第95頁(yè)300MW發(fā)電廠煤粉鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)摘要目錄TOC\t"標(biāo)題1,1,標(biāo)題2,2,標(biāo)題3,3,Abstract,1"摘要 …………………...I目錄 …………………III第一章概述 5第二章鍋爐基本結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助計(jì)算 112.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 112.1.1設(shè)計(jì)題目 112.1.2原始數(shù)據(jù) 112.2燃料特性 122.3輔助計(jì)算 132.3.1燃燒產(chǎn)物容積計(jì)算 132.3.2空氣平衡及焓溫表 142.3.3熱平衡與燃料消耗量計(jì)算 16第三章燃燒室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算 183.1鍋爐爐膛布置 183.1.1爐膛簡(jiǎn)介 183.1.2爐膛和屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 193.2爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 223.3爐膛熱力計(jì)算 24第四章過(guò)熱器、再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算 264.1屏式過(guò)熱器 264.1.1屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 264.1.2屏式過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算 284.2高溫過(guò)熱器 344.2.1高溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 344.2.2高溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算 384.3高溫再熱器 434.3.1高溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 434.3.2高溫再熱器熱力計(jì)算 474.4轉(zhuǎn)向室 504.4.1轉(zhuǎn)向室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 504.4.2轉(zhuǎn)向室熱力計(jì)算 514.5低溫過(guò)熱器 534.5.1低溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 534.5.2低溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算 554.6低溫再熱器 594.6.1低溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 594.6.2低溫再熱器熱力計(jì)算 614.7熱量分配 65第五章省煤器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算 665.1省煤器 665.2省煤器結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 675.3省煤器熱力計(jì)算 69第六章空氣預(yù)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算 716.1空氣預(yù)熱器 716.2回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 726.3回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器熱力計(jì)算 736.3.1回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器熱段熱力計(jì)算 736.3.2回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器冷段熱力計(jì)算 75第七章整體熱平衡校核 77參考文獻(xiàn) 80附錄 ………………….81第95頁(yè)第一章概述鍋爐的發(fā)展分為鍋和爐兩部分，伴隨用電的增多，我國(guó)開(kāi)始發(fā)展600MW和1000MW機(jī)組，但還是仍然有許多300MW機(jī)組的鍋爐。本次我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是300MW煤粉鍋爐的熱力以及燃燒系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。我本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的主要部分是熱力計(jì)算，按照已知條件以及計(jì)算目標(biāo)，有設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算以及校核計(jì)算兩種計(jì)算方式。尾氣可以為我國(guó)居住的人民集中供熱，提供人民生活所需要的不同參數(shù)的蒸汽量。天然氣的資源的存量在中國(guó)比較少，開(kāi)采更是十分的難，所以對(duì)于很多電廠來(lái)說(shuō)只能改進(jìn)減排方案?；鹆Πl(fā)電廠中，煤炭燃燒會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多的熱，化學(xué)能可以轉(zhuǎn)換成為熱能；熱能使水在鍋爐中產(chǎn)生一些高溫高壓的蒸汽，通過(guò)汽輪機(jī)呢蒸汽把熱能轉(zhuǎn)化成為機(jī)械能，然后形成了凝結(jié)水汽，熱能又轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能；再然后凝結(jié)水與冷卻水一起，進(jìn)行了汽熱交換，凝結(jié)水汽則是繼續(xù)循環(huán)，從而去吸收燃燒熱產(chǎn)生出來(lái)的高壓蒸汽，此過(guò)程則是使我們的熱能可以傳送到集中然后進(jìn)行供暖供熱；高壓蒸汽之后再去推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子，使轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)發(fā)電，然后機(jī)械能就可以轉(zhuǎn)換成電能。鍋爐的布置圖，如下煙氣流程（鍋爐）如下：水系統(tǒng)的流程如下：蒸汽流程：汽包-頂棚管-低溫過(guò)熱器+一次噴水減-屏式過(guò)熱器-高溫過(guò)熱器冷+二次噴水減-高溫過(guò)熱器熱-汽輪機(jī)第二章鍋爐的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助計(jì)算2.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)2.1.1設(shè)計(jì)題目300MW鍋爐畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)新汶煙煤2.1.2原始的數(shù)據(jù)再熱蒸汽的入口溫度：540℃再熱蒸汽的出口溫度：320℃再熱蒸汽的入口壓力：2.48MPa再熱蒸汽的出口壓力：2.65MPa制粉系統(tǒng)：中間儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)式（熱空氣作干燥劑，鋼球筒式磨煤機(jī)）燃燒的方式：四角切圓燃燒排渣的方式：固態(tài)煤種：是新汶煙煤鍋爐的額定負(fù)荷：300MW 鍋爐的蒸發(fā)量：1230t/h給水的溫度：240℃給水的壓力：12.48mpa過(guò)熱的蒸汽溫度：540℃過(guò)熱的蒸汽壓力：13.8mpa周圍的環(huán)境溫度：20℃排煙溫度的假定值：130℃熱空氣溫度的假定值：360℃汽包的工作壓力：4.3mpa排污率：2%2.2燃料特性1.燃料收到基成分收到基碳的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[C]ar=61%。收到基氫的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[H]ar=4.1%。收到基氧的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[O]ar=6.8%。收到基氮的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[N]ar=1.4%。收到基硫的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[S]ar=2.9%。收到基灰的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[A]ar=18.8%。收到基水的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)[M]ar=6%。干燥無(wú)灰基揮發(fā)分[V]ar=40%?？諝飧稍锘諿M]ad=2%。4.可磨性系數(shù)Kkm=1.4。5.收到基低位發(fā)熱量Qar,net,p=25140kJ/kg。6.灰熔點(diǎn)變形溫度t1=1200℃。軟化溫度t2=>1500℃。元素校核及煤種判別1.煤元素的各成分之和是百分之百的校核Mar+Car+Har+Oar+Nar+Sar=6+18.8+61+4.1+6.8+1.4+2.9=100%校核正確2.低位發(fā)熱量的校核（依據(jù)門捷列夫公式）Q’arnet=339Car+1030Har-109(Oar-Sar)-25Mar=24326.9(kJ/kg)Q’arnet-Qar,net=25140-24326.9=813.1(kJ/kg)3.干燥基灰分的計(jì)算Ad=100Aar/(100-Mar)=23.15<25%元素成分正確4. 折算成分的計(jì)算：%%%Aar,zs<4%Sar,zs<2%，所以新汶煙煤是不屬于高灰分,高硫分煤的。2.3輔助計(jì)算2.3.1燃燒產(chǎn)物的容積計(jì)算。表2-1初始的數(shù)據(jù)序號(hào)名稱及符號(hào)單位公式結(jié)果1三原子氣體容積VRO2m3/kg=0.01866*61+0.007*2.91.15862理論空氣量V0m3/kg=0.0889*(61+0.375*2.9)+0.265*4.1-0.0333*6.86.37963理論氮?dú)馊莘eV0N2m3/kg=0.008*1.4+0.79*6.37965.05114理論水蒸氣容積V0H20m3/kg=0.111*4.1+0.0124*6+0.016*6.37960.63225理論煙氣容積V0ym3/kg=1.1586+5.0511+0.63226.84196飛灰中純灰分額αfh-固態(tài)排渣煤粉鍋爐0.93007飛灰質(zhì)量濃度Gfhkg/kg=0.9300*18.8/1000.1748408折算灰分Azhg/MJ=10000*18.8/251407.47812.3.2空氣平衡及焓溫表表2-2煙氣的特性表煙道的各受熱面的過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)以及各個(gè)受熱面的漏風(fēng)系數(shù)以及不同過(guò)量的空氣系數(shù)下的燃燒產(chǎn)物的名稱和公式符號(hào)單位屏式過(guò)熱器高溫過(guò)熱器高溫再熱器低溫過(guò)熱器低溫再熱器高溫省煤器空氣預(yù)熱器熱段空氣預(yù)熱器冷段進(jìn)口過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)α’1.20001.20001.23001.26001.29001.32001.34001.4000出口過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)α’’1.20001.23001.26001.29001.32001.34001.40001.4600平均過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)αpj1.20001.21501.24501.27501.30501.33001.37001.4300水溶積VH20m3/kg0.65280.65430.65740.66050.66350.66610.67020.6764煙氣總?cè)莘eVym3/kg8.13848.23568.43018.62458.81908.98119.24049.6293RO2氣體份額rRO20.14240.14070.13740.13430.13140.12900.12540.1203H2O容積份額rh200.08020.07940.07800.07660.07520.07420.07250.0702RO2+H2O容積份額r∑0.22260.22010.21540.21090.20660.20320.19790.1906煙氣質(zhì)量Gykg/kg10.815210.940111.190111.440111.690011.898312.231612.7315飛灰無(wú)因次濃度μfhkg/kg0.01570.01560.01520.01490.01460.01430.01390.0134煙氣密度GyVyρykg/m31.32891.32841.32741.32651.32551.32481.32371.3222表2-3煙（空）氣的焓溫表（不同的過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)所產(chǎn)生的燃燒產(chǎn)物的焓溫表溫度℃理論煙氣的IY0理論空氣焓IK0爐，屏α”=1.2高過(guò)α”=1.3高再α”=1.26低過(guò)α”=1.29低再α”=1.32省煤α”=1.34空預(yù)熱α”=1.39空預(yù)冷α”=1.44100946.7844.91284.61335.32001919.51699.32497.32599.22701.23002920.02569.03665.13742.13793.53947.64101.84003949.63456.24952.05055.65124.85332.15539.55005007.54364.66011.36142.36273.26404.16491.46753.37015.26006093.15293.47151.87310.67469.47628.27787.07892.98210.58528.17007206.06241.38454.38641.58828.89016.09203.29328.19702.58008342.77203.49783.49999.510215.610431.710647.810791.99009497.88180.711134.011379.411624.811870.212115.7100010671.89169.512505.712780.713055.813330.913606.0110011862.910174.813897.814203.114508.3120013067.911186.315305.215640.8130014288.912212.216731.417097.7140015516.913245.418165.9150016756.214283.419612.9160018005.315329.521071.2170019265.116378.722540.8180020527.117428.324012.7190021796.818493.525495.5200023070.719557.426982.1210024356.120630.428482.1220025637.821701.229978.0

2.3.3熱平衡與燃料消耗量的計(jì)算送入機(jī)組的熱量?有效利用熱量?各項(xiàng)熱損失的總相的平衡是鍋爐機(jī)組的熱平衡，熱平衡公式如下：QQrQ1Q2Q3——?dú)怏w不完全Q4——固體不完全Q5Q6表2-4熱平衡計(jì)算及燃料消耗量序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值燃料帶入熱量QrkJ/kg≈Qar,net25140熱空氣溫度trk℃假定360排煙溫度θpy℃假定130排煙焓HpykJ/kg查煙氣焓溫表2-32000.3冷空氣溫度tlk℃給定20理論冷空氣焓Hlk0kJ/kg查煙氣焓溫表2-3193.3機(jī)械不完全燃燒熱損失q4%取用1.2化學(xué)不完全燃燒熱損失q3%取用0排煙熱損失q2%=(2000.3-1.430*193.3)*(100-1.2)/251406.7748散熱損失q5%查書(shū)《鍋爐原理》圖2-5取用0.4灰渣物理熱損失q6%取用0保熱系數(shù)Φq5/100=1-0.4/1000.996鍋爐總熱損失∑q%q2+q3+q4+q5+q6=6.7748+0+1.2+0.4+08.3748鍋爐熱效率ηb%100-∑q=100-8.374891.6252過(guò)熱蒸汽焓hgr,,kJ/kg540℃9.8MPa3476.1給水焓hgskJ/kg215℃11.2MPa925.12過(guò)熱蒸汽流量Dgrt/h給定1230000再熱蒸汽出口焓h’’zrkJ/kg2.48MPa，540℃3549.354再熱蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h’zrkJ/kg2.65MPa，320℃3061.528再熱蒸汽流量Dzrt/h給定988760再熱蒸汽焓增△hzrkJ/kgh’’zr-h’zr=3549.354-3061.528487.8254排污率Ppw%查得2排污量Dpw2953.9624600汽包內(nèi)飽和水焓hqbkJ/kg10.7MPa，小于給水壓1466.84鍋爐有效利用熱Q1kJ/h3633373954.5040實(shí)際燃料消耗量Bkg/h=3633373954.5040/(91.6252*25140)157735.8計(jì)算燃料消耗量Bcalkg/h=157735.8*(1-1.2/100)155842.9第三章燃燒室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算3.1鍋爐爐膛布置3.1.1爐膛簡(jiǎn)介本次設(shè)計(jì)是300MW的新汶煙煤的煤粉鍋爐設(shè)計(jì),在我的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,需要提高性價(jià)比并且減少金屬消耗,避免危險(xiǎn)現(xiàn)象。爭(zhēng)取把鍋爐的熱效率提高，使鍋爐更加安全可靠。該畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的布置方案是T型方案設(shè)計(jì)，和應(yīng)用廣泛的Π型方案類似，但不同的是，它取消了水平煙道。然后爐膛上端則是布置了屏式過(guò)熱器,頂棚過(guò)熱器；煙道則是依次的布置高過(guò)，低過(guò)以及省煤器和空氣預(yù)熱器。采用的是全懸吊的結(jié)構(gòu)，十分節(jié)省材料。爐膛燃燒器的選擇上，我選用直流燃燒器，燃燒方式則是四角切圓燃燒，改善風(fēng)粉的混合情況。鍋爐壓力大并且爐膛環(huán)境惡劣，水冷壁的選擇則是至關(guān)重要，需要選擇氣密性好并且耐高溫的管道，膜式水冷壁的保護(hù)作用是最為徹底的，氣密性十分好，不容易結(jié)渣并且漏風(fēng)量少，可以提高鍋爐熱效率并且減少排煙熱損失。維修更是方便,簡(jiǎn)潔，可提高鍋爐的使用壽命。3.1.2爐膛和屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)表3-1爐膛和屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值爐膛容積熱負(fù)荷qvw/m3參考《原理》表8-38，表8-39160000計(jì)算爐膛容積Vf,calm3=1000*155842.9*25140/(160000*3600)6801.893爐膛截面熱強(qiáng)度qaw/m3參考《原理》表8-40，表8-41，表8-424700計(jì)算爐膛截面積Af,calm2=1000*155842.9*25140/(4700*3600000)231.554爐膛截面寬深比a/b按a/b=1~2選取，正方形最佳1爐膛寬度am選取a值使a/b=1=231.554^(1/2)15.2169爐膛深度bm=231.554/15.216915.2169冷灰斗傾角θwch°參考《原理》11-1節(jié)55冷灰斗出口深度bwchm參考《原理》11-1節(jié)10冷灰斗出口尺寸lwchm取0.6—1.4自選1.2冷灰斗中部寬度llcm參考《原理》11-1節(jié)8.2084461/2冷灰斗高度hwchm參考《原理》11-1節(jié)5.004549冷灰斗容積Vwchm3按0.5hwch計(jì)算錐臺(tái)體積891.9629折焰角長(zhǎng)度lfam參考《原理》11-1節(jié)5.072297折焰角上傾角θup°參考《原理》11-1節(jié)35折焰角下傾角θdw°參考《原理》11-1節(jié)30屏式過(guò)熱器管徑dmm設(shè)計(jì)選取42屏式過(guò)熱器管壁厚δmm設(shè)計(jì)選取5屏式過(guò)熱器管內(nèi)工質(zhì)質(zhì)量流速ρwkg/(m2.s)參考《原理》13-6節(jié)1000減溫水量Djw2kg/h假設(shè)10000屏式過(guò)熱器管子總流通面積Am2=(1230000-0.02*1230000)/(3600*1000)0.33屏式過(guò)熱器每根管子的流通面積Aimm2=3.1415926*(42-2*5)*(42-2*5)/4804.2477屏式過(guò)熱器管子數(shù)n按ncal圓整定（A/Ai）=330000/804.2477410屏式過(guò)熱器橫向管距s1mm參考《原理》13-6-3節(jié)790屏式過(guò)熱器橫向排數(shù)Z1按Z1,cal圓整定（按a/s1-1選?。?15.2169/(790/1000)-1=18.26約等于1818屏式過(guò)熱器單片管子數(shù)n1,cal按n/Z1選取整數(shù)=410/18=22.77823屏式過(guò)熱器縱向節(jié)距s2mm參考《原理》表3-1346屏式過(guò)熱器最小彎曲半徑R參考《原理》13-6-3節(jié)80屏式過(guò)熱器底部高度向節(jié)距s3mm參考《原理》13-6-3節(jié)60屏式過(guò)熱器縱向短接管排數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)選取2屏式過(guò)熱器單片管子回程數(shù)n設(shè)計(jì)選取4屏式過(guò)熱器深度bpm查圖（為防超溫，兩圈管子短接）4528屏式過(guò)熱器后側(cè)距折焰角余量δfam設(shè)計(jì)選取0.1爐膛出口煙氣流速wgm/s參考《原理》13-6-3節(jié)7.2爐膛出口煙氣溫度θf(wàn)’’℃先假定后校核1185爐膛出口流通面積Aem2261.3266爐膛出口高度hchmAe/a=261.3266/15.216917.17345屏式過(guò)熱器高度hpmhe,fa+hfa14.5煙道煙氣流速wsym/s11.56高溫再熱器入口煙道高h(yuǎn)sym10.69627折焰角高度hzym參考《原理》11-1節(jié)0.25207折焰角下傾角高度hfa,bm2.928492高過(guò)與屏過(guò)距離m見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)圖2.1計(jì)算高溫過(guò)熱器入口煙道高度hscs,cm見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)圖12.8475爐頂高度hfrm=14.5+2.9284917.42849爐頂容積Vfrm3因爐頂以設(shè)計(jì)完，按圖計(jì)算1808.82主體容積VFm3=6801.893179-891.9629-1808.824101.114爐膛主體高度hFm=4101.114/231.55417.71128爐膛總高h(yuǎn)mhfr+hF+hwch40.14432加熱回路寬度m按每個(gè)加熱回路寬度<=2.5m 2.27前后墻水冷壁回路個(gè)數(shù)Z1,ww--7左右側(cè)水冷壁回路個(gè)數(shù)Z2,ww--7水冷壁管徑d設(shè)計(jì)選取60水冷壁壁厚設(shè)計(jì)選取5管子節(jié)距s設(shè)計(jì)選取80前后墻管子根數(shù)n1按a/s選取，要求合滿布置爐膛15.2169/80*1000=190.21125191左右側(cè)管子根數(shù)n2按a/s選取，要求合滿布置爐膛同上191共有管子數(shù)n2(n1+n2)=91*4=764764頂棚管直徑droofmm設(shè)計(jì)選取38頂棚管壁厚δroofmm設(shè)計(jì)選取4頂棚管節(jié)距sroofmm設(shè)計(jì)選取50頂棚管排數(shù)Zroof按a/sroof取，要求合滿布置爐膛=15.2169/50*1000=304.923053.2爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸表3-2爐膛熱力計(jì)算符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值爐膛高度hm查圖（冷灰斗中心線至爐膛頂棚中心線）=5.004549+17.42849+17.711240.1443冷灰斗面積Hwchm24（a+lwch）/2164.3184Hwch=4*(15.2169+1.2)/2*5.004549單側(cè)墻面積Hswm2(Vf,cal-Vwch)/a=(6801.893179-891.9629)/15.2169388.3794前墻面積Hfwm2a(h-hwch)=15.2169*(40.144-5.004549)534.71后墻面積Hrwm2a[lfa/cos(358.636dw)+hF]==15.2169*(5.072/COS(30*PI()/180)+17.7112)爐膛出口煙窗面積Hfem2a(hp+bp+291.0687fa)=15.2169*（14.5+4.528+0.1）爐頂包覆面積Hroofm2a(b-bp+161.1300fa)=15.2169（15.2169-4.528-0.1）燃燒器四角切除面積Aqcm227.2186燃燒器補(bǔ)加面積Abjm24BrHr19.2465燃燒器損失面積Assm2Aqc-Abj=27.2186-19.24657.9722爐膛總面積HFm22Hsw+Hfw+Hrw+Hfe+Hroof+Hrb+Hwch2473.7132各類門孔面積Hmhm2設(shè)計(jì)選取經(jīng)驗(yàn)取值12爐膛角系數(shù)x-設(shè)計(jì)選取0.98前后側(cè)傾水冷壁角系數(shù)xq按膜式鰭狀水冷壁選取 1爐膛出口煙窗角系數(shù)xch有屏過(guò)1爐膛平均角系數(shù)x查表得0.9987爐膛輻射受熱面積Hrm2x(HF-Hmh)=0.9987*(2473.7132-12)2458.5062四個(gè)切角損失的爐膛容積VSm33.3681爐膛總?cè)莘eVm3Vf,cal-VS=6801.8930-3.36816798.5250有效輻射層厚度sm9.8988Vf,cal/3.6HF=6801.8930/3.6*2473.71323.3爐膛的熱力計(jì)算表3-3爐膛的熱力計(jì)算符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值1熱空氣溫度tha0C設(shè)計(jì)選取3602熱空氣理論焓Iha0kJ/kg查表2-43100.47253爐膛漏風(fēng)系數(shù)F-參考《原理》表4-3P470.054制粉系統(tǒng)漏風(fēng)系數(shù)ms-參考《原理》表4-5（中速磨）P480.045冷空氣溫度tca0C設(shè)計(jì)選取206理論冷空氣焓Ica0kJ/kg查表2-4193.37熱空氣份額ah--（F+ms）1.118空氣帶入爐內(nèi)熱量QairkJ/kgahIha0+(F+ms)Ica0=1.11*3100.4725+(0.05+0.04)*193.33458.921591kg燃料帶入爐內(nèi)的熱量Q1kJ/kgQin(100-qug-qrad-quc)/(100-quc)+Qair=25140*(100-0-1.2-1.4)/(100-1.2)+3458.92147528497.140110理論燃燒溫度a0C根據(jù)Q1查表2-42108.0438TaK273+a2381.043811爐膛出口煙溫0C先假定，后校核130012爐膛出口煙焓kJ/kg查表2-416712.48513灰粒子平均直徑dfam參考《原理》表11-4（中速磨）1314煙氣平均熱容量VCkJ/(kg0C（Q1-）/(a-)=(28497.1401-16712.485)/(2108.0438-1300)14.58415水蒸氣容積份額rH2O-查表2-30.08020716三原子氣體容積份額rn-查表2-30.222617煙氣密度（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)）gkg/m3查表2-31.328918爐膛壓力pMPa設(shè)計(jì)選取0.119三原子氣體分壓力pnMPaPrn=0.1*0.22260.0222620pn與s的乘積pnsmMPaPrns=0.02226*9.89880.2221煙氣輻射減弱系數(shù)kg(mMPa)-110.2[(0.78+1.6rH2O)/(10.2pns)0.5-0.1](1-0.37:/1000)2.15768222飛灰減弱系數(shù)kfa(mMPa)-148350g/(:2dfa2)1/377.9264423焦炭粒子輻射減弱系數(shù)kCO(mMPa)-1參考《原理》公式（11-42）10.224無(wú)因次量x1-參考《原理》公式（11-42）0.525無(wú)因次量x2-參考《原理》公式（11-42）0.126火焰輻射減弱系數(shù)K(mMPa)-1kgrn+kfafa+kCOx1x2=0.5*0.1*10.2+0.2226*2.157682+77.92644*0.01612.2127輻射吸收率Kps-Kps=2.21*0.1*9.89882.18828爐膛火焰有效黑度f(wàn)l-1-e-Kps0.88841629水冷壁的灰污系數(shù)-參考《原理》表11-20.4530平均熱有效系數(shù)ave-x=0.45*0.99870.44941431水冷壁角系數(shù)x0.44132爐膛黑度aF-afl/[ave(1-afl)+afl]=0.8879/(0.449415*(1-0.8879)+0.8879)0.94657033燃燒器高度hbm設(shè)計(jì)選取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)11.49403634冷灰斗至爐膛出口中心高度hFm查圖34.79618735燃燒器相對(duì)高度xbmhb/hF=11.494036/34.7961870.33032536參數(shù)x-參考《原理》表11-3037火焰中心相對(duì)高度xfl-xb+x=0.330325+00.33032538爐內(nèi)最高溫度有關(guān)的系數(shù)M-B-Cxfl,參考《原理》表11-3B=0.59,C=0.50.42483839爐膛出口煙溫0CTa/{M[0Ta3aFFrave/(BcalVC)]0.5+1}-273=2381.0438/(0.424838*((2381.0348^3*0.9463*0.4494*Fr*10^(-11)*'2458.512973/('155842.8986*'14.5841786*0.996))^(0.6)+1)-2731324.849540爐膛出口煙焓kJ/kg查表2-416712.48541爐膛輻射吸熱量QrkJ/kg（Q1-）=0.996(28497.1401-16712.485)11737.5164842輻射受熱面熱負(fù)荷-kW/m2BcalQr/Hr=155842.8986*11737.51648/（2458.512973*3600）208.3979243爐膛出口煙溫校核0C-cal=1324.8495-130024.849512第四章過(guò)熱器、再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及熱力計(jì)算4.1屏式過(guò)熱器4.1.1屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸表4-1屏式過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值1屏式過(guò)熱器管子直徑dmm查表3-1422屏式過(guò)熱器管子壁厚mm查表3-153屏式過(guò)熱器橫向排數(shù)Z1-查表3-1184屏式過(guò)熱器縱向短接排數(shù)--查表3-125屏式過(guò)熱器縱向排數(shù)Z2-設(shè)計(jì)選取926屏高h(yuǎn)pm查表3-114.50007屏深bpm查表3-14.5288屏式過(guò)熱器平均橫向節(jié)距s1mma/(Z1+1)=15.2168985*1000/(18+1)800.8899屏式過(guò)熱器平均縱向節(jié)距s2mmbp/(Z2-1)=4.528*1000/(92-1)49.758210橫向相對(duì)節(jié)距1-s1/d=800.889/4219.068811縱向相對(duì)節(jié)距2-s2/d=49.758/421.184712入口輻射面積Hr;m2(hp+bp)aZ1/(Z1+1)=(14.5+4.528)*15.2168985*18/(18+1)274.307713出口輻射面積Hr:m2hpaZ1/(Z1+1)=14.5*15.2168985*18/(18+1)209.032014輻射角系數(shù)x-參考《原理》圖11-10a0.912215屏式過(guò)熱器總受熱面積Apshm22hpbpZ1x=2*14.5*4.528*18*0.91222156.193716入口到出口角系數(shù)h-((bp/s1)2+1)1/2-(bp/s1)=((4.528/800.8893*1000)^2+1)^(1/2)-(4.528/800.8893*1000)0.087817出口窗面積Hfem2查表2-2291.068718屏區(qū)側(cè)水冷壁受熱面積1Aww1m2（0.5d+(s-d)）/s2(hp(bp+fa))134.212019屏區(qū)側(cè)水冷壁受熱面積2Aww2m2（0.5d+(s-d)）/s20.5lp-ssh(hp+hscs-c)54.190920屏區(qū)側(cè)水冷壁受熱面積Awwm2Aww1+Aww2=134.212+54.1909188.402921頂棚管直徑droofmm查表3-13822頂棚管排數(shù)Zroof-查表3-130523頂棚管節(jié)距sroofmm查表3-15024屏式過(guò)熱器區(qū)頂棚管長(zhǎng)度lroofm(bp+lp-ssh)=4.528+2.16.628025頂棚管受熱面積Aroofm2a(0.5d+(s-d))/slroof=15.216895*(0.5*PI()*42/1000+(1.17-42/1000))/1.17*6.628100.857626煙氣輻射層厚度sm1.8/(1/bp+1/hp+1/s1)=1.8/(1/4.528+1/14.5+1/(800.889*0.001))1.170027煙氣入口流通截面Ag;m2(hp+bp)(a-dZ1)=(14.5+4.528)*(15.2168985-42/1000*10)281.55528煙氣出口流通截面Ag:m2(hp-hfa)(a-dZ1)=(14.5-0.2)*(15.2168985-42/1000*18)206.7929煙氣平均流通截面Ag,avem22Ag;Ag:/(Ag;+Ag:)=2*281.555*206.79/(281.555+206.79)235.635030蒸汽流通截面Assm2/4n1Z1dn2=(PI()/4*18*((42-2*5)/1000)^2*22.778)0.33304.1.2屏式過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算表4-2屏式過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值煙氣進(jìn)屏溫度0C查表3-31300煙氣進(jìn)屏焓kJ/kg查表3-316712.4848屏區(qū)的對(duì)流吸熱量Qc,pshkJ/kg先假定后校核1950煙氣對(duì)屏后受熱面的輻射熱量QrlkJ/kg先假定后校核200屏區(qū)爐頂對(duì)流吸熱量QroofkJ/kg先假定后校核90屏區(qū)水冷壁對(duì)流吸熱量QwwkJ/kg先假定后校核170煙氣出屏焓kJ/kg-(Qc,psh+Qrl)/=16712.4848-(1950+200)/0.99614553.85026煙氣出屏溫度0C查表1-41147.07385煙氣平均溫度ave0C（+）/2=(1300+1147.07385)/21223.53692TaveKT+ave=F10+2731496.53692屏對(duì)流吸熱量QckJ/kgQc,psh-Qroof-Qww=1950-90-1701690pn與s的乘積-mMpaPrns=0.02226*1.170.02604072煙氣輻射減弱系數(shù)kg(mMpa)-110.2[(0.78+1.6rH2O)/(10.2pns)0.5-0.1](1-0.37Tave/1000)=10.2*((0.78+1.6*0.080207)/(10.2*0.02604072)^(1/2)-0.1)*(1-0.37*1496.536925/1000)7.56760557飛灰減弱系數(shù)kfa(mMpa)-148350g/(Tave2dfa2)1/3=43850*1.3289/((1496.536925^2*13^2)^(1/3))80.5586809輻射減弱系數(shù)K(mMpa)-1kgrn+kfafa=0.2226*7.56697+80.55788*0.01612.982251779煙氣輻射吸收力Kps-Kps0.348931646煙氣黑度-1-e-Kps0.294558652考慮反向輻射的系數(shù)-參考《原理》圖11-170.99煙窗處的相對(duì)高度x-（h-0.5hp）/h0.8194016熱負(fù)荷分布系數(shù)psh-參考《原理》圖11-180.79屏區(qū)輻射熱流qrkW/m2pshQrBcal/Hr=(40.144-0.5*14.5)/(40.144*3600)164.634362屏區(qū)改正輻射強(qiáng)度qrmkW/m2qr=0.99*164.634362162.988018屏入口吸收的爐膛輻射熱量rkJ/kgqr,mr/Bcal=162.9880184*274.3078213/155842.8986*36001032.78323屏入口到出口的角系數(shù)fl-查表3-10.0877563屏出口漏出爐膛輻射熱量kJ/kgr(1-)fl/=1032.78365*(1-0.294558652)*0.0877563/0.9964.58228025屏吸收輻射熱量QrkJ/kgr-r=1032.78365-64.58228025968.2013692屏總吸收熱量QkJ/kgQc+r-r=1690+1032.78365-64.582280252658.201369輻射燃料改正系數(shù)r-參考《原理》式11-700.5煙氣對(duì)屏后受熱面的輻射熱量Qrl,calkJ/kg5.710-11arT4r/Bcal=5.7*10^(-11)*0.294558652*209.032132*1496.536925^4*0.5/155842.8986*3600203.3269399誤差e%100*(Qrl-Qrl,cal)/Qrl-0.7906蒸汽進(jìn)屏壓力MPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10.3蒸汽出屏壓力MPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10蒸汽進(jìn)屏溫度0C先假定后用減溫水調(diào)整校核375蒸汽進(jìn)屏焓kJ/kg查焓熵圖3008.12一級(jí)減溫水量Dds1kg/h先假定后校核20000t/h20二級(jí)減溫水量Dds2kg/h先假定后校核10000t/h10蒸汽出屏焓kJ/kg+BcalQ/(Dl-Dds2)3347.814蒸汽出屏溫度0C查焓熵圖481.2屏內(nèi)tave0C（+）/2428.1屏內(nèi)蒸汽平均比容avem3/kg查焓熵圖0.0279屏內(nèi)蒸汽平均流速ssm/s(Dl-Dds2)ave/(3600Ass)=(1218-10)*1000*0.0279/(3600*0.329741565)28.39193173屏內(nèi)蒸汽平均質(zhì)量流速kg/(m2s)Dl/(3600Ass)=1218000/(3600*0.329741565)1026.056067管徑改正系數(shù)Cd-參考《原理》圖12-160.98蒸汽熱導(dǎo)率W/(m0C)查物性參數(shù)圖表0.0934蒸汽運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度m2/s查物性參數(shù)圖表0.00000028蒸汽普朗特殊Pr-查物性參數(shù)圖表1.857管壁對(duì)蒸汽的放熱系數(shù)2W/(m20C)0.023/dn(ssdn/)0.8Pr0.4Cd3185屏間煙氣平均流速gm/sVgBcal(ave+273)/(273Ag,ave)=8.1383*155842.8986*(1223.536925+273)/(273*238.4499888*3600)8.099316104管排數(shù)改正系數(shù)Cz-參考《原理》式（12-19）1煙氣成分及溫度改正系數(shù)Cw-0.92+0.726rH2O0.93節(jié)距改正系數(shù)Cs-參考《原理》式（12-20）0.69074煙氣側(cè)對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)gW/(m20C)0.2/d(gd/)0.65Pr0.33CzCsCw=0.2*0.114/(42*0.001)*(8.099316104*42*0.001/0.00018)^0.65*0.565341817^0.33*1*0.69074*0.9338.94234637灰污系數(shù)m20C/W參考《原理》圖12-20（a）0.011管壁灰污黑度w-參考《原理》式（12-47a）0.8管壁灰污層溫度tw0Ctave+1000(+1/2)Bcal(Qc+Qr)/Hpsh1032.14946輻射放熱系數(shù)rW/(m20C)5.710-8(w+1)/2aTave3[1-(Tw/Tave)4]/[1-(Tw/Tave)]165.4989屏利用系數(shù)0C參考《原理》圖12-20（b）0.85煙氣側(cè)放熱系數(shù)1W/(m20C)[(dg)/(2xs2)+r]=0.85*((3.14*42*38.94234637)/(2*'8'!E15*0.9122)+165.4989)188.7618629傳熱系數(shù)KW/(m20C)1/[1+(1+Qr/Qc)(+1/2)1]=188.7618629/(1+(1+968.2013692/1690)*(0.011+1/3185)*188.7618629)43.3023612較大溫差max0C-925較小溫差min0C-=1147.07385-481.2665.87385平均溫差0C(max-min)/(lnmax/min)=(925-665.87385)/(LN(925/665.87385))788.3519161屏對(duì)流傳熱量Qc,calkJ/kgKApsh/(1000Bcal)=43.3023612*788.3519161*2156.090515/(1000*155842.8986)*36001700.255461誤差e%100(Qc-Qc,cal)/Qc=(1690-1700.255461)/1690*100-0.606831989屏區(qū)兩側(cè)水冷壁溫tsw0C查焓熵圖（飽和溫度）316.696平均傳熱溫差0Cave-tsw=1223.536925-316.696906.840925屏區(qū)兩側(cè)水冷壁對(duì)流吸熱量Qww,calkJ/kgKAww/(1000Bcal)=43.3023612*906.840925*188.4029/(1000*155842.8986)*3600170.9014535誤差e%100(Qww-Qww,cal)/Qww=(170-170.9014535)/170-0.005302668爐頂包敷的相對(duì)高度x-常數(shù)1爐頂包敷吸收爐膛輻射熱流roof-參考《原理》圖11-18131.2906937熱負(fù)荷分布系數(shù)qrkW/m2roofQrBcal/Hr0.63爐頂包敷吸收的爐膛輻射熱量Qr,roofkJ/kgqrHroof/Bcal=0.99*131.2906937*161.1301937/155842.8986*3600483.7951946爐頂包敷焓增量kJ/kg3600Bcalr/(D-Dds1-Dds2)62.8299752汽包出口飽和蒸汽溫度ts0C查焓熵圖（飽和溫度）316汽包出口干飽和蒸汽焓skJ/kg查焓熵圖（x=1）2712.3屏區(qū)爐頂壓力proofMPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10.7屏區(qū)爐頂進(jìn)口汽焓roofkJ/kgs+=62.8299752+2712.32775.129975屏區(qū)爐頂進(jìn)口汽溫roof0C查焓熵圖323.8696屏區(qū)爐頂蒸汽焓增量kJ/kg3.6BcalQroof/(Dl-Dds1-Dds2)11.6882屏區(qū)爐頂出口汽焓roofkJ/kgs+=62.8299752+2775.1299752837.95995屏區(qū)爐頂出口氣溫roof0C查焓熵圖325.3362屏區(qū)爐頂平均氣溫tave0C0.5(roof+roof)=0.5*(323.8696+325.3362)324.6029平均傳熱溫差0Cave-tave=1223.536925-324.6029898.934025屏區(qū)爐頂對(duì)流吸熱量Qroof,calkJ/kgKAroof/(1000Bcal)=43.3023612*898.934025*100.8576/(1000*155842.8986)*360090.6908579誤差e%100(Qroof-Qroof,cal)/Qroof=(90-90.6908579)/483.7951946*100-0.142799662屏區(qū)的對(duì)流吸熱量Qc,psh,calkJ/kgQc,cal+Qww,cal+Qroof,cal=1700.255461+170.9014535+90.69085791961.847772總誤差e%100(Qc,psh-Qc,psh,cal)/Qc,psh=(1950-1961.847772)/1950*100-0.607578052 4.2高溫過(guò)熱器4.2.1高溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)表4-3高溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1蒸汽進(jìn)口焓kJ/kg3328.11732蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度℃按p=14MPa下，查焓熵圖(p根據(jù)模板選取)481.983蒸汽出口溫度t”℃已知5404蒸汽出口焓h”kJ/kg根據(jù)p=13.8MPa,查焓熵圖3478.955工質(zhì)總吸熱量QgrkJ/kg1190.45686爐頂過(guò)熱器附加對(duì)流吸熱量QfjldkJ/kg假定437兩側(cè)水冷壁附加對(duì)流吸熱量QfjslkJ/kg假定1208對(duì)流傳熱量QgrdkJ/kg947.17289理論冷空氣焓holkkJ/kg查表2-3193.310煙氣進(jìn)口溫度℃1147.0738511煙氣進(jìn)口焓kJ/kg14553.8502612煙氣出口焓kJ/kg13444.031713煙氣出口溫度℃查焓溫表2-21047.332914較小溫差℃=1047.3329-540507.332915較大溫差℃=1147.07385-481.98005665.093816平均溫差℃=(665.0938-507.3329)/(LN(665.0938/507.3329))582.65807117傳熱系數(shù)Kw/m2℃假設(shè)選取63.618計(jì)算對(duì)流受熱面積Ajsdm21106.478119蒸汽質(zhì)量流速kg/m2s根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)表2-21選取57020蒸汽流通截面積Assm2=1213000/(3600*570)0.59113060421管徑dmm設(shè)計(jì)選取4222壁厚mm設(shè)計(jì)選取523每根管子截面積m20.000804224管子總跟數(shù)n-74625橫向節(jié)距S1mm按S1/d=2.5左右選取10526縱向節(jié)距S2mm設(shè)計(jì)選取6027管排數(shù)Z1-14228每排管子根數(shù)-n/Z1(已取整)529每根管子長(zhǎng)度lm11.8109630回程數(shù)--設(shè)計(jì)選取231管子彎曲半徑RmmR=(1.5~2.5)d選取8032縱向平均節(jié)距S2pjmm71.111133高過(guò)高度m5.825534高過(guò)深度m0.64表4-4高溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸計(jì)算序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1管徑dmm查表4-1422壁厚δmm查表4-153橫向節(jié)距S1mm查表4-11054縱向平均節(jié)距S2pjmm查表4-171.11115相對(duì)橫向節(jié)距-2.56相對(duì)縱向節(jié)距-1.6931197每排管子根數(shù)n1-查表4-158管排數(shù)、布置Z1-順流，順列布置1429蒸汽流通面積Am20.5999710高過(guò)進(jìn)口煙道高度h'ym查表3-1爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)12.847511高過(guò)出口煙窗高度h''ym12.39912煙氣進(jìn)口流通面積m2160.75613煙氣出口流通面積m2153.936914煙氣平均流通面積Apjm2=2*160.756*153.9369/(160.756+153.9369)157.272568215輻射層有效厚度Sm=0.9*42*0.001*(4*2.5*1.693119048/3.14-1)0.16602133816計(jì)算對(duì)流受熱面積Agrjsm2查表4-11106.47817爐頂附加受熱面積Afjldm246.750818水冷壁附加受熱面積Afjslm2129.40574.2.2高溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算表4-5高溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1煙氣進(jìn)口溫度℃查表4-11147.073852煙氣進(jìn)口焓H'kJ/kg查表4-114553.850263蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h'kJ/kg查表4-13328.11734蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度t'℃查表4-1481.985蒸汽出口溫度t''℃查表4-15406蒸汽出口焓h''kJ/kg查表4-13478.957過(guò)熱器吸熱量QgrkJ/kg查表4-11190.45688爐頂附加受熱面對(duì)流吸熱量QldfjkJ/kg假定569水冷壁附加受熱面對(duì)流吸熱量QfjslkJ/kg假定15710屏過(guò)透過(guò)的輻射量QpfkJ/kg263.52411爐頂吸收輻射熱量QldfkJ/kg9.605212水冷壁吸收輻射熱量QslfkJ/kg26.587113過(guò)熱器吸收輻射熱量QgrfkJ/kg=263.524-9.6052-26.5871227.331714過(guò)熱器對(duì)流吸熱量QgrdkJ/kg=1190.4568-227.3317963.125115煙氣出口焓H''kJ/kg13377.794616煙氣出口溫度℃查焓溫表2-21042.606217煙氣平均溫度℃=(1147.0739+1042.6062)*0.51094.8418蒸汽平均溫度tpj℃=(481.98+540)*0.5510.9919煙氣流速wym/s11.357920管排數(shù)改正系數(shù)Cz-參考《原理》圖12-6121節(jié)距改正系數(shù)Cs-0.9822煙氣成分及溫度改正系數(shù)Ct-0.9323對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2℃)8024煙氣側(cè)對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2℃)=80*0.98*0.9372.91225蒸汽平均比容m3/kg根據(jù)tpj,p=13.9MPa,查焓熵圖0.033826蒸汽平均流速wpjm/s19.248227灰污系數(shù)εm2℃/W參考文獻(xiàn)0.004328對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2℃)參考《原理》圖12-16與溫度壓力流速有關(guān)260029管徑修正系數(shù)Cd參考《原理》圖12-160.9430蒸汽側(cè)放熱系數(shù)W/(m2℃)=2600*0.94244431管壁灰污層溫度th℃730.320632乘積pns(mMPa)-1prns0.003733三原子氣體的輻射減弱系數(shù)ky(mMPa)-123.172834乘積kyrn(mMPa)-1=23.1728*0.22012445625906235.100935灰粒的輻射減弱系數(shù)kh(mMPa)-185.502536乘積khμfa(mMPa)-1=85.5025*0.0155562702844946051.330137氣流輻射減弱系數(shù)K(mMPa)-1=5.1009+1.33016.431038煙氣輻射吸收率Kps-Kps0.106739煙氣黑度a-1-e-kps0.101240煙氣側(cè)輻射放熱系數(shù)W/(m20C)參考《原理》公式12-47，35.422841利用系數(shù)ζ-參考文獻(xiàn)142煙氣側(cè)放熱系數(shù)W/(m2℃)=(72.912+35.4228)*1108.334843熱有效系數(shù)-參考《原理》表12-50.6544傳熱系數(shù)kW/(m2℃)=0.65*108.3348*2444/(108.3348+2444)67.428745較小溫差△tx℃=1042.6062-540502.606246較大溫差△td℃=(1147.0739-481.98)665.093947平均溫差△t℃=(665.0939-502.6062)/ln(665.0939/502.6062)580.062048對(duì)流傳熱量QgrckJ/kg999.717949誤差e%100(Qgrc-Qgrd)/Qgrd=100(999.7179-963.1251)/963.1251-3.799450兩側(cè)水冷壁工質(zhì)溫度tbs℃查p=14.8MPa下，水的飽和溫度316.751平均傳熱溫差△t℃=1094.84-316.7778.1452兩側(cè)水冷壁對(duì)流吸熱量QslbdkJ/kg156.845353誤差e%100(Qfjsl-Qslbd)/Qfjsl=100(157-156.8453)/156.84530.098554爐頂過(guò)熱器進(jìn)口汽焓hgr'ldkJ/kg為屏區(qū)爐頂參數(shù)出口參數(shù)，p=14.66MPa2786.818255爐頂過(guò)熱器進(jìn)口氣溫tgr'ld℃325.336256爐頂過(guò)熱器蒸汽焓增量△hgrldkJ/kg8.520157爐頂過(guò)熱器出口汽焓hgr''ldkJ/kghgr'ld+△hgrld=2786.8182+8.52012795.338358爐頂過(guò)熱器出口汽溫tgr''ld℃根據(jù)p=14.62MPa及hgr''ld，查焓熵圖325.650059平均溫差℃=1094.84-0.5*(2795.3383+325.6500)769.346960爐頂過(guò)熱器對(duì)流吸熱量QdldkJ/kg56.023761誤差e%=100(56.0237-43)/43-0.04234.3高溫再熱器4.3.1高溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)表4-6高溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1蒸汽出口壓力p’’MPa給定2.482蒸汽出口溫度℃5403蒸汽流量Dzrkg/h設(shè)計(jì)選取9887604蒸汽出口焓kJ/kg查焓熵圖3549.3545蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度t'℃假定4606蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h'kJ/kgp=2.66MPa,查焓熵圖3372.877蒸汽焓增量kJ/kg=3549.354-3372.87-176.4848進(jìn)口煙焓H'kJ/kg與高過(guò)出口煙焓相同13377.79469進(jìn)口煙溫℃與高過(guò)口煙溫相同1042.606210高再對(duì)流傳熱量QgzrdkJ/kg=988760*176.484/(3600*0.0231)1119.719411爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器附加對(duì)流吸熱量QlddkJ/kg假定9412底水冷壁對(duì)流吸熱量QsldkJ/kg假定5113出口煙焓H''kJ/kg12113.412414出口煙溫℃查焓熵圖935.348815較大溫差℃=1042.6062-460582.606216較小溫差℃=935.3488-540395.348817平均溫差℃=(582.6062-395.3488)/(LN(582.6062/395.3488))482.94218傳熱系數(shù)kW/(m2/℃)假定63.719計(jì)算對(duì)流受熱面積Ajsgzrm21575.648420蒸汽質(zhì)量流速kg(m2s)參考文獻(xiàn)26021管子總截面積Am2=988760/(3600*260)1.056422管徑dmm參考《原理》p35344.523壁厚mm參考《原理》p3533.524每根管子截面積Aim20.001125管子總跟數(shù)nA/Ai=1.0564/0.001195626橫向節(jié)距s1mms1/d=2.5左右選取13127縱向節(jié)距s2mm參考《原理》選取6028管子排數(shù)Z1-a/s1-2(已取整)11629每排管子根數(shù)n1-n/Z1(已取整)830每根管子長(zhǎng)度lmAjsgr/Z1n1πd12.145131管子彎曲半徑Rmm按R=(1.6~2.5)d左右選取8032回程數(shù)--設(shè)計(jì)選取233高溫再熱器深度bgzrm=2*(80+(8-1)*60)/1000134縱向平均節(jié)距s2pjmm=1000*1/(16-1)66.666735每根管子平均長(zhǎng)度lpjm12.145136布置的對(duì)流受熱面積Agzrm2Πd/1000×lpjZ1n11575.648437誤差e%（Agzr-Ajsgzr）/Agzr1001.44×10-14表4-7高溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸數(shù)據(jù)序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1管徑dmm查表4-644.52壁厚mm查表4-63.53橫向節(jié)距s1mm查表4-61314縱向平均節(jié)距s2pjmm查表4-666.66675每排管子根數(shù)n1-查表4-666管子排數(shù)、布置Z1-順流，順列布置1167蒸汽流通截面積Am20.02498高再區(qū)進(jìn)口煙道高度m10.69629高再區(qū)出口煙道高度m由于高再區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)成水平煙道，所以高度同上8.735710高溫再熱器與水平煙道距離m設(shè)計(jì)無(wú)依據(jù)，符合結(jié)構(gòu)即可0.211高溫再熱器高度hgzrm5.992612高溫再熱器深度bgzrm查表4-62.813煙氣進(jìn)口流通面積m2126.50314煙氣出口流通面積m2同上115.84815煙氣平均流通面積m2=2*126.503*115.848/(126.503+115.848)120.941216輻射層有效厚度Sm0.162417計(jì)算對(duì)流受熱面積m2查表4-61575.648418高再入口處與水平前沿距離m設(shè)計(jì)選取，無(wú)依據(jù)0.519與轉(zhuǎn)向室距離m設(shè)計(jì)選取，無(wú)依據(jù)1.320高再區(qū)深度bgzqm2.821爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器附加受熱面積Agzldm297.016822底部水冷壁受熱面積Agzslm252.01394.3.2高溫再熱器熱力計(jì)算表4-8高溫再熱器熱力計(jì)算序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1煙氣進(jìn)口溫度℃查表4-61042.6062煙氣進(jìn)口焓kJ/kg查表4-613377.793蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度t’℃查表4-64604蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h’kJ/kg查表4-63372.875蒸汽出口溫度℃查表4-65406蒸汽出口焓kJ/kg查表4-63549.3547蒸汽焓增量kJ/kg=3549.354-3372.87176.4848高再對(duì)流傳熱量QgzdkJ/kg查表4-61119.7199爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器附加對(duì)流吸熱量QldgzkJ/kg先假定，后校核9410底水冷壁對(duì)流吸熱量QslgzkJ/kg先假定，后校核5111出口煙焓kJ/kg查表4-612113.4112出口煙溫℃查表4-6935.348813蒸汽平均溫度tpj℃=(460+540)*0.550014蒸汽平均比容m3/kg按p=2.62MPa,查焓熵圖0.138915蒸汽流速wm/s=0.0338*988760/(3600*0.0249)37.221216管徑修正系數(shù)Cd-查《原理》圖12-160.9417對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)查《原理》圖12-16117018蒸汽側(cè)對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)=0.94*11701099.819灰污系數(shù)(m2·s)/W參考文獻(xiàn)0.004320灰污管壁溫度thb℃660.254521煙氣平均溫度℃=(1042.606+935.3488)*0.5988.977522煙氣流速wym/s13.948623縱向相對(duì)節(jié)距-s2/d2.943824橫向相對(duì)節(jié)距-s1/d1.498125管排節(jié)距修正系數(shù)Cz-參考《原理》圖12-60.9226管排修正系數(shù)CS-127煙氣成分及溫度修正系數(shù)Ct-同上，與煙氣速度和水蒸汽份額有關(guān)0.9428對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)參考《原理》圖12-68729煙氣側(cè)對(duì)流放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)=87*0.94*0.9481.7830Pn與s的乘積pns(m·MPa)-1p*rn*s0.003531三原子氣體的輻射減弱系數(shù)ky(m·MPa)-125.503232乘積kyrn(m·MPa)-1kyrn5.493733灰粒子的輻射減弱系數(shù)kh(m·MPa)-186.579534乘積(m·MPa)-11.316835氣流輻射減弱系數(shù)K(m·MPa)-1=5.4937+1.31686.810536乘積Kps-Kps0.110637煙氣黑度a-1-e-kps0.104738輻射放熱系數(shù)a0W/(m2·s)查《原理》圖12-1524039煙氣側(cè)輻射放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)a*a0=240*0.104725.119840利用系數(shù)-參考文獻(xiàn)141煙氣側(cè)放熱系數(shù)W/(m2·s)=81.78+25.1198106.899842熱有效系數(shù)-參考文獻(xiàn)0.6543傳熱系數(shù)kW/(m2·s)63.329344較大溫差℃=1042.606-540582.606245較小溫差℃=935.3488-460395.348846平均溫差℃=582.6062-395.3488/ln(582.6062/395.3488)482.94247計(jì)算低再對(duì)流傳熱量kJ/kg1113.20348誤差e%100*(Qgzdc-Qgzd)/Qgzd=100(1113.203-1119.719)/1119.7190.58249底水冷壁工質(zhì)溫度tsl℃按p=14.8MPa,查焓熵圖(飽和溫度)316.750低水冷壁附加對(duì)流吸熱量kJ/kg51.15551誤差e%100(Qslgzc-Qslgz)/Qslgz=100(51.155-51)/51-0.30392156952爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器進(jìn)口溫度℃查表4-5325.6553爐頂及包覆蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h’ldkJ/kg查表4-52795.338354蒸汽焓增量kJ/kg12.207755蒸汽出口焓kJ/kg=2795.3383+12.20772807.54656蒸汽出口溫度℃按p=14.59MPa,查焓熵圖330.01657爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器工質(zhì)平均溫度℃=(325.65+330.016)*0.5327.83358平均溫差℃661.144559爐頂及包覆過(guò)熱器附加對(duì)流吸熱量kJ/kg93.834660誤差e%100(Qldgzc-Qldgz)/Qldgz=100*(93.8346-94)/940.1759574474.4轉(zhuǎn)向室4.4.1轉(zhuǎn)向室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)表4-9轉(zhuǎn)向室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值管子直徑dmm設(shè)計(jì)選取42管子壁厚mm設(shè)計(jì)選取5轉(zhuǎn)向室高度hrcm設(shè)計(jì)選取8.7357轉(zhuǎn)向室深度brcm設(shè)計(jì)選取10.5轉(zhuǎn)向室寬度rcm設(shè)計(jì)選取15.2169列數(shù)n-設(shè)計(jì)選取2每列根數(shù)n’-設(shè)計(jì)選取60省煤器懸吊管面積Hsm,xm2n×n’×hrc×d×Π/1000=2*60*8.7357*42*3.1415926/1000138.3178側(cè)包墻總面積Hs,shm22hrcbrc=2*8.7357*10.5183.4495后包墻面積Hr,shm2rchrc=15.2169*8.7357132.93頂棚面積Hroofm2rcLrc159.777總受熱面積Hrcm2Hs,sh+Hr,sh+Hroof=183.4495+132.93+159.777614.474轉(zhuǎn)向室角系數(shù)xrc-設(shè)計(jì)選取1輻射受熱面積Hm2xrcHrc=1*614.474614.474受熱面區(qū)總包圍面積Hsurm2Hs,sh+2Hr,sh+2Hroof=183.4495+2*132.93+2*159.777768.8635轉(zhuǎn)向室容積Vm30.5Hs,shrc=0.5*183.4495*15.21691395.76634828有效輻射層厚度sm3.6V/Hsur6.72294.4.2轉(zhuǎn)向室熱力計(jì)算表4-10轉(zhuǎn)向室熱力計(jì)算符號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源數(shù)值1進(jìn)口煙溫0C查高再熱力計(jì)算表935.34882進(jìn)口煙焓kJ/kg查高再熱力計(jì)算表12113.413懸吊管吸熱量Qdg,xkJ/kg先假定后校核2034側(cè)包墻吸熱量Qs,shkJ/kg先假定后校核2455后包墻吸熱量Qr,shkJ/kg先假定后校核1796頂棚吸熱量QroofkJ/kg先假定后校核2157總吸熱量QrkJ/kgQs,sh+Qr,sh+Qroof=245+179+215+2038428出口煙焓kJ/kg-Qr/11267.7769出口煙溫0C查表2-4874.86110平均煙溫ave0C(+)/2=(935.3488+874.861)/2905.104911入口蒸汽溫度0C查表roof330.01612入口蒸汽焓kJ/kg查表4-62807.54613蒸汽焓增量ikJ/kg3.6QrBcal/Dtn82.986314轉(zhuǎn)向室出口壓力MPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10.5515轉(zhuǎn)向室出口蒸汽焓kJ/kg+i=2807.546+82.98632890.532316轉(zhuǎn)向室出口蒸汽溫度0C查焓熵圖34017平均汽溫tave0C(+)/2=(330.016+340)/2335.00818懸吊管內(nèi)水溫度t’gs0C假設(shè)（略高于省煤器出口溫度）281.000019灰污系數(shù)m20C/W參考《原理》式12-61a0.004320過(guò)熱管壁灰污層溫度tw0Ctave+1000BcalQr/H584.814521懸吊管壁灰污層溫度tw’0Ct’gs+1000BcalQr/H554.194222pn與s的乘積pnsmMPaprns0.144823煙氣輻射減弱系數(shù)kg(mMPa)-110.2[(0.78+1.6rH2O)/(10.2pns)0.5-0.1](1-0.37Tave/1000)5.094424飛灰減弱系數(shù)kfa(mMPa)-148350g/(Tave2dfa2)1/394.381725輻射減弱系數(shù)K(mMPa)-1kgrn+kfafa2.532926煙氣輻射吸收力Kps-Kps1.702827煙氣黑度-1-e-Kps0.817828輻射放熱系數(shù)rW/(m20C)5.710-8(w+1)/2Tave3[1-(Tw,/Tave)4]/[1-(Tw,/Tave)]181.398429懸吊管平均溫壓t’0Cave-tw’=905.1049-554.1942350.910730包覆平均溫壓t0Cave-tw=905.1049-584.8145320.290431懸吊管吸熱量Qdg，x，calkJ/kg3.6×r×t’×Hsm,x/Bj203.38732誤差e%（Qdg,x–Qdg，x，cal）/Qdg,x100=(203-203.387)/203*100-0.1906403940933頂棚過(guò)熱器吸熱量Qroof,calkJ/kgrtHroof/(1000Bcal)214.441234誤差e%(Qroof-Qroof,cal)/Qroof100=(215-214.4412)/215*1000.2599069767435后包墻過(guò)熱器吸熱量Qr,sh,calkJ/kgrtHr，sh/(1000Bcal)178.408736誤差e%(Qr,sh-Qr,sh,cal)/Qr,sh100=(179-178.4087)/179*1000.3303351955337側(cè)包墻過(guò)熱器吸熱量Qs,shkJ/kgrtHs，sh/(1000Bcal)246.212138誤差e%(Qs,sh-Qs,sh,cal)/Qs,sh100=(245-246.2121)/256*100-0.47347656254.5低溫過(guò)熱器4.5.1低溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)表4-11低溫過(guò)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果管徑dmm參考文獻(xiàn)選取p20238壁厚δmm4對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)kw/m2℃假定56.5計(jì)算對(duì)流受熱面積Ajsdgm24590.3259蒸汽質(zhì)量流速ρwkg/m2s參考文獻(xiàn)選取500-1000615蒸汽質(zhì)量流量Ddgkg/h1200000管子總截面積Am2=1200000/(3600*615)0.542005每根管子截面積Aim20.0007管子總跟數(shù)n-A/Ai(已取整)0.542005/0.0007767橫向節(jié)距s1mm參考《原理》13-6選取145縱向節(jié)距s2mm參考《原理》13-6選取55管子排數(shù)，布置Z1-1000*brc/s1-1(已取整)104每排管子數(shù)n1-n/Z1(已取整)767/1047每根管子長(zhǎng)度lm52.8176管子彎曲半徑Rmm參考《原理》13-6選取75回路--設(shè)計(jì)選取4主體高度hm1.770橫向平均節(jié)距s1pjmmbrc/(Z1-1)*1000147.73680縱向平均節(jié)距s2pjmm1000*h/(4*n1-1)=1000*1.77/2765.55555556相對(duì)橫向節(jié)距σ1-s1pj/d=147.73680/383.88781052632相對(duì)縱向節(jié)距σ2-s2pj/d1.4474每根管子平均長(zhǎng)度lpjmAjsdg/(Z1n1πd/1000)52.8175布置的對(duì)流受熱面積Abzm2π(d/1000)lpjn1Z14590.32591誤差e%(Ajsdg-Abz)/Ajsdg100-1.98×10-14蒸汽流通截面積Assm20.5146煙氣進(jìn)口流通面積Ay1m2119.0718煙氣出口流通面積Ay2m同上119.0718煙氣平均流通面積Ay,avem2=2*119.0718*119.0718/(119.0718+119.0718)119.0718輻射層有效厚度Sm0.2524上高m設(shè)計(jì)選取，符合結(jié)構(gòu)1.5下高m設(shè)計(jì)選取，符合結(jié)構(gòu)0.8四周附加受熱面積Afjm2209.3355懸吊管受熱面積Axdm264.44294.5.2低溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算表4-12低溫過(guò)熱器熱力計(jì)算序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式及數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源結(jié)果1煙氣進(jìn)口溫度θ'℃查表4-10874.8612煙氣進(jìn)口焓H'kJ/kg查表4-1011267.77623煙氣出口溫度℃假定后校核675.44煙氣出口焓H''kJ/kg查焓溫表8674.5995減溫水焓（給水焓）hgskJ/kg查鍋爐熱平衡表925.126屏進(jìn)口焓kJ/kg查表4-23008.127蒸汽出口焓（未減溫）h''kJ/kg3042.83678蒸汽出口壓力p''MPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10.39蒸汽出口溫度t''℃查焓熵圖385.176510懸吊管吸熱量QxdgkJ/kg先假定，后校核4211低過(guò)區(qū)側(cè)包墻對(duì)流吸熱量QfjdgkJ/kg先假定，后校核11812過(guò)熱器對(duì)流吸熱量QdgdkJ/kg2427.800513蒸汽進(jìn)口焓h'kJ/kg2727.540414蒸汽進(jìn)口壓力p'MPa設(shè)計(jì)選取10.515蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度t'℃根據(jù)p’=14.5MPa,查焓熵圖344.316蒸汽平均溫度tpj℃(t’+t’