專題10并列句和狀語從句目目錄學(xué)考要求速覽必備知識梳理高頻考點精講進階分級練考點一并列連詞和連詞短語的用法1.連詞and.or,so,for.but的用法and表并列或順承關(guān)系用于“祈使句，and+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)or意為“或者”，表示任選其一意為“否則”，用于“祈使句，or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)so表示因果關(guān)系for表示原因，及附帶理由but“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系2.并列連詞短語neither…nor…,either…or…,both…and…,notonly…butalso…的用法neither--nor-既不--也不,謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”either--or--或者--或者--，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”both--and--兩者都，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式notonly--butalso不但--而且-，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”【溫馨提示】neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞要和最近的主語保持一致，即就近原則；both...and連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。Notonlyisheateacher,butheis(also)apoet.EithershegoesorIgo.

Neitherdoeshesmokenordoeshedrink.【延伸拓展】連詞的分類1.and,both...and...,neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，aswellas表并列、遞進或順承關(guān)系2.but,yet,nevertheless表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系3.either...or...，not...but...,or,orelse,ratherthan表選擇關(guān)系4.for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首),so表因果關(guān)系5.祈使句+and+陳述句，and表順承；祈使句+or+陳述句，or表轉(zhuǎn)折and與or用并列句Sticktoyourprinciples,andyouwillwinthrough.Seizethechance,oryou'llregret.6.while強調(diào)對比關(guān)系，意為“然而；而”表對比Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesleadtotheopposite.7.并列連詞when構(gòu)成的句型(1)sb.isdoing…

when…

某人正在做……這時/突然……(2)sb.isabouttodo/onthepointofdoing…

when…

某人正要做……這時/突然……(3)sb.had(just)done…

when…

某人剛剛做……就……IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.ShewasonthepointofleavingwhenIarrived.Shehadjustlaiddownwhenthetelephonerang.

考點二時間狀語從句1.when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句when從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。譯為“當(dāng)……時；在……期間”。while從句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生as從句謂語一般為延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生或交替進行，可譯為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著……”WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.我住在那里時，星期天常到海濱去。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.在別人工作的時候，請別這么大聲音說話。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越溫暖了。注意：如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進行時表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作時，when/while/as可以互換使用。while表示“在……期間”，從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞。when還可表原因，意為“既然”。2.before與since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句(1)before與since的常用句式。連詞常用句式beforeItwillbe＋一段時間＋before...過……時間才……Itwillnotbe/wasnotlong＋before...不久就會/沒多久就……Itwas＋時間段＋before...過了……(時間)才……sinceItis/hasbeen＋一段時間＋since...(從句用一般過去時)Itwas＋一段時間＋since...(從句用過去完成時)Itwillbefourhoursbeforehisflightarrives.要過四個小時之后，他的航班才會抵達。Itwastenyearsbeforethecouplemetagain.十年之后，這對夫婦才再次相見。since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動詞，所表示的動作自從句謂語動詞所表示的動作開始時算起；若用延續(xù)性動詞，所表示的動作自從句謂語的動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時算起。Itisfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.自戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來已有四年了?！癐tbe＋時間狀語＋that＋其他”構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型，意思是“正是在某一時間發(fā)生了某事”。Itwasateighto'clockthatwegothome.正是在八點我們到了家。(4)“Itbe＋時間點＋when從句”表示“某事發(fā)生在什么時間”，it指代時間。Itwassixo'clockwhenwegothome.當(dāng)我們到家的時候六點了。表示“一......就......”assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)從句中常用一般時態(tài)代替將來時?！皁n＋v.-ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)v.-ing和n.在意義上相對應(yīng)時，這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)可以互換。nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...句型的時態(tài)運用：主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時，而than與when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外，當(dāng)把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時，應(yīng)用倒裝語序。Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork，shewasfilledwithjoy.我姑姑苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.→Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.→Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhenthestudentsstartedcheering.他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始歡呼起來。4.till,until和not...until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句(1)“延續(xù)性動詞(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“動作延續(xù)到……為止”。(2)“瞬間動詞/延續(xù)性動詞(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才發(fā)生”。(3)強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你有不懂的東西，你可以研究、學(xué)習(xí)以及和其他人進行交談，直到你把它弄明白。Shedidn’tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.直到學(xué)生們安靜下來后，她才開始上課。易錯點：(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)notuntil置于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。5.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等。考點三條件狀語從句1.if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless(＝if...not)表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。2.incase,onconditionthat,providing(that),provided(that)，supposing(that),suppose(that)等詞匯意思相近，意為“萬一，假使，假如，在……條件下”。3.aslongas(＝solongas)引導(dǎo)語氣強烈的條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。4.在“祈使句＋and/or/orelse/otherwise＋陳述句”句型中，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。5.ifonly“如果……就好了”和onlyif“只有”也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。但是當(dāng)onlyif置于句首時，主句部分倒裝。You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會考試不及格。IfonlyIwereascleverasyou.我要是像你一樣聰明就好了。Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還能求助于誰？考點四讓步狀語從句1.although，though，as和while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句though/althoughthough引導(dǎo)的從句可用倒裝語序，也可不倒裝；although引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝；though可用作副詞，意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，置于句末。asas引導(dǎo)的從句必須用倒裝語序：表語/狀語/動詞原形＋as/though＋主語＋其他，若表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前置時要省略冠詞。whilewhile引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能置于句首。(√)Smartthough/assheis，shedoesn'tstudyhard.(√)Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.雖然雨下得很大，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。Hesaidhewouldcome；hedidn't，though.他說他會來，可是沒有來。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.盡管我承認有問題存在，但我并不認為這些問題不能解決。2.evenif與eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，表示語氣更強的讓步，意為“即使，即便”。Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.蒂姆盡管不怎么鍛煉，但體形很好。Eventhough/ifitrainstomorrow,we'llgothere.(陳述語氣)即使明天下雨，我們也要去那里。EvenifIwantedtomarryyou,myparentswouldnotagree.(虛擬語氣)即使我想和你結(jié)婚，我父母也不會同意。3.“疑問詞＋-ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋-ever表示“無論……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.總的來說，孩子想要什么就給什么是不明智的。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不減少飯量，減肥很難。易錯點：whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。Youcantakewhateveryoulike.(賓語從句)你喜歡什么就可以拿什么。4.whether...or...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句whether...or...意為“無論……還是……”，提供兩種對比情況。Allpeople，whethertheyareoldoryoung，richorpoor，havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.所有人，無論衰老還是年輕，富裕還是貧窮，都一直在盡他們所能幫助災(zāi)后需要幫助的人們。Whethershecomeshereorwegothere,thetopicofthediscussionwillremainunchanged.不管是她來這兒還是我們?nèi)ツ莾?，討論的話題都不會變?？键c五地點狀語從句地點狀語從句是指在復(fù)合句中作地點狀語的從句，表示空間關(guān)系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由從屬連詞where,wherever等引導(dǎo)。WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.我們應(yīng)到黨最需要我們的地方去。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你愿意去哪里就去哪里?？键c六目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(以防)，lest等。1.sothat與inorderthat這兩個連詞都表示“為了，以便”，引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句常與情態(tài)動詞can,could，may,might等連用。inorderthat引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于主句之前或之后，而sothat引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。2.forfearthat表示“生怕，以免”，incase表示“以防”。Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.大點聲講，以便大廳里的人都能聽見。Inorderthatwegetthereontime，weshouldsetoutearly.為了準(zhǔn)時趕到那里，我們應(yīng)該早點出發(fā)。Batteriesmustbekeptindryplacesforfearthatelectricityshouldleakaway.電池應(yīng)該放在干燥的地方，以免漏電。I'llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.我給你留個座位，沒準(zhǔn)兒你會改變主意。考點七原因狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞主要有：because,as,since等。并列連詞for也可表示原因。每個連詞的含義不盡相同。連詞位置內(nèi)涵語氣回答why被強調(diào)because(因為)主句前或后直接因果關(guān)系強能能as(由于)主句前或后雙方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/nowthat(既然)通常位于主句前for(因為)位于句后用于補充說明的原因弱不能不能Hewascriticizedbytheteacher,becausehewaslateforclass.因為他遲到了，老師批評了他。Ican'tgowithyou,asIhavealotofworktodo.我不能和你一起去，因為我有很多工作要做。Sinceeveryoneishere,wecanbeginourdiscussion.既然大家都在這兒，我們可以開始討論了。2.when(既然)，也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldwalkthereinfiveminutes.既然步行5分鐘就能到那里，你卻去乘出租汽車，真夠愚蠢的。3.其他詞引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句seeingthat(鑒于，由于),consideringthat(考慮到),inthat(因為)，nowthat既然,giventhat考慮到,forthereasonthat因為Nowthatyouareahighschoolstudent,youareresponsibleforwhatyoudo.既然是高中生了，你就要為你的行為負責(zé)。Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there’snoreasonthatweshouldnowhelphim.他既然曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們，我們現(xiàn)在沒有理由來幫助他。Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考慮到她喜歡孩子，我可以肯定教書是最適合她的職業(yè)?？键c八結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞或短語有sothat,so...that...,such...that...。1.結(jié)構(gòu)形式eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句,so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句,\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),much/little（少）＋不可數(shù)名詞))))＋that從句))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞,such＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),))＋that從句,such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句))2.當(dāng)so或such置于句首時，主句要用倒裝語序。Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.他是一個如此聰明的學(xué)生，以至于他能解決所有的難題。Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗戶都被震破了?？键c一：并列連詞和連詞短語例1.—Didn’tyougiveadvicetoyourfriendonlearning?—Oh,notonlymyfriend________hisfriendsgotadvice.A.or B.and C.butalso D.until例2.You’llspeakEnglishwell________youkeeppracticing.A.though B.while C.if D.before例3.Iwouldhavebeenabletocatchthefirstflighthome,________mywatchbetrayedme.1.Trytobethemasterofyourlife.Lifeisahorseand________yourideit________itridesyou.A.either,or B.neither,nor C.both,and D.notonly,butalso2.Atruefriendcanseethepaininyoureyes________othersbelievethesmileonyourfaceA.because B.while C.before D.until3.Youwillpasstheexameasily________youstudyhard.A.if B.where C.why D.how4.Let’ssetoutrightnow,________wewillbelateforourflight.A.and B.or C.but D.so5.Sweetsnackscangiveusenergy,________theyarenothealthy.A.and B.or C.but D.then考點二：時間狀語從句例1.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It’sbeenyears________Ienjoyedmyselfthatmuch.A.after B.before C.when D.since例2.Itwasevening________wereachedthelittletown.A.till B.that C.since D.before例3.Manywomenexperienceatimeofsadness________theygivebirthtoababy.1.________environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearstorecover.A.Since B.While C.Before D.Once2.—________Igettotheairport,I’llphoneyou.—OK.I’llpickyouupthere.A.Since B.Assoonas C.Unless D.Although3.________hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.Whenitwas B.Itwaswhen C.Wasitwhen D.Whenwasit4.—Whendidyougotobedlastnight?—Ididn’tgotobed________myfathergothome.A.whileB.afterC.whenD.until5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret________someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.when D.while考點三：條件狀語從句例1.Youwillpasstheexameasily________youstudyhard.A.if B.where C.why D.how例2.Theparkrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedtoplayontheslide,________accompaniedbyanadult.A.if B.when C.unless D.since例3.________youeatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.A.Eventhough B.Ifonly C.Onlywhen D.Onlyif1.Ifit________raintomorrow,we________gohiking.A.don't,will B.won't,areC.won't,will D.doesn't,will2.Hewillgetajobmoreeasily________hemakeshiscomputerskillsbetter.A.if B.before C.while D.though3.It'snotawasteoftimeandenergy________yougainexperiencerelatedtoyourjob.A.evenif B.eversince C.aslongas D.asthough4.Wewillgoonanoutingtomorrow________itdoesn'train.A.until B.while C.unless D.if7.We'llhaveapicnicintheparkthisSunday________itrainsorit'sverycold.A.since B.if C.unless D.until考點四：讓步狀語從句例1.________difficultmylifemaybe,Iwillnevergiveintothefate.例2.Allpeople,________theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.例3.________yougo,youwillalwaysfindpeoplewhoarekindandwillingtohelp.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.Whatever D.Whichever1.________DavidBeckhamgoes,heisalwayswelcome.A.Whichever B.However C.Wherever D.Whatever2.________themanisn’tveryrich,hegivesalargeamountofmoneytothestudentseveryyear.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.If3.Davidstillworkshard________hehasmadegreatprogress.A.because B.though C.unless D.if4.Someteenscannotbecontrolledbytheirparents,________theparentstryhardtocontrolthem.A.evenif B.asthough C.nowthat D.incase5.________,healwaysmakestimeforhisfamily.A.Nomatterheisbusy B.NomatterhowbusyheisC.Howeverheisbusy

D.Howeverbusyishe考點五：地點和原因狀語從句例1.Youarealwayslookingforyourkeys.Remembertoleavethings________youcanfindthemnexttime.A.what B.which C.where D.how例2.Hehasreadalotofbooksonarts________hewantstobeanartistinthefuture.A.because B.though C.once D.unless1.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark________youhaveanyquestions.A.which B.that C.though D.where2.Hecamebacklate________therewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.A.because B.unless C.though D.otherwise3.Theydidn'tgocamping________itrainedheavily.A.because B.and C.so D.or4.________itissohot,Iguesswecan’tdoanythinguntilafterdark.A.Incase B.Nowthat C.Evenif D.Asthough考點六：目的,結(jié)果狀語從句例1.Hespokesoquickly________hisstudentscouldn’tfollowhim.例2.StudentsshouldattendLabourCourses________theycanlearnsomelifeskills.A.if B.unless C.sothat D.inorderto1.Alltherestaurantsarelistedonthepaper________youcanchooseonetohaveluncheasily.A.although B.because C.sothat D.if2.Wewillsitinthefrontofthehall________wecanhearthespeakerclearly.A.soasto B.inorderto C.inorderthat D.suchthat3.Jimputatableandchairinthespareroom________hissoncouldhaveaprivateplacetostudy.A.evenif B.onlyif C.forfearthat D.inorderthat4.Theproblemis________difficultthat________studentscanworkitout.A.so;afew B.so;little C.so;few D.so;alittle一、單項選擇1.Theparkrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedtoplayontheslide,________accompaniedbyanadult.A.if B.when C.unless D.since2.________themanisn’tveryrich,hegivesalargeamountofmoneytothestudentseveryyear.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.If3.Aftercleaninguptheclassroom,Ifelttired________happy.A.nor B.but C.or D.so4.Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A.while B.although C.until D.unless5.MymotherisalwayswarningmewhenIgoout,“Don’tgetoffthebus________itisstopping.”A.until B.before C.while D.after6.Ibelieveyouwillhaveawonderfultimehere________yougettoknoweveryoneelse.A.though B.asifC.once D.sothat7.________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing8.Howcantheylearnsomuch________theyspendsuchalotoftimehangingabout?A.although B.whenC.before D.until9.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety________ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.what B.that C.which D.though10.________withheavyloadsofteaching________helaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu.A.Sotiredwastheteacher；that B.Theteacherwassotired；whichC.Tiredastheteacher；that D.Suchwasthetiredteacher；which二、單句語法填空1.Wepost-2000sgenerationsarenotalostgeneration,________agenerationthatcancontributetothefutureofourcountry.2.Kidscantesttheirskills________comparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.3.Hehadbeenallowedtowearthecapforashortperiod,________(provide)hishandswerecleanwhenheputiton.4.________metwithskepticismatfirst,hisfindingsgraduallygainedacceptance.5.Youcan’tgotajob________you’vegotexperience.6.It’sbeenyears________theyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.7.Idreamedofenteringcycleraces________IflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.8.________Iwaswalkinginthepark,Imetanoldfriend.9.________talentedyou’vebeeninmusic,it’sstillnoteasytoorganizeaband,buthere’saquickguidetogetyoustarted.10.________thelionswereawakened,theyperformedalivelyflyingdance.一、閱讀理解ADearEditor,AfterIattendedyoursummercampabouthealthandlifestylechoices,IrealisedIhardlyeverfeltwell,eitherphysicallyormentally.Ioftenfeltsleepyanddizzy,andlackedpassion.Mostworrying,though,Igottheflueasilyandexperiencedmanytoothaches,too.AttheendofthecampIheard,“Changetheworldbychangingyourself.”Thisstimulatedmymotivation.Adentistonceexaminedmeandtoldmethattoomuchsugarinmymealshaddamagedmyteethandhealth.Imadeupmymindtochangetwothingsinmylife:toeatnothingwithsugarandtoexerciseregularly.AfterthatIstoppedbuyingallthesweets,biscuits,andsugarydrinksthatIusedtohaveeveryday.WheneverIwentoutwithfriends,Ibroughtsnacksfromhome,thingsthatdidn’thaveanyaddedsugar:fruit,nuts,driedmeat,etc.Myexercisewasverysimple:Iwentoutsideeverydayforatleast30minutesanddidsomethingactive.SometimesIplayedtabletennisorbadmintonwithmycousins.OthertimesIjumpedonmyskateboardandrodearoundmyneighbourhood,orjusttookalongwalk.Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Ifeelmoredynamicandstrongerthanever,inbothbodyandmind.Isleepsoundlyatnightnow.Inolongersufferfromafluvirusortoothacheseither.Bestofall,inmyopinion,ishowIfeelaboutmyself.IfeellikeI’mincontrolofmyownlife.Tomakechoicesaboutmyselfiswithinmyownpower.ICANchangemyself.Ijustneedtotry.Yourstruly,WangLuDearEditor,AsItookpartinthesummercampaboutpersonallifechoices,Istartedtoanalysemychoices,especiallywhatIdidtorelaxandhowitwasaffectingmywholelife.Afterstartinghighschool,Ifeltstressedoutandalwaysrelaxedbyplayingcomputergames.IgotsoabsorbedthatIplayedthegamesdayandnight.Playingwasfun,butIfeltevenmorewornoutafterwards!Soafterthecamp,Irealisedthatitwasvery,veryimportanttoadjustmylifestyle.Idecidedtotakecontrolofmylifeandfindotherwaystorelax.ItwasabigstrugglenottojoinmyfriendsinplayingonlinegamesasI’mmadforthem.However,Irealisedthattosucceedinquitting,Ihadtoreplaceitwithsomethingelse.SoIthoughtaboutwhattotry.Rockclimbing,bowling,watchingcomedies,andplayingbasketballwerethethingsIthoughtofdoinginstead.NowmydadandIgorockclimbingtogethermonthly!Ithasenhancedthequalityofmylife,improvingmyhealthandincreasingmyhappiness.Igetrefreshedthroughclimbing,spendmoretimewithmydad,andgettomeetnewfriends.Aftersixmonthsoftryingoutnewwaysofrelaxing,Ifeelmuchmoreenergetic.IfeelthatIcanchangemyselfforthebetter.Andifthat’strueforme,thenitmighttrulybepossibletochangetheworldforthebetter.AsGandhisaid,“Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.”Sincerely,GeorgeFielding1.WhatdidWangLumostworryabout?A.Hernotfeelingwellphysically.B.Herfeelingdizzyandsleepy.C.Herlackingpassion.D.Hergettingthefluandtoothacheseasily.2.WhydidWangLudeterminetochangelifestylechoices?A.Thecampabouthealthandlifestylechoicesended.B.Shewasencouragedbywhatsheheardatthesummercamp.C.Sheintendedtochangetheworldbychangingherself.D.Herdentistgaveheralotofmotivation.3.WhatmadeGeorgeFieldingbecomeinvolvedinhisbadhabit?A.Attendingthesummercamp.B.Beingwornout.C.Beingundergreatpressureatschool.D.Havingnothingtodobutrelax.4.WhatdothetwostudentsWangLuandGeorgeFieldinghaveincommon?A.Theyhavegotridofbadhabitsandbecomeenergeticnow.B.Theyusedtolikeeatingtoomuchsugar.C.Theyusedtobeaddictedtoplayingcomputergames.BIn2021,my68-year-oldmotherwasdiagnosed(診斷)withAlzheimer’s(阿爾茨海默病).ByJanuary2023,she’dlostherabilitytocompleteeverydaytasks.Shewassetonstayinginherhomeandresistedthein-homecare.Iguesseditwasbecauseofwhatitrepresented:theacceptanceofadiseasethatwouldslowlyrobherofhermemoriesandtheabilitytotakecareofherself.Wehadtomakethehardchoiceoffindingheranursinghomeforhersafetyandwell-being.Butweknewshewouldn’tbeinterested.So,wemadeupanexcuse,tellingherthatitwasanopportunitytospendthewinternearmybrotherinsunnyFloridawhilelivingatanapartmentwehadarrangedforher.Mymumwasn’tthesoft,affectionatemotherIoftenlongedfor.Shehadnevershownortalkedaboutherfeelings,butshewasagreatexampleofahard-working,independent,entrepreneurialwoman.MybrotherandIbothhaveourownbusinesses,whichissomethingsheshoweduswaspossible.Sinceherdiagnosis,watchingherbattlewithacceptingwhatwashappeningtoherwasheartbreaking,butIalsofeltclosertoherwhenshebegantoexpressandshareherfeelingswithmelikeakid.Mybrotherarrivedtomeetusandwewereshowntoherapartment.Asmallkitchen,alivingroom,abathroom,andtwobedrooms—oneforher,andoneformeandmybrothertostayinwhenwevisited.Sheseemedhappyduringmovingin.Forthenext10days,Ilivedwithherthere.Wewenttomealstogether,reviewedtheactivityschedule,andIdroppedheroffandpickedheruplikeachildatschool.ThedaycamewhenIhadtoflyhome,andIcried.AsIshiftedfrombeingherdaughtertobeingmorelikeherparent,Irealizedhowhardbeingamothercanbe.5.Whymighttheauthor’smotherresistin-homecare?A.Shepreferredlivingalone.B.Shedislikedthecaregivers.C.Shefearedlosingindependence.D.SheintendedtomovetoFlorida.6.Howdidtheauthorandherbrotherconvincetheirmothertomovetothenursinghome?A.Theytoldherawhitelie.B.Theythreatenedhertogo.C.Theyofferedherafreeapartment.D.Theyagreedtokeephercompany.7.Whatkindofpersonwastheauthor’smotherbeforethediagnosis?A.Talkativeanddetermined. B.Reservedbutresponsible.C.Energeticandgentle. D.Creativebutcold.8.Howdoestheauthorfeelafterherrolechange?A.Confused. B.Content.C.Awkward. D.Appreciative.CAsnightfallsintherainforest,orangutans(猩猩)climbhighintothetreetopstobuildtreenests(巢).Thesecarefullyconstructedbedsprovidewarmth,comfort,andprotectionagainstnaturalenemiesandmosquitoes.Scientistshavelongbeencuriousabouthowyoungorangutanslearnsuchacomplexskill.Recentresearchshowsthattheylearnitthroughobservationandpractice—aprocessknownasobservationalsociallearning.Nest-buildingisessentialfororangutansurvival.Itisneitherpurelyinbornnorquicklymastered.Constructinganestrequiresphysicalstrength,cleverhands,anddecision-makingregardingmaterialsandstructure.Nightnestsareespeciallywell-designed,oftenfeaturinglinings,pillows,andevenroofs.Thismakesnest-buildingachallengingtask.Youngorangutansbegintoshowinterestinnest-buildingataroundsixmonthsold.Theystartpracticingsimpledaynestsataboutoneyearofage,butnightnestconstructionbeginsaroundagethreeandisnotfullymastereduntiltheyareabouteightyearsold.Moreadvancedskills,suchasbuildingacrossmultipletreesoraddingcomfortfeatures,developevenlater.Akeyfindingisthatyoungorangutanslearnprimarilybycloselywatchingtheirmothersbuildnests.Thosewhopaidcloseattentionweremorelikelytoattemptpracticesoonafterward.Simplybeingnearthemotherwithoutactiveobservationdidnothavethesameeffect.Thishighlightstheroleoffocusedattentioninsociallearning.Additionally,youngorangutanspayspecialattentiontocomplexaspectsofconstruction,suchasmulti-treesupportsandcomfortelements.Afterobservingthesechallengingsteps,theypracticethemmorefrequently.Astheygrowolder,theyalsoobserveothermembersofthegroup,broadeningtheirlearningsources.Materialselectionisalsosociallylearned.Youngorangutanstendtousethesametreespeciesastheirmothers.Astheygrowolder,theyexperimentwithothermaterials,butadultsoftenreturntothetreespeciestheirmothersused.Thisstudyhighlightsthatnest-buildingtraditionsareculturallypasseddownacrossgenerations.Thelossoforangutanpopulationsortheirhabitatscouldthereforemeanthedisappearanceofuniqueculturalknowledge.Thisresearchnotonlyshowstheintelligenceandculturalrichnessoforangutans,butalsoemphasizestheimportanceoftheirconservation.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheprocessofyoungorangutanslearningnest-building?A.Gradual. B.Painful. C.Inefficient. D.Independent.10.Howdoyoungorangutansmainlylearntobuildnests?A.Bytrialanderror. B.Byobservingtheirmothers.C.Throughnaturalbehavior. D.Fromotheryoungorangutans.11.Whatdoyoungorangutansfocusespeciallyonwhenlearningnest-building?A.Quicknest-buildingskills. B.Complexconstructionaspects.C.Simpledayneststructures. D.Raretreespeciesformaterials.12.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Habitsoforangutans. B.Thenecessityoflearning.C.Waystoprotectorangutans. D.Thesignificanceofthestudy.DIfsomeoneaskedwhetheryoulikethearts,you’dprobablysayyoudoatleastintheory.Accordingtoasurvey,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.adultssaythearts“l(fā)iftmeupbeyondeverydayexperiences”.However,only30percentattendedaconcertofanytypein2017;23percentwenttoanartmuseum.Fewerthanhalfactivelycreatedartofanykind.Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.Maybeyouliketoplayalittlebackgroundmusicwhileyouworkordothechores,butevenbeforethepandemic,mostofusrarely,ifever,sawaliveperformance,letalonevisitedagalleryorwatchedaplay.Toooften,weletthedullrealityoflifegetinthewayofthearts.Butthisisamistake.Theartsaretheoppositeofanescapefromreality;theymightjustbethemostrealisticglimpseweevergetintothenatureandmeaningoflife.Ifyoumaketimeforconsumingandproducingtheartsthesamewayyoumaketimeforworkandexerciseandfamilycommitments,Iassureyouthatyou’llfindyourlifegettingfullerandhappier.Thinkofatimewhenyouheardapieceofmusicandwantedtocry.Ormaybeyourdizzinessstruckasyoucameoutfromanarrowsidestreetinanunfamiliarcity.Thereyoufoundyourselfinabeautifultownsquareasifinafantasy.Theyprobablystimulated(刺激)asuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthattheartsarepurepleasurestoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseethemasaluxuryite