2025年GRE考試語文練習卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section11.Duringthelate19thcentury,therapidindustrializationoftheUnitedStatesledtoa(n)_______transformationinthenation'surbancenters,characterizedbytheproliferationoffactories,theinfluxofimmigrants,andsignificantchangesinsocialstructures.Despitetheeconomicopportunitiesthisperiodpresented,italsobroughtaboutconsiderable_______formanyordinaryworkers,whofacedharshconditionsandlimitedrights.A.gradualB.revolutionaryC.superficialD.stagnant2.Theanthropologist'stheoryproposedthatculturalpracticesarenotmerelytheresultofindividualchoicesbutaredeeplyembeddedincollective_______andaretransmittedthroughsociallearningmechanismsovergenerations.A.idiosyncrasiesB.ideologiesC.improvisationsD.inheritances3.Theastronomer'slatestfindingssuggestthattheobservedfluctuationsinthestar'sluminositycouldbeattributedtoanorbitingexoplanetwitha_______orbitalperiod,whichchallengespreviousmodelsofplanetarysystemsinthatregionofthegalaxy.A.predictableB.irregularC.synchronousD.hypotheticalSection24.Incontrasttotheprevailingviewthateconomicgrowthinherentlyleadstoenvironmentaldegradation,thenewstudyarguesforamorenuancedrelationship,suggestingthattechnologicaladvancementandpolicyinterventionscanmitigatenegativeexternalitiesandfostersustainabledevelopment.A.controversialB.conventionalC.speculativeD.empirical5.Thecritic'sreviewwas_______foritsinsightfulanalysisofthefilm'snarrativestructureanditsabilitytoconveycomplexemotionalthemeswithoutrelyingonovertmelodrama.A.dismissiveB.laudatoryC.ambiguousD.irreverent6.Duringtheexperiment,theresearchersobservedthatthedrug'sefficacywassignificantlyreducedinthepresenceoftheenzyme,indicatingapotentialmechanismofresistancethatwarrantsfurtherinvestigation.A.negligibleB.enhancedC.compromisedD.amplifiedReadingComprehensionThefollowingpassageisfollowedbysixquestions.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Theconceptof"culturalheritage"hasevolvedsignificantlyovertime.Historically,itwasoftennarrowlydefinedasthepreservationoftangibleartifacts,suchasancientmonumentsorworksofart,primarilyfortheiraestheticorhistoricalvalue.Thisperspectivedominatedduringthe19thandearly20thcenturies,drivenbythecolonialimpulsetocollectanddisplay"exotic"objectsinWesternmuseums.However,thisapproachoftenoverlookedthelivingculturesfromwhichtheseartifactsoriginatedandcouldevencontributetotheirculturalerasure.Ashiftinunderstandingbegantooccurinthemid-20thcentury,influencedbypost-colonialcritiquesandtheriseof民族consciousnessmovements.Scholarsandactivistsarguedthatculturalheritageencompassesnotonlyphysicalobjectsbutalsointangibleelementslikelanguages,oraltraditions,performingarts,andsocialpractices.Thisbroaderdefinitionemphasizesthecontinuityandvitalityofcommunities,recognizingheritageasadynamicforcethatshapesidentityandsocialcohesion.TheUnitedNations教科文組織's1972ConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagefurthersolidifiedthisexpandednotion,advocatingfortheprotectionofsitesthatrepresentoutstandinguniversalvalue.Despitethisbroaderconceptualization,thechallengesofpreservingculturalheritageremainsubstantial.Modernization,globalization,andclimatechangeposesignificantthreatstobothtangibleandintangibleculturalexpressions.Therapidurbanizationinmanydevelopingcountriesleadstothedestructionofhistoricalneighborhoodsandthedisplacementoftraditionalcommunities.Meanwhile,thehomogenizationofglobalculturethreatenstodiluteoreliminateuniquelocalpractices.Furthermore,naturaldisastersandenvironmentaldegradationendangercountlessartifactsandtheecosystemsintertwinedwithintangibleculturaltraditions,suchastraditionalagricultureorindigenousknowledgesystems.Effortstoaddressthesechallengesincreasinglyinvolvecommunity-basedapproaches.Recognizingthatlocalcommunitiesaretheprimarycustodiansoftheirheritage,thereisagrowingemphasisoncollaborativepreservationmodels.Thesemodelsempowercommunitiestoparticipateindecision-makingprocessesrelatedtothemanagementandtransmissionoftheirculturalheritage,ensuringthatpreservationeffortsalignwiththeirownvaluesandpriorities.Techniquessuchasdigitaldocumentation,communityarchives,andthesupportofindigenouseducationplaycrucialrolesinsafeguardingheritage,particularlyintangibleaspectsthataredifficulttofixinphysicalform.However,theeconomicdimensionofculturalheritagepreservationcannotbeignored.Whileheritagecanbeasignificantdriveroftourismandeconomicdevelopment,thebenefitsmustbeequitablysharedwiththecommunitiesinvolved.Sustainableheritagemanagementrequirescarefulplanningtobalancepreservationgoalswitheconomicneeds,ensuringthatheritageresourcescontributetothewell-beingoflocalpopulationsratherthanbecomingmerecommoditiesfortourism.Thisrequirespolicyframeworksthatsupportheritageconservationwhilefosteringinclusiveeconomicopportunities.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastheprimarylimitationofthetraditionalapproachtoculturalheritagepreservation?8.Whatshiftinperspectiveisattributedtopost-colonialcritiquesand民族consciousnessmovementsregardingculturalheritage?9.Thepassagementionsseveralthreatstoculturalheritage.Whichofthefollowingisidentifiedasachallengespecificallyrelatedtointangibleculturalheritage?10.Whatroledocommunity-basedapproachesplayinthepreservationofculturalheritage,accordingtothepassage?11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyrequirementforachievingsustainableheritagemanagement?12.Theword"custodians"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.creatorsB.protectorsC.criticsD.researchers試卷答案1.B2.D3.B4.B5.B6.C7.B8.D9.C10.B11.A12.B解析1.題目考察詞匯辨析和語境理解?！皌ransformation”表明需要一個描述變化的詞?！發(fā)edtoa(n)_______transformation”暗示這種變化是顯著的、根本性的。選項Agradual（漸進的）與transformation搭配可能，但結(jié)合后文“influxofimmigrants,andsignificantchanges”以及“considerable_______formanyordinaryworkers”，暗示變化是劇烈的。選項Brevolutionary（革命性的）最符合這種劇烈變化的語境，特別是與工業(yè)化帶來的社會結(jié)構(gòu)巨變相呼應。選項A、C、D的語義與“significantchanges”和“considerable_______”的語境不太匹配。故選B。2.題目考察詞匯辨析?！癳mbeddedin”表明需要一種內(nèi)在的、基礎性的東西。“transmittedthroughsociallearningmechanisms”表明這是一種可以傳承的東西。選項Aidiosyncrasies（怪癖）與transmitted機制不符。選項Bideologies（意識形態(tài)）可能過于寬泛，不一定指所有文化實踐。選項Cimprovisations（即興創(chuàng)作）與傳承不符。選項Dinheritances（繼承物，傳統(tǒng)）最符合語境，表示文化實踐是深層傳統(tǒng)的一部分，并通過學習代代相傳。故選D。3.題目考察詞匯辨析?！皁rbitalperiod”指的是軌道周期。如果周期是“predictable”（可預測的）或“hypothetical”（假設的），通常不會用“irregular”（不規(guī)則的）來特別強調(diào)其反常性，除非是為了與已知模型對比。題目強調(diào)的是這種不規(guī)則的周期“challengespreviousmodels”，暗示這種不規(guī)則性是關鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項Birregular直接點明了這種反常性，是描述此類挑戰(zhàn)性發(fā)現(xiàn)時常用的詞。選項A、C、D的語義與句意不符。故選B。4.題目考察詞匯辨析。“Incontrasttotheprevailingview”表明需要與主流觀點相反的詞?！癮rguesforamorenuancedrelationship”表明作者主張一種更復雜的看法。選項Acontroversial（有爭議的）可能不準確，作者是在提出新觀點，不一定是引發(fā)爭議。選項Bconventional（傳統(tǒng)的，常規(guī)的）與“prevailingview”和“nuancedrelationship”形成最鮮明的對比，符合文意，指新觀點挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)看法。選項Cspeculative（推測的）可能只是新觀點的一種性質(zhì)，不一定是最核心的對比點。選項Dempirical（實證的）與conventional不構(gòu)成直接對比。故選B。5.題目考察詞匯辨析?！癟hecritic'sreviewwas_______”表明需要描述評論性質(zhì)的詞。“insightfulanalysis”和“abilitytoconveycomplexemotionalthemeswithoutrelyingonovertmelodrama”表明評論是正面的。選項Adismissive（不以為然的）是負面的。選項Blaudatory（稱贊的，表揚的）與正面的描述一致，符合語境。選項Cambiguous（模糊的）描述評論內(nèi)容，而不是評論本身的性質(zhì)。選項Dirreverent（不尊敬的）是負面的。故選B。6.題目考察詞匯辨析?！癳fficacywassignificantlyreduced”表明藥物的效果變差了?！癷ndicatingapotentialmechanismofresistance”解釋了原因。選項Anegligible（可以忽略不計的）程度過重。選項Benhanced（增強的）與reduced相反。選項Ccompromised（受損的，妥協(xié)的）可以描述efficacy的降低，符合語境，表示藥物的有效性受到了損害。選項Damplified（放大的）與reduced相反。故選C。7.題目考查細節(jié)定位與理解。根據(jù)第一段，“Historically,itwasoftennarrowlydefinedasthepreservationoftangibleartifacts...Thisperspectivedominated...However,thisapproachoftenoverlookedthelivingculturesfromwhichtheseartifactsoriginatedandcouldevencontributetotheirculturalerasure.”傳統(tǒng)方法narrowlydefined，僅僅關注tangibleartifacts（有形文物），而忽略了artifacts的文化背景（livingcultures）及其后果（culturalerasure）。選項B"Itfocusedprimarilyonthepreservationofphysicalobjectswithoutconsideringtheirculturalcontextorthecommunitiestheybelongedto."最準確地概括了傳統(tǒng)方法的局限性，即只關注物質(zhì)本身，不考慮文化背景和社群。故選B。8.題目考查細節(jié)定位與理解。根據(jù)第二段，“Scholarsandactivistsarguedthatculturalheritageencompassesnotonlyphysicalobjectsbutalsointangibleelements...Thisbroaderdefinitionemphasizesthecontinuityandvitalityofcommunities,recognizingheritageasadynamicforcethatshapesidentityandsocialcohesion.Thisshiftinunderstandingbegantooccurinthemid-20thcentury,influencedbypost-colonialcritiquesandtheriseof民族consciousnessmovements.”這段明確指出，后殖民批判和民族意識運動（post-colonialcritiquesandtheriseof民族consciousnessmovements）推動了理解上的轉(zhuǎn)變（shiftinunderstanding），這個轉(zhuǎn)變是認識到文化遺產(chǎn)不僅包括物質(zhì)，還包括非物質(zhì)元素，并強調(diào)其對社群身份和凝聚力的重要性。選項D"Arecognitionthatculturalheritageincludesintangibleelementsandisvitalforcommunityidentity"最準確地反映了這種由后殖民批判和民族意識運動帶來的視角轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D。9.題目考查細節(jié)定位與理解。根據(jù)第三段，“Despitethisbroaderconceptualization,thechallengesofpreservingculturalheritageremainsubstantial.Modernization,globalization,andclimatechangeposesignificantthreatstobothtangibleandintangibleculturalexpressions.Therapidurbanization...leadstothedestructionofhistoricalneighborhoodsandthedisplacementoftraditionalcommunities.Meanwhile,thehomogenizationofglobalculturethreatenstodiluteoreliminateuniquelocalpractices.Furthermore,naturaldisastersandenvironmentaldegradationendangercountlessartifactsandtheecosystemsintertwinedwithintangibleculturaltraditions,suchastraditionalagricultureorindigenousknowledgesystems.”這段明確提到了對intangibleculturaltraditions（非物質(zhì)文化傳統(tǒng)）的威脅，例如“homogenizationofglobalculturethreatenstodiluteoreliminateuniquelocalpractices”以及“ecosystemsintertwinedwithintangibleculturaltraditions,suchastraditionalagricultureorindigenousknowledgesystems”。選項C"Thethreatposedbyglobalizationleadingtothehomogenizationofculture,whichdilutesuniquelocalpractices."最準確地指出了由全球化帶來的同質(zhì)化威脅，這是對非物質(zhì)文化傳統(tǒng)（獨特地方實踐）的特定威脅。故選C。10.題目考查細節(jié)定位與理解。根據(jù)第四段，“Effortstoaddressthesechallengesincreasinglyinvolvecommunity-basedapproaches.Recognizingthatlocalcommunitiesaretheprimarycustodiansoftheirheritage,thereisagrowingemphasisoncollaborativepreservationmodels.Thesemodelsempowercommunitiestoparticipateindecision-makingprocessesrelatedtothemanagementandtransmissionoftheirculturalheritage,ensuringthatpreservationeffortsalignwiththeirownvaluesandpriorities.”這段明確指出，“l(fā)ocalcommunitiesaretheprimarycustodiansoftheirheritage”（當?shù)厣缛菏亲陨砦幕z產(chǎn)的首要保管者），并強調(diào)基于社群的方法（community-basedapproaches）。題目問的是社區(qū)方法的作用，根據(jù)“empowercommunitiestoparticipateindecision-makingprocesses...ensuringthatpreservationeffortsalignwiththeirownvaluesandpriorities”（賦權(quán)社群參與決策，確保保護工作符合自身價值觀和優(yōu)先事項），社區(qū)方法的核心作用是賦權(quán)社群，讓他們能夠參與并主導保護過程。選項B"Theyempowerlocalcommunitiestoparticipateinthedecision-makingandmanagementoftheirownheritage."最準確地概括了社區(qū)方法的作用。故選B。11.題目考查細節(jié)定位與理解。根據(jù)第五段，“However,theeconomicdimensionofculturalheritagepreservationcannotbeignored.Whileheritagecanbeasignificantdriveroftourism