,whetherthat'sassistingafamilymemberwithchoresorhelpinganeighborwithyardwork.（1）WhyisGivingTuesdaystarted?A.

Toappealtopeopletoperformanactofkindness.B.

Topromotesalesoftheholidayshoppingseason.C.

Toinspirethepoortohaveapositiveviewoflife.D.

Toencouragepeopletodonateorgansforpatients.（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.A.

peopledonatedmoneyactivelyforthetwolibrariesinBaltimoreB.

theUniversityofMichiganthoughtitchallengingtogetdonationsC.

GivingTuesdayhasn'tbeenuniversallyacceptedintheworldsofarD.

thedonationstotheinstitutionweregivenforits200thanniversary（3）Theauthortriestotellthereaders

inParagraph5.A.

whyweneedtovolunteerinourlocalcommunityB.

whowewillcelebrateGivingTuesdaytogetherwithC.

whereweshoulddonatefundstobenefitotherpeopleD.

howwecangivetohelpthosewhoareingreatneed【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹GivingTuesday,并激勵(lì)人們慷慨行善。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.”可知,人們慶祝GivingTuesday的目的是激勵(lì)人們慷慨行善。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.”可以推斷出,到目前為止在世界上慶祝GivingTuesday還不夠普遍。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“)Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.”可知,本段文章的內(nèi)容主要講述為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)有許多種方式。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Someinternationallanguagesarewidelyusedformanypurposes.Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.Ireckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.Ontheotherhand,weneedtohelpimproveminoritylanguages.

Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.Somecountriestrytosavedyinglanguages.Forinstance,AustralianGovernmentcreatedaprojecttosavethelanguageandcultureofMaoriwhoareAustralianaborigines.AndthereareotherprojectstokeepminoritylanguagessuchasAmericanIndianlanguage.

However,theworldwidejobmarketusuallyrequirescandidateswhocanspeakEnglishorotherinternationallanguages.Peoplewhocannotspeaklinguafranca(共通語)couldhardlybepromotedatwork.Forexample,somecompaniesneedanemployeewhocandealwithforeigncompanies.Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.

Therefore,worldneedsonecommonlinguafrancathatshouldbespokeninanycountry.Consequently,onecommonlanguageshouldbearequiredsubjectineveryschool.Soanyonespeakingonecommonlanguagecantravelwithoutworriestoanypointoftheworldandtradetheirproducts.Peoplewillnotbeforcedtolearnmanylanguages.

Inconclusion,weshouldhelpminoritynationstokeeptheirlanguagesfortheculturaldiversity.Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reckon”inParagraph1mean?A.

Deny.

B.

Fear.

C.

Ignore.

D.

Think.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.

Notallminoritylanguagesareuseful.

B.

Someminoritylanguageshavediedout.C.

MaoriisattractivetoAustraliantourists.

D.

AmericanIndianlanguageiswellpreserved.（3）Whydomostpeoplestudymoreinternationallanguages?A.

Itbenefitstheirjourney.

B.

Theycanearnmoremoney.C.

Itdoesgoodtofindagoodjob.

D.

Theyareeagertogetpromoted.（4）Howcanwestayawayfromlanguageproblems?A.

Bylearningacommonlanguage.

B.

Bywipingoutminoritylanguages.C.

Bystudyingmorelanguagesatcollege.

D.

Bycommunicatingmorewithforeigners.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一些國際語言被廣泛用于許多目的，多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。作者建議通過學(xué)習(xí)一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.”一些少數(shù)民族語言消亡，一些國家傾向于保持少數(shù)民族語言。”Ireckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.”我認(rèn)為最常用的國際語言緩解我們的生活質(zhì)量和與不同民族的溝通。由上下文聯(lián)系推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“想，認(rèn)為”。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.”可知一些少數(shù)民族的語言已經(jīng)滅絕。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.”多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.”可知通過學(xué)習(xí)一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAl,accordingtoablogpost.

ThedepartureislikelytheresultofTesla'smovingintothefieldofArtificialIntelligence(AI)，whichhesaidin2017wouldbethe“bestintheworld”andwouldevenbeableto“predictyourdestination,”Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization,”O(jiān)penAIsaidinablogpostonFeb.20,addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.

MuskandYCombinerCEOSamAltmanco-foundedthenonprofitenterpriseinDecember2015,itsmissionistodevelopsafeartificialgeneralintelligenceandensurethosedevelopmentsaremadepublic.OpenAIresearcherspublishedapaperonthesiteArXiv,org,detailingthepossiblesecurethreatsthatcomewith“malicious”AI.Infact,Muskhasheardthe“evilAI”alarmseveraltimes,OnAug.11，2017,hewarnedthatartificialintelligenceposesabiggerthreattohumanity,andhetoldagatheringofstategovernorsthatthegovernmentneedstoregulateAlbeforerobotsstart“killingpeople.”

Musk'sdeparturefromtheOpenAIboardcouldmeanbigthingsforTesla.AsEtonGoodbye,afinancialreporter,notedonFuturism,themove“couldsignalthatTeslaismoredeeplycommittedtotheirownAIprojectsthanwethought.”Headded,“Thosewhohavehadtheirearstoanyrumors(謠言)thatTeslaisreadytodelivervehiclescapableofLevel5autonomycouldtakethisnewOpenAldevelopmentasasignthatthecompanyisinchingclosertothatunapproachablegoal,”Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman“driver”wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.（1）WhydoesEldonMuskleavehisposition?A.

TocreatesaferAI.

B.

TobuildpowerfulInternet.C.

Todevelopsocialcommunication.

D.

ToavoidapossibleconflictwithTesla.（2）WhatistheEldonMusk'sattitudetowardstheAI?A.

Ambiguous.

B.

Supportive.

C.

Negative.

D.

Sympathetic.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inParagraph3mean?A.

Poisonous.

B.

Unpopular.

C.

Advanced.

D.

Traditional.（4）WhatcanweinferfromEtonGoodbye'scomments?A.

Level5autonomyisimpossible.

B.

TherumorsaboutTeslaismeaningless.C.

HehasnoconfidenceinOpenAI.

D.

Level5autonomycouldsethumandriversfree.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了傳奇人物埃隆·馬斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAI,accordingtoablogpost.”和第二段中的“addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.”可知EldonMusk離開他的職位是為了避免可能和Tesla產(chǎn)生沖突，故D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization”可推知EldonMusk對(duì)于AI的態(tài)度是同情，故選B。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Infact,Muskhasheardthe‘evilAI’alarmseveraltimes.”可猜測(cè)出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman‘driver’wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.可推出“Level5autonomy”將會(huì)讓人類司機(jī)解放，故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Beginninglifeatcollegenaturallydevelopsbothexcitementandanxietyformanyreasons.Forsome,thisfeelingisquicklyovercomeastheyadapttoanewenvironment;forothersthechangetakeslongerandsometimesappearsashomesickness.

Ifyouarehomesick,youmightnoticeanincreasein:

Lowenergyormotivation.

Troublesleeping.

Increases/decreasesinappetite.

Havingdifficultywithschool.

Increaseduseofdrugsoralcohol.

Lackofinterestorinvolvementinnewsurroundings.

CAUSES

Thedistancefromhome—thefartheryougo,theworseitmaybe.

Unhappinesswhenthingsaredifferentfromyourexpectationsofstudentlife.

Youhavefinallyarrivedatcollegeafterworkingtowarditforsolong.

Aheavyworkload.

Studentswhoarehomesickoftenfeeltheyhavenocontrolovertheirenvironment.

WHATMIGHTHELP?

Keepingoodcontactwiththepeopleyouhaveleftbehind,butalsogiveyourselftimewithintheuniversitytobegintogetinvolvedhere.

Berealisticaboutwhattoexpectfromstudentlifeandfromyourself.Setupabalancebetweenworkandleisure.

Ifworkisprovingtoodifficult,youmayneedtoimproveyourstudyskillsoryourorganizationoftime.

Remembertogetenoughfoodandsleep!Theseaffectyouemotionallyaswellasphysically.

Makecontactsandfriendsthroughsharedactivitiessuchassportsorotherinterests.

Ifyoustopbeingabletodonormalsocialandacademicthings,seekprofessionalhelpeitherfromyouradvisorordeanorthecounselingservice.（1）Whatmightbeasignoffeelinghomesick?A.

Feelinglikequarrelingwithsomeoneelse.B.

Becominginterestedinstudythaneverbefore.C.

Findingfoodorfruitlessattractive.D.

Participatinginalmostallactivitiesincollege.（2）Newcollegestudentsmightbehomesickbecause

.A.

theyareneverfarawayfromtheirparentsB.

theyfeelupsetaboutsomethingunexpectedC.

theysuddenlydonothaveanythingtodoD.

theydonotliketheuniversitytheyarein（3）Whichofthefollowingmeasuresmightbehelpfulforhomesickstudentsaccordingtothetext?A.

Keepingtheiroldfriendsleftbehind.B.

Remindingthemselvestokeepbusyandforgetit.C.

Forcingthemselvestostayintheirdormsonweekends.D.

Goinginforsportswiththeirfriends.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了剛離開家上大學(xué)的學(xué)生面對(duì)新環(huán)境可能遇到的問題和給他們提出的建議。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文“Increases/decreasesinappetite.”可知，如果一個(gè)人想家，就有可能增加或減少食欲，所以C選項(xiàng)“感覺食物或水果失去吸引力”符合題意，而其他選項(xiàng)“想跟別人吵架”、“對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)比以前更感興趣”和“幾乎參加了大學(xué)所有的活動(dòng)”都不符合題意。所以答案選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文“Unhappinesswhenthingsaredifferentfromyourexpectationsofstudentlife.”可知，當(dāng)事情不符合新入學(xué)的學(xué)生的期望時(shí)，他們就會(huì)不高興。所以B選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)不符合預(yù)期的事物感到厭煩”符合題意。所以答案選B。（3）推理判斷題。由原文“Keepingoodcontactwiththepeopleyouhaveleftbehind”可知，要跟留下的人保持聯(lián)系，所以A選項(xiàng)“要一直讓老朋友留下”是不正確的。由原文“Setupabalancebetweenworkandleisure.”可知，應(yīng)該在工作和休閑之前建立一個(gè)平衡，所以B選項(xiàng)“提醒他們自己保持忙碌并忘記想家”是不符合題意的。由原文“Makecontactsandfriendsthroughsharedactivitiessuchassportsorotherinterests.”可知，可以通過運(yùn)動(dòng)或其他興趣來結(jié)識(shí)其他朋友，所以C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合題意的，而D選項(xiàng)“跟朋友一起運(yùn)動(dòng)”是正確的。所以答案選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】推斷題型答題技巧。推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。5．閱讀理解

Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.JazzclubsaroundthecitystillhostconcertswithlocaljazzmusicianslikeRobDixonandJoelTucker.Oneoftheseclubs,theChatterboxJazzClub,stillhaslivejazzsevennightsaweek.

ButtherealhistoryofjazzinIndyismuchlesssimple.AlongwiththeAvenue'sculture,jazzmusicwasgonefromthestreetsformanyyears.

IndianaAvenuewastheheartofaneighborhoodalongtheWhiteRiver.Itwasacenterforblackmusicandlivestreetmusic.Thewealthyavoidedthisarea.Soitbecameaplacethatpoorerfamilies,includingmanyAfrican-Americanandimmigrant(移民)families,movedto.

JazzprosperedinthemixofAmericanculturesaroundtheAvenueinthe1930sand1940s.Butinthe1950s,thingschanged.Afterthewar,therewereprojectstomakethecitybeautifulandbuildauniversitynearby.Bothoftheseseemedlikegoodchanges.However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.

Aftermanyyears,Indianapolisrememberedthevalueofitsartsandmusicculture.ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.Onceagain,thehighlivingcostsinthesehistoricartsareaspushedlow-incomefamiliesout.

Todaythereareseveralold-stylejazzclubswherefriendscanmeetuptorememberthepastorjustenjoyasummerevening.Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.（1）WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinParagraph1?A.Jazzclubscanmakebigmoney.B.Jazzmusiciansoftenholdconcerts.C.JazzmusicispopularinIndianapolis.D.JazzcultureisjustpartofIndianapolis'culture.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prospered"inParagraph4mean?A.Disappearedquickly.B.Arrivedsoon.C.Recoveredsoon.D.Developedwell.（3）WhatdidIndianapolisdotobringbackitslostculture?A.Itrebuiltsomeoldimportantareas.B.Itinvitedoldjazzmusicianstosinginthecity.C.Iteducatedpeopleaboutthevalueofmusicculture.D.Itsettledlow-incomefamiliesintheIndianaAvenuecommunity,（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutmodernIndyjazzistrue?A.Itshomecultureisgone.B.Itsstylesaretootraditional.C.Itshowsthesadnessofthepoor.D.Itisnolongerafavoriteoftheyoung.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，2019年爵士樂仍然是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.”現(xiàn)在到了2019年，爵士樂是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分。可知，第一段主要是介紹了爵士樂在印第安納波利斯很受歡迎。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中中的“Butinthe1950s,thingschanged….However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.”但在20世紀(jì)50年代，情況發(fā)生了變化。……然而，新的

大學(xué)和建筑使得貧困家庭不得不離開這個(gè)地區(qū)。這摧毀了印第安納大道社區(qū)，也隨之摧毀了它的爵士樂文化。可知，轉(zhuǎn)折詞but之后描述了爵士樂的衰落，因此推測(cè)出劃線詞prospered意為“興盛、蓬勃發(fā)展”。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.”它開始帶回失落的文化，比如大街上的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂。為此，它開始做出新的改變。這些改變包括修復(fù)像TheAvenue這樣的歷史街區(qū)?？芍?，它重建了一些舊的重要區(qū)域。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.”乍一看，爵士樂似乎又活了起來，但在這些爵士樂俱樂部背后卻有一個(gè)可悲的現(xiàn)實(shí):現(xiàn)代印地安那爵士樂只是曾經(jīng)活躍在印第安納大道上的文化的一個(gè)影子。可知，爵士樂的本土文化消失了。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

There'saworldofdifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy—theformerscaresyouhalftodeathwhilethelatterleavesyourollingonthefloorwithlaughter.Buttrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusicandyoujustmightdecidethey'renotsodifferentafterall.Musicandmovieshavebeencloselyconnectedsincethebeginningofthefilmindustry—evenbeforethevoicesofactorswererecorded.Inmovies,musichelpstoprovideasenseoftimeandplace,conveyideasaboutthecharactersand,mostimportantly,drawemotionsoutoftheaudience.

Studieshavelongshownthatourheartratesandanxietylevelsriseandfalldependingonthespeedofthemusicwehear.Usingthisknowledge,composersusesuddenchangesinfilmmusicspeedtocreatefearamongaudiences.Slowingthespeedofthemusicwillhavetheoppositeeffect,bringingaboutasenseofpeaceoradreamlikequality.Theuseofdissonant(不和諧的)tonesandnoisesisanothertechniquethatheightenstension.Humansnaturallybecomeunnervedwhenweheardissonantsoundsbecausesuchnoisesareusuallyassociatedwithdanger,likethosethatanimalsmaketowarnagainstpredators(捕食者).

Ascrucialasitis,thebestfilmmusicissubtle.Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion—theyshouldn'trealizewhat'scausingit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects.

Inkeepingwiththisprinciple,somefilmmakersareevenusingwhat'scalled"infrasound"(次聲波)toarousefear.Whilewemaynotbeabletohearitbecauseitsfrequencyisbelowtherangeofthehumanear,infrasoundhasbeenproventocauseanxiety,trembleandevensorrow.Forexample,infrasoundwasusedinthesoundtrackofthe2007horrormovieParanormalActivity,andaudiencesreposedextremelyhighfearlevelsdespitethe1ackofactionthroughoutthemovie."Itdoesn'taffecteveryoneequally,"saidBritishsciencewriterPhilipBall,authorofTheMusicInstinct,buthepredictedthat"wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture".（1）Whatisthedifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy?A.

Theirhistory.

B.

Theirbackgroundmusic.

C.

Theiractors.

D.

Theirtimeandplace.（2）Whatcausesfearamongaudiences?A.

Thethemeofthemusic.

B.

Theslowspeedofthetangle.C.

Theknowledgeofthemusic.

D.

Theunexpectedchangeofthemusic.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subtle"inthethirdparagraphmean?A.

Gentle

B.

Wonderful

C.

Notimmediatelyobvious

D.

Notextremelyattractive（4）Whatdoweknowabout"infrasound"fromthelastparagraph?A.

Itcan'tbeknowntopeople.B.

Itmakesaudiencesrelaxed.C.

Itiswithintherangeofthehumanear.D.

Itwillbeusedmoreinmoviesinthefuture.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，電影和音樂的關(guān)系密切，音樂對(duì)于電影影響重大，作者說明了電影制作者如何用音樂來渲染氣氛。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Buttrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusicandyoujustmightdecidethey'renotsodifferentafterall."可知，但是試著在沒有背景音樂的情況下看它們，你可能會(huì)覺得它們并沒有什么不同。所以通過反向推理，要是有了背景音樂，恐怖電影和喜劇電影就截然不同了。故判斷出恐怖電影和喜劇電影的區(qū)別在于他們的背景音樂。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Usingthisknowledge,composersusesuddenchangesinfilmmusicspeedtocreatefearamongaudiences."可知，利用這一知識(shí)，作曲家利用電影音樂速度的突然變化在觀眾中制造恐懼。所以音樂的突然變化會(huì)使觀眾恐懼。故選D。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion—theyshouldn'trealizewhat'scausingit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects."可知，觀眾應(yīng)該感受到的只是一種強(qiáng)烈的情感——他們不應(yīng)該意識(shí)到是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情感。只有當(dāng)音樂被從電影中刪除時(shí)，觀眾才能理解它的影響。所以這段在解釋最好的電影音樂是不易被觀眾察覺的音樂。也就是對(duì)"subtle"的解釋。故第三段加下劃線的"subtle"一詞是C選項(xiàng)“不明顯的”。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"buthepredictedthat"wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture"可知，但他預(yù)測(cè)“我們將來會(huì)看到更多的電影會(huì)使用它”。所以從最后一段可知，"infrasound"將在未來的電影中被更多地使用。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Goingbacktoschoolcanbeananxioustimeformanystudents.ButoneinstitutioninTexasisdoingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn.

Throughaprocesscalledthe"bathroominspirationproject,"teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmurals(壁畫)oneachofthestalls(小隔間).Formingmessageslike"Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou"and"Scatter(撒播)kindness,"thebrightlycoloredwordsareexactlywhatayoungstudentneedstoseewhenhavingaroughday-oranyschooldayforthatmatter.Andnowthatclassesareofficiallyinsession,peoplearealreadynoticingapositiveimpact.

SincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschoolinJuly,PrincipalJoshuaGarciasaysthatthealterationshavearousedagreatresponse.

"Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals,"hesays."Ithinkwhatmakesthissmalllittleactionsovaluableisthatithassetthetoneforourcampus."

Andnotonlyisthatimportanttostudents,parents,andfellowstaff,butitisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryforschools.

"Beingnewtothecampus,IthinktheparentswereabletoseehowmuchIvaluetheirchildrenandhavetheirbestinterestatheart,"Garciacontinues."Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere.Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampusanditsteachers,andbydoingsoweareabletobuildacultureinwhichourstudentswanttobehereandlearn."（1）WhathashappenedatWarrenMiddleSchool?A.Paintinghasbecomepopularamongmoststudents.B.Somestudentshavesufferedgreatanxietyatschool.C.Itstoiletshavebeenbeautifiedwithinspiringwords.D.Motivationalmuralshavebeenmadeineachclassroom.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alterations"inParagraph3probablymean?A.RulesB.ArgumentsC.ChangesD.Opportunities（3）What'sstudentsandparents'attitudetowardthosemurals?A.NegativeB.AmbiguousC.UninterestedD.Supportive（4）WhatdoesGarciaintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Reduceincreasinganxiety.B.Buildanartisticatmosphere.C.Createatrustingenvironment.D.Introduceanewculturetosociety.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，德克薩斯州的一所中學(xué)繪制衛(wèi)生間文化墻，用正能量的語言激勵(lì)學(xué)生，從而獲得學(xué)生和家長的一致好評(píng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughaprocesscalledthe‘bathroominspirationproject,’teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmuralsoneachofthestalls

Formingmessageslike‘Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou’and‘Scatterkindness,’"可知，該中學(xué)用勵(lì)志語言美化了衛(wèi)生間的每一個(gè)小隔間。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“doingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn,”以及本段劃線單詞前面的Sincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschool和后面的havearousedagreatresponse可推知，該校別具一格的特色改變引起了大家的關(guān)注。故alterations在此意為“改變”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals”以及最后一段中的“Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere”可推知，學(xué)生和家長對(duì)學(xué)校的這一舉措持支持態(tài)度。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“itisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryorschools”以及最后一段中Garcia所說的“Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampus”可推知，校長Garcia希望創(chuàng)建一個(gè)家長對(duì)學(xué)校充滿信任的大環(huán)境。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Nobelprizewinnerssometimesdisplayasmuchuniquenesswhendecidinghowtospendtheirprizemoneyastheydidontheworkthatwonthemtheawardinthefirstplace.

WhenSirPaulNursewontheNobelPrizeforMedicinein2001,hedecidedtoupgradehismotorbike.Afellowwinnerin1993,RichardRoberts,installedacroquetlawninfrontofhishouse.AustrianauthorElfriedeJelinek,whowonin2004,saidtheprizemeant"financialindependence."

LarsHeikensten,executivedirectoroftheNobelFoundation,saidtherewerenoobviousshoppingtrendsamongwinners.

"Ithinkitdepen